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Hello friends, today we'll learn about the latitudes and longitudes of the Earth.

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Have you ever wondered how the location or position of any place is determined?

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Let me explain this. Whoa, it looks so yum! Our Earth looks like an orange. It is spherical from

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the sides and flat at the top and bottom. The latitudes and longitudes are invisible lines

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that help us identify a place using geometrical coordinates.

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An easy way to remember the orientation is that latitudes are lateral

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and longitudes are long. Let's learn about them one by one.

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At first, latitudes.

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Latitude lines circle the globe in east-west direction.

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It measures how far north or south a specific point lies from the equator.

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They're also known as parallels.

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The equator at zero degrees separates the Earth into northern and southern hemisphere.

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Locations to its north lies in between zero degrees north to 90 degrees north,

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while to its south the positions are between zero degrees south and 90 degrees south.

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The distance between each degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles.

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And now, the longitudes.

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Longitudinal lines run from the North Pole to the South Pole.

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It measures how far east or west a point lies from the prime meridian.

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These are also known as prime meridians.

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Longitudes can value from 0 degrees to 180 degrees east.

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The distance between longitudes at the equator is the same as latitude, roughly 69 miles.

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At 45 degrees south or north, the distance between is about 49 miles.

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The distance between longitudes reaches to zero at the poles

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as the lines of meridian converge at that point.

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Now we'll see some of the notable latitudes and longitudes.

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The most important of these are the equator and the prime meridian.

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The equator is a line passing through the center of the Earth

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and is considered as the reference point for latitudes,

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whereas the prime meridian is a line passing through Greenwich, England

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and is considered as the reference point for longitudes.

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Hmm, it is also the source to calculate time and international dateline.

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Each degree refers to four minutes.

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There are 24 time zones in the world. If an event happens at 11 a.m. in Greenwich,

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England, it would be reported at 4.30 p.m. in Kolkata, India. The other important latitude

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is the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the south.

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Apart from these, the Arctic and Antarctic circle at 66.5 degrees north and south respectively

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are equally necessary.

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These latitudes divide the Earth into the tropic zone.

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It's the hottest zone with countries like Colombia, Brazil, Kenya.

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Temperate zone, the moderate zone,

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with countries like India, Japan, United States of America.

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And the polar zone, the coldest zone,

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with countries like Norway, Iceland, and Finland.

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Penguins live in the polar zone's southern hemisphere.

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That's it for today, kids. Stay tuned for next video. Bye-bye!