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Hello students, today we'll be talking about modal verbs.

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What are the main characteristics? What are they used for? So let's start.

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This is a general overview of the lesson.

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In this lesson you will learn how to express ability, possibility, advice, obligation, lack of obligation and prohibition.

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Which are the main characteristics of modal verbs?

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Why are they cursor 1? Because they don't take S, ING, or ED endings. For example, he can't cook.

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Secondly, they don't use auxiliary do to form the negatives and the questions. They shouldn't make noise.

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And finally, they are followed by an infinitive. For example, you must fasten your seatbelt.

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As for ability, the first one, we use can in the present, and it means poder o saber hacer algo.

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For example, in this picture, we would say that, for example, Peter can read, but his sister can't.

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For ability in the past, we use could, couldn't.

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for example in this picture we will say that she could play tennis before the

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accident for future ability we use will be able to for example we could say that

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this group of doctors in the future they will be able to find a cure for cancer

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okay now next if we want to talk about possibility as for possibility we use

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may might and could the meaning is something is possible or perhaps so for

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example if I see a baby crying and somebody asked why is the baby crying I

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could say he might he may or he could be hungry okay as for advice we use the

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positive form should and in the negative we use shouldn't and the meaning is I

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I advise you to do something ok for example imagine I go to London and

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somebody recommends me to visit this play he or she would said if you go to

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London I recommend you or you should go to London Zoo and in the negative you

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shouldn't forget your camera as for obligation we use depending on the

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obligation one bird or another one for example if the obligation is internal it means that the

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speaker decides that something is necessary to be done or maybe the obligation is external there

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are something outside us that makes the obligation necessary for example a lower regulation or traffic

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sign is if the obligation is internal we use mass to have to and the meaning is necessary i'm

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obliged to for example if i see this poster um i would say i must wear a helmet or i have to

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wear a helmet is an internal obligation but if i'm talking about external obligation the only

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one i can use is have to for example this policeman he would say that he has to wear a uniform

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it's an obligation that comes from the outside okay now as for the lack of obligation

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we use don't or doesn't have to okay and the meaning is that you don't have to do something

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but it's fine if you want to do it for example continue with my visit to london

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if i go to london if i go to the uk i don't have to get a passport okay

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it's not necessary and as for provision the pair will use this mustn't okay and the meaning is

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forbidden to do something for example if I see that these three signs on my wall I would say

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You mustn't smoke, you mustn't drink and you mustn't eat.

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So this is the end of the lesson today, let's have a look at a brief summary.

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So far we've seen the modal verbs for ability and possibility, which are can and could and

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in the future we'll be able to.

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As for giving advice, we use SHOULD or SHOULDN'T.

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In obligation, we use MUST, HAVE or HAS TO depending on whether the obligation is internal

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or external.

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As for the lack of obligation, we use DON'T or DOESN'T HAVE TO and finally in prohibition

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we've seen MUSTN'T.

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So, this is the end of our lesson. I hope you find it useful and if you have any questions, please let me know tomorrow in class. Bye!