1 00:00:05,099 --> 00:00:32,649 Popular Revolution, 2 of May of 1808. At the beginning of the 19th century, Napoleon Bonaparte, a French military man and statesman, who in 1799 had become first consul of France, proclaimed himself emperor of all French in the year 1804. 2 00:00:32,649 --> 00:00:49,649 His lust for power led him to conquer a large part of Europe in what was called the Napoleonic Wars, which beat him, among others, against England and Portugal, in addition to his former ally Spain. 3 00:00:49,649 --> 00:00:58,649 Among his plans was to name his brother José King of Spain and thus ensure his advantage in the conflict. 4 00:00:58,649 --> 00:01:09,959 With the excuse of reaching the Kingdom of Portugal and support by the Treaty of Fontainebleau 5 00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:17,319 seen by the Spanish Prime Minister, Immanuel Godoy, in 1807, Napoleon sent his great imperial 6 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:24,040 army across the peninsula, but his plans were quite different. 7 00:01:24,040 --> 00:01:29,319 The French army, under the command of General Junot, crossed the Spanish territory in the 8 00:01:29,319 --> 00:01:37,760 autumn of 1807, arriving in Portugal in November, but meanwhile its soldiers were taking positions 9 00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:46,000 in different Spanish cities, since their purpose was to overthrow the king of Spain, Carlos 10 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:51,909 IV. 11 00:01:51,909 --> 00:02:01,250 In Spain, King Carlos IV has reigned since 1788, who had inherited the throne on the 12 00:02:01,250 --> 00:02:08,710 death of his father, King Carlos III, and unlike there, he did not care much about the 13 00:02:08,710 --> 00:02:14,509 affairs of the kingdom because he liked to go hunting more, for which he delegated the 14 00:02:14,509 --> 00:02:20,349 word of government to a young royal guard who, thanks to the favor of the queen, had 15 00:02:20,349 --> 00:02:25,629 been appointed prime minister with full powers and full authority. 16 00:02:25,629 --> 00:02:33,530 It was Manuel Godoy, the king's minister. 17 00:02:33,530 --> 00:02:40,810 In those days, Napoleon was the most important leader in Europe and his army, La Grande Armée, 18 00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:44,310 was considered the strangest in the world. 19 00:02:44,310 --> 00:02:51,150 For this reason, when he began to invade Spanish territory with the excuse of arriving in Portugal, 20 00:02:51,150 --> 00:02:57,389 King Carlos IV did not put an impediment in addition his minister Godoy agreed, because 21 00:02:57,389 --> 00:03:00,550 he had previously agreed with Napoleon. 22 00:03:00,550 --> 00:03:08,800 But the Spanish people did not see in that way and they began to worry. 23 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,500 King Carlos IV had a son. 24 00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:19,280 It was Prince Fernando, who was very ambitious and very jealous of the favor that his parents 25 00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:21,639 granted to the minister Godoy. 26 00:03:21,639 --> 00:03:27,900 So taking advantage of the discontent caused by the French invasion of Spanish territory, 27 00:03:27,900 --> 00:03:31,900 he began to conspire to ask Godoy. 28 00:03:31,900 --> 00:03:36,340 But his plans went far, much farther. 29 00:03:36,340 --> 00:03:41,050 He wanted to be king of Spain. 30 00:03:41,050 --> 00:03:49,370 With a series of Spanish nobles who preferred him as king, he conspired against his father 31 00:03:49,370 --> 00:03:55,490 in the call, La Conjura del Escorial, de 1807. 32 00:03:55,490 --> 00:04:04,689 But in the end his plans failed and he had to apologize to his parents. 33 00:04:04,689 --> 00:04:09,669 The months were passing and the French occupation army was getting bigger. 34 00:04:09,669 --> 00:04:15,050 As we remember that Napoleon's final plan was to remove the Spanish kings to name his 35 00:04:15,050 --> 00:04:22,709 brother José King of Spain, this made Godoy himself begin to worry and decide that King 36 00:04:22,709 --> 00:04:30,209 Carlos IV and his family should leave the court and take refuge in the palace of Aranjuez 37 00:04:30,209 --> 00:04:34,139 in order to escape to America. 38 00:04:34,139 --> 00:04:40,500 When the people found out, they assaulted the Godoy Palace with the intention of imprisoning 39 00:04:40,500 --> 00:04:47,759 and dethroning King Carlos IV, who was held responsible for all ills. 40 00:04:47,759 --> 00:04:49,800 Now they want a new king. 41 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:55,519 They want Prince Fernando to become king. 42 00:04:55,519 --> 00:05:06,790 In this way, Prince Fernando became the King of Spain, with the name of Fernando III. 43 00:05:06,790 --> 00:05:15,449 Las abdicaciones de Bayona de 1808 The new king, Fernando VII, needs Napoleon 44 00:05:15,449 --> 00:05:24,769 to recognize him as such since it means that his plans to overthrow his father Carlos IV 45 00:05:24,769 --> 00:05:32,110 would have this support, however, Napoleon continued with his plans. 46 00:05:32,110 --> 00:05:39,949 For this, he decided Fernando VII to go to the French city of Bayona with the promise 47 00:05:39,949 --> 00:05:46,670 that there he would recognize him as king. 48 00:05:46,670 --> 00:05:56,329 The former king, Carlos IV, also wanted to travel to Bayona because he wanted to reign 49 00:05:56,329 --> 00:06:07,089 the throne sent by his son, and that Napoleon would help him, but Napoleon had another plan, 50 00:06:07,089 --> 00:06:14,709 and during that week he managed to get Fernando to abdicate again in his father Carlos and 51 00:06:14,709 --> 00:06:19,889 later to have King Carlos abdicate in his own person. 52 00:06:19,889 --> 00:06:25,949 Now Napoleon, as the circumstantial king of Spain, could name however he wanted. 53 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:38,519 While all this was happening in Bayona, with the kings Carlos and Fernando meeting with Napoleon, 54 00:06:38,519 --> 00:06:44,680 the court of Spain was in the hands of the most important of the French generals, 55 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:47,920 who was also the emperor's brother-in-law. 56 00:06:48,579 --> 00:06:52,379 It was Joaquín Murat, Grand Duke of Berck. 57 00:06:52,379 --> 00:07:00,000 For this reason, when people found out that they planned to send the two young children 58 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:08,139 of King Carlos IV to Baggiona along with their parents and Napoleon, there was the largest 59 00:07:08,139 --> 00:07:17,949 and most heroic appraising by the people of Madrid to the scream, ¡Que no los llevan! 60 00:07:17,949 --> 00:07:26,009 The revolt began at the royal palace but a little it moved to all corners of Madrid where 61 00:07:26,009 --> 00:07:34,529 people armed with various objects attacked French soldiers. 62 00:07:34,529 --> 00:07:40,810 The entire people of Madrid participated in the revolt and great heroic figures emerged 63 00:07:40,810 --> 00:07:49,250 such as the seamstress Manuela Malasaña who gave her life while fighting with her father 64 00:07:49,250 --> 00:07:55,629 for the cause. 65 00:07:55,629 --> 00:08:02,310 While the army had received orders not to attack, the military from the Monteleón Artillery 66 00:08:02,310 --> 00:08:11,689 Barracks joined the popular action, and their leaders commanded the fight until they died. 67 00:08:11,689 --> 00:08:25,519 Capitanes de Ahoyz and Velarde were the heroes of the armed struggle. 68 00:08:25,519 --> 00:08:36,360 Along with them was Teniente Jacinto Ruiz, who being ill, went to the faith-taking church of one of the canons. 69 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:44,759 He fought bravely, receiving severe service in forest, which would cost him his life a year later. 70 00:08:44,759 --> 00:09:06,879 After suffocating the revolt in a very hard way, General Murat began an even harsher persecution and repression, ordering the execution of any rebel who had participated and was found with weapons. 71 00:09:06,879 --> 00:09:17,139 The general painter of the court, Francisco de Goya, lived and represented in one of his most important paintings. 72 00:09:21,279 --> 00:09:28,639 The Sacrifice to the Heroes of May II was the spark that ignited in the rest of the population. 73 00:09:28,639 --> 00:09:47,500 The mayors of many Spanish cities support the start of the revolt and in the Madrid population of Mostoles and later was issued, inviting all Spanish people to stand up to the French invader. 74 00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:58,320 This beginning one of the most important wars in Spain because they were all fighting together against a foreign invader. 75 00:09:58,639 --> 00:10:09,480 The Spanish War of Independence, that gave rise to the first constitution in Cadiz in the year of 1812. 76 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:24,309 Since that day, 212 years ago, we have celebrated the heroic feat in which a handful of people from Madrid 77 00:10:24,309 --> 00:10:27,470 feted the largest army in the world.