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Good morning class! In this video we are going to introduce two things. First, the past perfect,

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a little bit of grammar, and then the new vocabulary of the unit 5, okay? Everything

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is in your book in lesson 5 on page 63 if you want to use your pupil's book, okay? So, enjoy!

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The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before an action in the

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past simple. For example, he had finished the test when the bell rung. So, in this case, we know that

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the bell rung after the boy finished the test, okay? Now, have a look at the formula. In affirmative,

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we have to use first the subject, then had, and finally, the past participle. In this case,

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we have to remember if the verb is regular or irregular okay if it's regular we have to use ed

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and if not we have to know the word okay in negative we have to add not he had not finished

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or he hadn't finished and in the question of course first had then the subject and finally

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the past participle okay had he finished the test when the bell rang remember that always in the

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The verb in past simple is the second action and the verb in past perfect is the first action.

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OK, let's continue.

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Have a look at this example.

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He failed his test because he hadn't studied.

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In this case, we can use the past perfect to know which event happens first.

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If we have had or hadn't before studied, we know that this action was the first one, okay?

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Hadn't studied and the action in past simple was the second one.

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He failed his test, okay?

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Here we have another example.

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When he arrived, the plane had left.

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Can you guess what action was first?

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Very good.

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had left because here we have the past perfect and here we can see the past simple so the first

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action was the plane had left and the second one he arrived okay so he is sad because he couldn't

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take the plane okay here we have an example with an interrogative sentence had the student visited

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the library before they went home we can see two events went home and have visited so again the

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the action in past perfect had visited is the first one okay is the first thing that happened

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and then the second one is went home okay first they visited the library and then they went home

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to sum up if we have two actions and we want to know which event happened first

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we need the past perfect to answer this question okay with these two events we can make two

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different sentences the first one if we add had to put a pet this would be the first sentences okay

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and they moved to spain in simple past would be the second one the final sentence is they had

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put a pet before they moved to Spain okay in the second one we are going to

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add had to the action move to Spain okay in this case they have moved to Spain

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would be the first sentence and they put a pet the second one the final sentence

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is before they put a pet they had moved to Spain remember that in this case

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first they had moved to Spain and then they bought the pet can you see the

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difference between both sentences now we have to practice so open your activity

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books on page 56 and go to activity 3 read and complete the sentences with the

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past perfect form of the verse in the box as you can see in the box we have

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the following verbs check eat live watch start and take the first thing we have

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to do is read the sentences okay then we have to choose one verb and finally we

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have to write the verb in the past perfect form okay as we can see in the

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example after I had checked my compass I walked north now we are going to do

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together number two my friends and I the sunrise before we had breakfast which

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verb do you think we have to write here do we have to write here very good the

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verb is what okay so now we have to write what in the past perfect form my

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friends and I had plus the past participle what is regular so the third

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column the past participle is watched okay so my friends and I had watched the

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sunrise before we had breakfast again we know the first section was had

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worked and the next one we had breakfast okay that is in passive now you are

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going to stop the video and work in sentences three four five and six and

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when you finish and you continue with the video and we're going to read

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together all the answers okay please don't see it and good luck good good

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job I'm sure that you have done an excellent job good sentence number three after Angela

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some photos of the scenery she posted them online the verb that we have to write here is after

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take okay and the past perfect is had taken remember that take is an irregular

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verb okay so had taken some photos number four the past before I noticed

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that I didn't have my backpack with me number four the verb is had left okay so

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so the verb is live and the past perfect form had left because is irregular okay

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number five after the campers had started the fire they cooked burgers for

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dinner again the verb is start is regular so had plus the past participle

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started the fire remember that this is the first action and the action in past

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simple is the second one okay finally number six Max had eaten his

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lunch before he started hiking back home again the verb is it and the past

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perfect form had plus the past participle it is an irregular verb so the past

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participle is eaten, Max had eaten. Again, this is the first action and the action in

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past simple started is the second one. Okay? Let's continue. Great job, guys. Now we continue

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with the new vocabulary that you can find in your pupil's book on page 63. Okay? Let's

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go for the new vocabulary i'm going to introduce an extra word the compass this indicates the four

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cardinal points north south east and west okay the sun appears in the east that is called the

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sunrise okay and the sun disappears in the west and this is called

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sunset okay these two words are in your vocabulary

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sunrise and sunset now we are going to continue the vocabulary

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in this unit we have different sceneries or

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landscapes in the screen you can see five pictures

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i'm going to give you the definition and you have to guess

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the first one an area of land smaller than a forest that is covered with growing trees

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great the second one an area of open land some of them are planted with crops

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very good the field number three a low area of land between hills or mountains typically with

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a river stream flowing through it it's clear the valley very good the next one the alternate rising

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and falling of the sea this is a little bit difficult because i think that you don't know

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or you perhaps it's difficult for you rising and falling okay rising and falling rising and falling

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is tied, okay? And the last one, very easy. It's a part of the coast with the land

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curving in so the sea is surrounded by land on three sides. It's the bay. Very good.

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Excellent work. Good job. See you next week.