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1902, Alfonso XIII, son of Alfonso XII, was proclaimed king.

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During his reign, social and political conflicts in Spain happened.

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Strikes organized by labor unions took place due to the poor work.

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The nationalism in Catalonia, Galicia and País Vasco remained more out of tune.

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And the war in Morocco where many Spanish soldiers died and Spain lost territories in North Africa.

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There were many conflicts between workers and employers.

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Employers hired mercenaries to take down the leaders of the workers.

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And the workers attacked the nobility and the bourgeois.

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King Alfonso XIII was shot with a bomb.

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This period is now known as Epoca del Pistolerismo.

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Taking advantage of the social and political conflict, the General Primo de Rivera led a coup in 1923.

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In a coup, a person or a group takes control of the government by force.

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Primo de Rivera established a military dictatorship.

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He abolished the Constitution.

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He banned all political parties.

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He also banned all the labor unions, limited the freedom of citizens.

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He assumed all the powers of the state.

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The King Alfonso XIII supported Primo de Rivera, but he was not part of the global movement.

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Primo de Rivera won the war with Morocco and many roads, railways and other public works were built under his rule.

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but the population opposed his dictatorship and demanded more freedom.

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In 1930, Primo de Rivera lost the support from the king.

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As there was a lot of corruption, he had to resign.

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The general elections were held in 1931.

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The political parties that support a republic won,

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and Alfonso XIII went to France into exile.