1 00:00:02,799 --> 00:00:27,690 The industrial revolution began in the United Kingdom at the end of the 18th century. Then it extended to other countries. 2 00:00:27,690 --> 00:00:36,289 The industrial revolution took place in the 19th century. 3 00:00:36,289 --> 00:00:47,630 Factories were built mainly in Catalonia and the Basque Country. 4 00:00:47,630 --> 00:00:55,429 The invention of the steam engine will be relevant to this century. 5 00:00:55,429 --> 00:01:06,579 thanks to the steam engine trains and steamboats will be developed and a new energy sources like 6 00:01:06,579 --> 00:01:16,579 electricity petroleum or coal will be used then the textile and mechanical industries will advance 7 00:01:16,579 --> 00:01:27,510 really really fast small crops main workshop will be replaced by factories operated by workers 8 00:01:27,510 --> 00:01:38,310 As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, many important economies and social changes will take place. 9 00:01:39,390 --> 00:01:51,530 A society that was based on agriculture will be transformed into a society based on industrial activities. 10 00:01:58,760 --> 00:02:02,579 1808 in Spain, Contemporary Age 11 00:02:02,579 --> 00:02:17,900 1807. In 1807, Napoleon Bonaparte, the emperor of France, decided to occupy Portugal. 12 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:31,229 While the king of Spain, Carlos IV, allowed him to go across Spain, on the way to Portugal, the French troops invaded some Spanish cities. 13 00:02:31,229 --> 00:02:50,419 In 1808 the French troops were in Spain, but when Carlos IV was in the palace of Aranjuez the population was going to have a riot. 14 00:02:50,419 --> 00:03:05,860 This caused the motion on Aranjuez. The population forced Carlos IV to advise, and in his season Fernando VII became the new king. 15 00:03:05,860 --> 00:03:18,229 But soon after, Napoleón forced Fernando VII to abdicate, so his brother, José Bonaparte, was proclaimed king. 16 00:03:18,729 --> 00:03:21,150 The population called him Pepe Botella. 17 00:03:26,699 --> 00:03:36,599 The population of Madrid didn't accept José Bonaparte as king of Spain, so they rebelled against the French, and the War of Independence started. 18 00:03:36,599 --> 00:03:57,360 The Spanish population fought against José Bonaparte and the French. This war lasted until 1814, when the French were defeated and Fernando VII returned as the King of Spain. Yes, Fernando VII, King of Spain, one more time. 19 00:03:57,360 --> 00:04:05,960 During the war, the Spanish Parliament approved the Spanish First Constitution, the Constitution of Cádiz. 20 00:04:07,719 --> 00:04:17,860 This Constitution limited the king's power of establishing some rights for the cities, like the right to vote. 21 00:04:24,870 --> 00:04:25,689 Viva la Pepa! 22 00:04:26,310 --> 00:04:28,129 The Spanish First Constitution. 23 00:04:28,129 --> 00:04:33,129 The first Spanish constitution was approved in Cadiz 1812. 24 00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:36,050 This constitution was in Cadiz. 25 00:04:36,430 --> 00:04:45,970 It was recognized by Fernando VII as a king, but also included new ideas like equalities or freedom of the press. 26 00:04:46,870 --> 00:04:52,850 The constitution only lasted two years and the people who supported it were arrested. 27 00:04:52,850 --> 00:04:59,850 Just because it was approved on San Jose's day, people started to call it La Pepa. 28 00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:11,899 So people in the street started to shout, Viva La Pepa! 29 00:05:11,899 --> 00:05:14,899 The Regime of Fernando VII 30 00:05:14,899 --> 00:05:27,899 In 1814, Fernando VII returned as the King of Spain, but he didn't like the Spanish Constitution. 31 00:05:27,899 --> 00:05:34,899 so he re-stabilized the absolute monarchy. 32 00:05:34,899 --> 00:05:38,899 He recovered the world power again. 33 00:05:38,899 --> 00:05:55,410 This decision caused political disorder and, as a result, most of the American colonies and territories became independent. 34 00:05:55,410 --> 00:06:02,170 Isabel II. In Spain, according to the law of succession, only men could reign. 35 00:06:04,610 --> 00:06:11,050 So Fernando VII changed this law so his daughter could ascend to the throne. 36 00:06:12,889 --> 00:06:19,810 Isabel II became queen when Fernando VII died in 1833. 37 00:06:20,209 --> 00:06:28,850 During her reign, there was a constitutional monarchy that limited her power. 38 00:06:29,250 --> 00:06:41,250 But lots of conflicts, riots and changes of government led to a revolution, and in 1868 Isabel II went to France into exile. 39 00:06:41,250 --> 00:06:51,110 The Third Spanish Republic 40 00:06:51,110 --> 00:07:04,110 In 1871 Amadeo de Savoia of Italy became king. However, he was a foreign monarch. He didn't have much support, so he abdicated two years later. 41 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:21,439 In 1873, members of the Parliament proclaimed the first Spanish Republic, a form of government with no king. 42 00:07:21,439 --> 00:07:27,329 The Spanish flag is going to change again. 43 00:07:27,329 --> 00:07:32,329 The emblem of the flag is going to lose the crown on top. 44 00:07:32,329 --> 00:07:42,089 In a republic there are no kings, but in one year of the republic there will be four presidents. 45 00:07:42,089 --> 00:07:52,750 So a little facts like the war in Cuba, our agriculture and industrial problems will finish this Spanish republic. 46 00:07:52,750 --> 00:07:57,750 The most important one will be the lack of support. 47 00:07:57,750 --> 00:08:09,620 So in 1874 the son of Isabel II, Alfonso XII, will be crowned as the king of Spain. 48 00:08:09,620 --> 00:08:19,019 At the end of this century, Spain lost the last colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.