1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:12,280 Hi, I'm Jennifer Pulley, and welcome to NASA Connect, the show that connects you to math, 2 00:00:12,280 --> 00:00:15,280 science, technology, and NASA. 3 00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:22,760 I don't know how you deal with stress after a long day at school, but for me, after work, 4 00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:23,760 I hit the gym. 5 00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:29,720 You know, stress can be caused by many things, such as being overworked, mentally tired, 6 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:32,960 or just overwhelmed by our daily lives. 7 00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:38,040 In fact, how many of you get stressed out over an important test? 8 00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:42,600 I get stressed when I don't have enough time in the day to complete all my work. 9 00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:45,640 Does that mean that stress is a bad thing? 10 00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:50,760 While too much stress can be damaging to the body, too little of some kinds of stress can 11 00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:51,760 also be harmful. 12 00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:54,940 Let's look at three types of stress. 13 00:00:54,940 --> 00:00:58,260 The first is called physical stress. 14 00:00:58,260 --> 00:01:03,060 Activities like walking and carrying textbooks are physical stresses. 15 00:01:03,060 --> 00:01:09,380 The second stress, called mental stress, involves activities like doing math problems or taking 16 00:01:09,380 --> 00:01:10,380 quizzes. 17 00:01:10,380 --> 00:01:13,620 The third type of stress is called emotional stress. 18 00:01:13,620 --> 00:01:19,380 It can be either good or bad, like winning science student of the year or receiving a 19 00:01:19,380 --> 00:01:21,740 bad grade on a test. 20 00:01:21,740 --> 00:01:27,020 Our bodies, including muscles and bones, require some physical and mental stress, or 21 00:01:27,020 --> 00:01:29,540 good stress, to be healthy and grow. 22 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:35,780 In today's program, we will focus on good stress and how to build better muscles and 23 00:01:35,780 --> 00:01:36,780 bones. 24 00:01:36,780 --> 00:01:42,500 We will also learn how NASA researchers collect and analyze data to better understand how 25 00:01:42,500 --> 00:01:49,340 our muscles and bones are constantly changing, especially in a microgravity environment. 26 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:50,340 That's RJ. 27 00:01:50,340 --> 00:01:53,140 He's a friend of mine who's an up-and-coming cross-country star. 28 00:01:53,140 --> 00:01:58,180 He had an injury a few months ago, but I think his injury and today's program have a lot 29 00:01:58,180 --> 00:01:59,180 in common. 30 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:00,180 RJ, what's up? 31 00:02:00,180 --> 00:02:01,180 Hey, Jen. 32 00:02:01,180 --> 00:02:04,180 I tore a muscle in my leg and I've been immobilized for a few months. 33 00:02:04,180 --> 00:02:07,180 I'm trying to get my leg strength back to where it was before the injury. 34 00:02:07,180 --> 00:02:09,180 Well, you know, it looks like you were doing some rehabilitation. 35 00:02:09,180 --> 00:02:10,180 How's that going? 36 00:02:10,180 --> 00:02:11,180 I'm really struggling. 37 00:02:11,180 --> 00:02:14,180 In fact, I've been struggling for the past two weeks. 38 00:02:14,180 --> 00:02:16,180 I'm keeping a log of my workouts. 39 00:02:16,180 --> 00:02:18,180 I can't figure out if my rehab's on target. 40 00:02:19,020 --> 00:02:21,020 You mean you're having trouble analyzing your data? 41 00:02:21,020 --> 00:02:22,020 I think so. 42 00:02:22,020 --> 00:02:25,020 Well, I think I can help you and your leg out. 43 00:02:25,020 --> 00:02:29,020 You know, data analysis is the math focus today. 44 00:02:29,020 --> 00:02:33,020 So you mean my leg is going to be the focus of this program? 45 00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:35,020 I guess you could look at it that way, RJ. 46 00:02:35,020 --> 00:02:39,020 To better understand your leg injury, yes, you do need to understand data analysis. 47 00:02:39,020 --> 00:02:44,020 Now, before we help RJ out, there are a few things that you need to know. 48 00:02:44,060 --> 00:02:49,060 During the course of this program, you will be asked to answer several inquiry-based questions. 49 00:02:49,060 --> 00:02:53,060 After the questions appear on the screen, your teacher will pause the program 50 00:02:53,060 --> 00:02:57,060 to allow you time to answer and discuss the questions. 51 00:02:57,060 --> 00:03:01,060 This is your time to explore and become critical thinkers. 52 00:03:01,060 --> 00:03:06,060 Students working in groups take a few minutes to answer the following questions. 53 00:03:07,060 --> 00:03:10,060 Number one, what is data? 54 00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:13,060 List some examples of data. 55 00:03:13,100 --> 00:03:16,100 Number two, where do data come from? 56 00:03:17,100 --> 00:03:21,100 Number three, why do data need to be interpreted? 57 00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:27,100 Compare your answers to all three questions with other groups in your class. 58 00:03:27,100 --> 00:03:29,100 It is now time to pause the program. 59 00:03:29,100 --> 00:03:32,100 So, did you come up with some good answers? 60 00:03:32,100 --> 00:03:34,100 Good job. 61 00:03:34,100 --> 00:03:40,100 Data are the facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations. 62 00:03:40,140 --> 00:03:44,140 You might collect data on the number of boys and girls in your math class, 63 00:03:44,140 --> 00:03:50,140 the types of animals in a local zoo, or the average monthly temperatures where you live. 64 00:03:50,140 --> 00:03:55,140 Besides collecting your own data, you might be able to find data already collected 65 00:03:55,140 --> 00:04:00,140 in journals, newspapers, almanacs, or even the Internet. 66 00:04:00,140 --> 00:04:06,140 Once you collect the data you need, then you must interpret or analyze that data. 67 00:04:06,180 --> 00:04:10,180 At NASA, researchers are constantly on the lookout for patterns 68 00:04:10,180 --> 00:04:13,180 that can help them understand how things work. 69 00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:18,180 By analyzing data, they can describe relationships between and among 70 00:04:18,180 --> 00:04:22,180 numbers and the scientific principles they are investigating. 71 00:04:22,180 --> 00:04:26,180 Before you analyze the data, it's very helpful to arrange the results 72 00:04:26,180 --> 00:04:29,180 in an organized way, such as a chart. 73 00:04:29,180 --> 00:04:33,180 Graphing your results will help you visualize your findings. 74 00:04:33,220 --> 00:04:39,220 By organizing and visualizing the data, you can look for patterns and trends. 75 00:04:39,220 --> 00:04:42,220 For example, let's take a look at RJ's data. 76 00:04:42,220 --> 00:04:43,220 RJ, what do you have for us? 77 00:04:43,220 --> 00:04:46,220 Well, the display shows the amount of weight my right leg can lift 78 00:04:46,220 --> 00:04:49,220 by doing a set of 10 repetitions on a leg extension machine. 79 00:04:49,220 --> 00:04:52,220 The data was taken over a four-month period. 80 00:04:52,220 --> 00:04:57,220 So, it looks like your data are organized by time and weight, you know? 81 00:04:57,220 --> 00:05:02,220 A scatter plot would be an awesome graph to use to help you analyze this data. 82 00:05:02,260 --> 00:05:03,260 A scatter plot? 83 00:05:03,260 --> 00:05:06,260 Yes, a scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship 84 00:05:06,260 --> 00:05:09,260 between two variables, like time and weight. 85 00:05:09,260 --> 00:05:14,260 Scatter plots let you visually determine whether the trend in your data 86 00:05:14,260 --> 00:05:19,260 is positive, negative, or none at all. 87 00:05:19,260 --> 00:05:24,260 In your case, the two variables are time and weight. 88 00:05:24,260 --> 00:05:30,260 To make a scatter plot, we plot these two variables as ordered pairs. 89 00:05:30,300 --> 00:05:33,300 Here's what the scatter plot looks like. 90 00:05:33,300 --> 00:05:40,300 The x-axis is the time, and the y-axis is the amount of weight. 91 00:05:40,300 --> 00:05:44,300 And don't forget, you always need a title for your plot. 92 00:05:44,300 --> 00:05:49,300 Can you determine a trend or relationship in the scatter plot? 93 00:05:49,300 --> 00:05:55,300 In other words, does the data show a positive trend, negative trend, 94 00:05:55,300 --> 00:05:57,300 or no trend at all? 95 00:05:57,340 --> 00:06:00,340 This would be a great time to pause the program 96 00:06:00,340 --> 00:06:04,340 and discuss the relationship with your fellow students and teachers. 97 00:06:04,340 --> 00:06:06,340 It's now time to pause the program. 98 00:06:06,340 --> 00:06:09,340 Well, RJ, what can you determine from the plot? 99 00:06:09,340 --> 00:06:12,340 I noticed that my leg strength increased between March and May. 100 00:06:12,340 --> 00:06:16,340 But over the last month, my leg strength has remained constant. 101 00:06:16,340 --> 00:06:17,340 You know, RJ, you're right. 102 00:06:17,340 --> 00:06:20,340 You did have a positive trend for a couple of months. 103 00:06:20,340 --> 00:06:22,340 But I wonder why you leveled off. 104 00:06:22,340 --> 00:06:25,340 You know, I know someone at NASA who is the lead astronaut 105 00:06:25,380 --> 00:06:28,380 strength, conditioning, and rehabilitation specialist. 106 00:06:28,380 --> 00:06:29,380 Her name is Beth Shepard, 107 00:06:29,380 --> 00:06:31,380 and I bet she could help you out with your rehab program. 108 00:06:31,380 --> 00:06:33,380 Here's her contact information. 109 00:06:33,380 --> 00:06:34,380 Give her a buzz. 110 00:06:34,380 --> 00:06:36,380 Thanks, Jennifer, for all your help, 111 00:06:36,380 --> 00:06:38,380 especially learning how to analyze data. 112 00:06:38,380 --> 00:06:39,380 I'll talk to you later. 113 00:06:39,380 --> 00:06:41,380 Let's see what he can learn from Beth Shepard 114 00:06:41,380 --> 00:06:44,380 about muscles, bones, and rehabilitation.