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hello guys once again and welcome back to the chapter number seven related to civil wars in

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castile and in anagon but first of all just remind you that uh when we were talking about the unit

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seven about cities in the in the middle age in europe at the end of the church chapter we were

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talking about the black death if you remember was a very big problem that started in 1347 in spain

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in 1348 and spread through all of europe killing million of people because of this

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the amount of farmer was reduced and the economy was in danger so novelty started to increase

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taxes and because of that several problems started to appear what kind of

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problems a lot of different for example problems between farmers and novels

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problem problems between novelty but also problems between novelty and the

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crown this is what we are going to study today what was that problems yesterday

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or the other day we were talking about the kingdom of navarre and we mentioned one of that problem in

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navarre if you remember when the queen of navarre died in 1441 her husband king john ii of aragon

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declared himself as regent he was not agree about his son becoming the new king so because of that

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There were two group of nobles, the Agramonteses and the Veamonteses, that

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support different people and a civil war started from 1451 to 1512 when Ferdinand

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the Catholic finally conquered Navarre and was unified to the crown of Castile.

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so that was one of these civil wars that we are going to mention or that we

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already mentioned related to Navarre but today we are going to talk about another

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civil wars that happened in the crown of Castile and in the crown of Aragon but

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first of all let me to remind something about the Black Death and the pogroms

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what is a pogrom just give me a couple of minutes so if you remember the Black

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Death came from Asia in Genoese ships and it arrived to the Iberian Peninsula

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in 1348 because of the bad harvest that happened in that period of time a lot of

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farmers died so rural areas were abandoned what does it mean that there

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is a drop in the incomes there are less money so the novelty receive less money

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a decrease in the taxes but the novelty didn't accept the situation and what

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they are going to do is to increase the peace and taxes. So this is just

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something that is going to remove everybody and it's going to create a lot

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of problems that we are going to mention in a couple of minutes. On the other hand,

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related to the pogroms, if you remember when the Black Death appeared, it seems

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that it didn't didn't affect in the same way to the youth so the youth were blamed for that crisis

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remember that we mentioned that the christian thought that the youth were poisoned the water

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the public water so from 1391 they started to appear attacks on jewish quarters in various

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cities such as the one in Toledo that was so critical they burn and kill a lot

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of people just because they were used the problem with the use is going to

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last up until 1492 when they were forced to abandon the Iberian Peninsula but as

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as I mentioned it started in 1391 with the attacks on Jewish quarter and this

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attacks is what it's called pogroms and it's something that is not going to

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happen only in the Iberian Peninsula also in France in Italy Germany and so

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one so it was a very important problem all around Europe so now that we know

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how was the situation in the middle of the 14th century and in the end of the

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14th century let's go to focus in the different conflicts that affect the

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crown of Aragon and the crown of Castile in the crown of Aragon we have to

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mention three different problems one related to the king related to the graph

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to the crown another one in the countryside and the third one in the

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cities so the first one related to the king is because in 1410 the king of

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of aragon the king martin died without and her so

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there was an assembly in the city of caspe

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that is in aragon nowadays that is called the compromise

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of caspe that it was held in 1412 where representative of catalonia

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aragon and valencia decided that they have to elect

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One new king. There were several candidates. For example, the Count of Ugell or Ferdinand of Antequera from the dynasty of the Trastámara.

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Finally, Ferdinand of Antequera was elected the king.

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It was called Ferdinand of Antequera because he was the responsible of the conquering of the city of Antequera in Malaga because of the reconquest.

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So, we have a new king in Aragon with a new dynasty, but there were more problems.

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We mentioned that there were one in the countryside and another one in the cities.

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In the countryside, the nobles made life for peasants increasingly difficult, increasing

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the rent and enforcing stricter malus usos i mean because of the black death there were less taxes

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so they decided to recover ancient power that the nobles had that they wanted to impose once again

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They were feudal abuses, to abuse, and these abuse are called in Spanish malos usos.

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Because of this, the peasants revolt, and this revolt was called the revolt of the remenses,

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la revuelta de los payenses de remensa.

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If you want to know anything else about this conflict, you have here more information in Spanish, but just I want you to remember that there was a conflict in the countryside between peasants and novelty, because they recovered several feudal abuses.

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The other problem was related to cities. The conflict reached crisis point in Barcelona.

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Barcelona was the central point, the focus of this revolt.

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This revolt was between two groups that in Spanish are called Busca and Viga.

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Busca was a group of artisans and traders against the Viga that was made up by nobles

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and rich bourgeois.

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Finally the Viga controlled the situation and Busca was defeated.

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conflicts ended in a civil war from 1462 till 1472 the privileged classes and the

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King John the second finally they they won the conflict but many problems

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remain unresolved we will have to wait more years to be resolved for example

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the problem with the pages of remains a problem in the countryside because of

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the malus usos because of the fatal abuses secondly here you have more

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information about the problem busca and bigger finally we are going to talk about

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the other crown the crown of castle what we have to say of course they were also

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affect because of this crisis in the 14th century that is going to last up

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until the 15th century this crisis is going to mean a confrontation between

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the novelty and the monarchy we are going to face two different civil wars

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the first one was between 1366 till 1369 this was a civil war between two

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brothers the King Peter Peter the crow again his brother his illegitimate

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brother Henry Henry of Trestamara Trestamara did I mention this surname

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before yes i did if you remember when aragon didn't have a king they made the compromise of

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caspe and among all the people that could be elected they decided that fernando de antequera

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from the trastamara dynasty became the king of aragon

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so the battle the first castilian civil war

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was between the king pitcher and his brother from the trastamara

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dynasty finally henry of trastamara

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won the conflict and became the king as henry ii

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so in castile and in aragon we have the same dynasty governing the different crowns so they

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had ties or straight ties both together one of the problem was that henry ii looked for supported by

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the novelty so when he became the king in return he had to grant it lands to the novels to thank

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then for their support this would be a problem that is going to last up until the end of the

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15th century the second castilian war it was almost at the end of the 15th century between

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the sis the daughter of the king and the sister of the king the king was henry iv

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And the confrontation was between Isabella, Isabella the Catholic, that you already have heard about this woman before, Isabella the Catholic against Joana la Beltraneja, Henry's daughter.

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So, nephew against aunt. Finally, Isabella is going to be the one that won the conflict and proclaim herself queen of Castile.

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So, finally, she's going to be controlling the whole Castile, and finally she's going to get married with Ferdinand the Catholic of Aragon.

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If you know, finally, they are going to unify both of the kingdoms.

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Okay, guys, with this information, I'm going to finish today about the conflicts that affect Castile and Aragon, the different conflicts, normally civil wars, two in Castile, and different conflicts in Aragon, so we will continue probably tomorrow, and we are going to end with the book of history.

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then i will i will just set you free you won't have to do anything apart from doing your

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summarizes in your notebook and if this period of time is going to continue because we cannot

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go out of our place then i will send you more exercises and we will start with the book of

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geography so be ready for geography okay guys see you soon i hope you are doing well

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and

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have fun

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bye