1 00:00:21,870 --> 00:00:38,390 Oh, don't worry. It was just a dream. 2 00:00:38,829 --> 00:00:40,770 You just dream about earthquakes and mountains. 3 00:00:41,229 --> 00:00:43,729 Do you want to know how mountains are formed and earthquakes happen? 4 00:00:44,270 --> 00:00:46,210 Okay. Do you have a jigsaw puzzle? 5 00:00:47,390 --> 00:00:50,869 Okay. Bring that jigsaw puzzle and start solving it. 6 00:00:51,689 --> 00:00:52,969 Hello. What are you doing? 7 00:00:53,570 --> 00:00:56,329 Ah, you're making a jigsaw puzzle. I love those. 8 00:00:57,210 --> 00:00:58,729 Wow. That's amazing. 9 00:00:59,210 --> 00:01:00,770 You can put the whole puzzle together. 10 00:01:00,770 --> 00:01:02,289 No wonder you're so happy. 11 00:01:02,289 --> 00:01:06,230 Do you know that our Earth is really like a jigsaw puzzle? 12 00:01:07,150 --> 00:01:09,890 Well, it is. Would you like to know more about it? 13 00:01:10,349 --> 00:01:16,090 The Earth we see is like this globe, round like a ball and full of land and water. 14 00:01:16,510 --> 00:01:20,489 But beneath all this land and ocean, there's a big, hidden jigsaw puzzle. 15 00:01:21,409 --> 00:01:25,629 Did you know that the inside of the Earth is made of hot molten rock called mantle? 16 00:01:25,870 --> 00:01:29,109 The crust we live on floats on top of this mantle. 17 00:01:29,969 --> 00:01:33,890 However, Earth's crust is not a single continuous solid land. 18 00:01:34,209 --> 00:01:37,890 In fact, it is broken in many pieces, like a jigsaw puzzle. 19 00:01:38,510 --> 00:01:41,510 These parts of the Earth's crust are called tectonic plates. 20 00:01:44,989 --> 00:01:47,769 Oh, I didn't mean dinner plates. 21 00:01:48,329 --> 00:01:54,310 Tectonic plates are huge, huge pieces of Earth on which the continents and oceans are made. 22 00:01:56,549 --> 00:01:58,629 Very good. It's quite like that. 23 00:01:58,629 --> 00:02:03,450 Remember, the jigsaw pieces that make up the Earth's crust are called tectonic plates. 24 00:02:04,530 --> 00:02:07,189 These plates keep floating, but not on water. 25 00:02:07,510 --> 00:02:10,250 They float on the hot, molten inner layers of the Earth. 26 00:02:11,370 --> 00:02:13,250 Oh, we're not going anywhere soon, my friend. 27 00:02:13,610 --> 00:02:16,389 The tectonic plates move, but very slowly. 28 00:02:16,969 --> 00:02:20,250 Their speed is way slower than the growth of your fingernails. 29 00:02:21,189 --> 00:02:21,569 Ouch! 30 00:02:22,430 --> 00:02:23,590 Oh, don't be so sad. 31 00:02:24,050 --> 00:02:26,449 Even though tectonic plates move very slowly, 32 00:02:27,449 --> 00:02:30,389 This slow movement creates the world as we know it. 33 00:02:30,750 --> 00:02:33,550 It can also sometimes cause a lot of havoc and problems. 34 00:02:34,409 --> 00:02:35,090 Don't believe me? 35 00:02:35,349 --> 00:02:39,750 The whole landscape around us is a result of the movement of tectonic plates. 36 00:02:39,750 --> 00:02:44,169 This movement can cause earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and trenches. 37 00:02:44,750 --> 00:02:45,990 Let me explain in detail. 38 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:53,780 Land features such as mountain formations and events such as earthquakes 39 00:02:53,780 --> 00:02:57,039 happen due to the continuous movement of the tectonic plates. 40 00:02:57,039 --> 00:03:01,199 As these plates keep moving around the Earth's surface, they shape our world. 41 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:05,360 As the tectonic plates move, they collide with each other. 42 00:03:06,199 --> 00:03:08,460 The plates can collide in many ways. 43 00:03:09,439 --> 00:03:14,400 Sometimes, when two tectonic plates move towards each other, one of them is forced downwards. 44 00:03:15,039 --> 00:03:16,560 This is called subduction. 45 00:03:17,599 --> 00:03:21,000 Yet sometimes when they push against each other, they are both crumpled. 46 00:03:21,379 --> 00:03:22,780 This is called uplift. 47 00:03:23,460 --> 00:03:26,680 You'll be surprised to learn that this is how the Himalayas were formed. 48 00:03:27,039 --> 00:03:33,219 So you see, the slow movement of tectonic plates can create something as huge as Mount Everest. 49 00:03:34,099 --> 00:03:38,039 This movement also creates one of the biggest natural disasters of the world. 50 00:03:41,939 --> 00:03:44,539 At times, the tectonic plates collide sideways. 51 00:03:45,060 --> 00:03:47,139 This is called the transform movement. 52 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:53,800 Whoa! We were in an earthquake just now! 53 00:03:54,199 --> 00:03:56,580 You did the right thing by running out of your home into the open. 54 00:03:56,879 --> 00:03:58,979 It's safer to be outdoors during an earthquake. 55 00:03:59,699 --> 00:04:02,020 Do you want to know why earthquakes happen? 56 00:04:02,740 --> 00:04:05,819 First tell me, how do tectonic plates collide with each other? 57 00:04:09,469 --> 00:04:13,330 Correct. Now, sometimes the plates get locked together while moving. 58 00:04:13,750 --> 00:04:18,589 Naturally, this happens at the plate boundaries, where two different tectonic plates meet. 59 00:04:19,089 --> 00:04:21,089 These boundaries are called fault lines. 60 00:04:21,610 --> 00:04:25,209 As the plates try to move, a lot of friction and stress builds up. 61 00:04:25,870 --> 00:04:29,870 Eventually, when the blockage gives way, this stored energy is released. 62 00:04:29,870 --> 00:04:34,089 The point beneath the Earth's surface where it is all stored is called the hypocenter. 63 00:04:34,990 --> 00:04:38,430 When the released energy reaches the surface, we feel the Earth shaking. 64 00:04:38,810 --> 00:04:39,870 This is an earthquake. 65 00:04:40,290 --> 00:04:45,110 The point on the surface which is directly above the hypocenter is known as the epicenter. 66 00:04:45,589 --> 00:04:47,990 An earthquake is strongest at the epicenter. 67 00:04:48,769 --> 00:04:50,750 Well, you learned a lot about our Earth today. 68 00:04:51,050 --> 00:04:51,870 Do you remember it? 69 00:04:52,430 --> 00:04:54,550 You remember what tectonic plates are, right? 70 00:04:55,269 --> 00:04:55,990 Oh, well. 71 00:04:56,389 --> 00:04:58,189 Do you remember what we learned about the mountains? 72 00:04:58,189 --> 00:05:01,209 And what did you understand about the earthquakes? 73 00:05:02,149 --> 00:05:06,430 Well, at least now you know the connection between tectonic plates, mountains, and earthquakes. 74 00:05:07,470 --> 00:05:09,069 Or maybe not.