1 00:00:11,310 --> 00:00:16,190 Napoleon was born in 1789, the 15th of August, in Corsica. 2 00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:19,929 He was educated in a military school. 3 00:00:21,510 --> 00:00:28,050 He was promoted and he became commander of the French army in 1796 in Italy. 4 00:00:29,670 --> 00:00:31,609 Let's talk about his reputation. 5 00:00:32,530 --> 00:00:38,689 The Napoleonic Code put an end to the feudal system and created individual rights for the lower and middle classes. 6 00:00:38,689 --> 00:00:45,090 His military strategies are still studied today. 7 00:00:45,090 --> 00:00:50,469 He spread religious tolerance and appreciation for arts and science. 8 00:00:50,469 --> 00:00:59,740 He also put an end to the Spanish Inquisition and gained the name Antichrist from the Pope 9 00:00:59,740 --> 00:01:03,740 because he spread toleration for the Jews and the Protestants. 10 00:01:04,739 --> 00:01:14,590 Napoleon, when some agreements made with the Catholic Church were broken by the new reforms, 11 00:01:14,590 --> 00:01:29,939 He carried out several reforms and an example of a domestic one was his code, the Napoleonic Code, that was a way to spread a legal system among his empire. 12 00:01:32,500 --> 00:01:46,439 An example of a foreign reform was when he blocked the British island with a secret alliance with Russia and no vote could enter or even go out from the British island. 13 00:01:46,439 --> 00:01:58,370 In Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoléon Bonaparte is crowned Napoleon I, the first 14 00:01:58,370 --> 00:02:04,469 Frenchman to hold the title of emperor in a thousand years. 15 00:02:04,469 --> 00:02:13,069 Pope Pius VII handed Napoleon the crown that, in 35 years, all conquerors of Europe placed 16 00:02:13,069 --> 00:02:18,810 on his own head. 17 00:02:18,810 --> 00:02:26,590 By 1799, France was at war with most of Europe, and Napoleon returned it home from his Egyptian 18 00:02:26,590 --> 00:02:35,710 campaign to take over the reigns of French government and save his nation from collapse. 19 00:02:35,710 --> 00:02:45,669 After becoming first consul in February 1800, he reorganized his armies and defeated Austria. 20 00:02:45,669 --> 00:02:54,289 In 1802, he established the Napoleonic Code, a new system of French law, and in 1804, he 21 00:02:54,289 --> 00:02:58,229 established the French Empire. 22 00:02:58,229 --> 00:03:05,050 By 1807, Napoleon's empire stretched from the River Elbe in the north, down through 23 00:03:05,050 --> 00:03:11,349 Italy in the south, and from the Pyrenees to the Dalmatian coast. 24 00:03:11,349 --> 00:03:18,990 Beginning 1812, Napoleon began to encounter the first significant defeats of his military career, 25 00:03:20,009 --> 00:03:27,409 suffering through a disastrous invasion of Russia, losing Spain to the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War. 26 00:03:28,909 --> 00:03:35,610 Exiled to the island of Elba, he escaped to France in early 1815 27 00:03:35,610 --> 00:03:51,909 and raised a new grand army that enjoyed temporary success before its crushing defeat at Waterloo against an allied force and under Wellington on June 18, 1815. 28 00:03:51,909 --> 00:04:03,909 The title emphasised that the Emperor ruled over the French people, the nation, and not over France, the Republic. 29 00:04:03,909 --> 00:04:13,909 The title was purposely created to preserve the appearance of the French Republic and to show that after the French Revolution, 30 00:04:13,909 --> 00:04:23,910 The feudal system was abandoned and a nation-state was created, with equal citizens as the subject of the emperor. 31 00:04:23,910 --> 00:04:30,910 Now we're going to talk about the Waterloo battle that was a fight that took place in Waterloo, the 18th of June of 1815, 32 00:04:30,910 --> 00:04:43,100 between the French army of Napoleon against the British, Dutch and German troops led by the Duke of Wellington. 33 00:04:43,100 --> 00:04:47,100 Napoleon's army was aligned in a parallel way from the Wellington's army. 34 00:04:47,100 --> 00:04:50,600 This day would change the Europe's history. 35 00:04:50,600 --> 00:04:56,600 Napoleon had prepared the attack for the 10.30 but it rained a lot during the night so the ground was too soft for the cavalry. 36 00:04:56,600 --> 00:05:03,600 The assault was postponed till 1 o'clock in the afternoon and the French started a bombing against the Hougoumont castle. 37 00:05:05,100 --> 00:05:08,600 At 1 o'clock in the afternoon, when Napoleon was preparing to attack, 38 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:16,100 a messenger brought the bad news that the Prussian troop of 30,000 men was approaching from the direction of Wabri. 39 00:05:17,100 --> 00:05:20,420 Picton's fierce counter-attacks, backed by Axbridge cavalry, 40 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:24,540 held the French, although with difficulties and with a huge cost. 41 00:05:24,980 --> 00:05:28,139 Picton died and Axbridge lost one leg from a cannon shot, 42 00:05:28,139 --> 00:05:32,800 while approximately 40% of his men were killed, held captive or wounded. 43 00:05:35,560 --> 00:05:40,040 However, their sacrifice was worth it, as the French attack stopped short. 44 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,500 The English had defeated the first French assault. 45 00:05:46,709 --> 00:05:49,730 Ney and Kellerman had not thought of asking Napoleon for permission 46 00:05:49,730 --> 00:05:54,050 before launching after the retreating Allied troops, the Prussians had begun appearing at 47 00:05:54,050 --> 00:05:59,089 the edge of the battlefield and an hour later Napoleon was forced to reinforce the 6th Army 48 00:05:59,089 --> 00:06:08,040 Corps of Lobau. In an attempt to drill the center of Wellington, Napoleon ordered the Old Guard, 49 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:19,329 who were soldiers who had never been defeated, to attack. The English soldiers were hiding behind 50 00:06:19,329 --> 00:06:33,730 the ridge and they were able to surprise the French and attack them. At 5 next day, Napoleon 51 00:06:33,730 --> 00:06:39,250 was back in charleroi on his way to paris and on june 22nd he abdicated for the second time 52 00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:44,680 then he finally went to paris