1
00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:20,300
Hello everyone, we are going to start with the Unit 7. The title is the Interwar Period. So we are going to talk about Europe, the evolution of the different countries in Europe from 1918, it means the end of the First World War, until 1939, the beginning of the Second World War.

2
00:00:20,300 --> 00:00:27,640
Okay, remember within this period we are going to have the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War.

3
00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:31,039
Remember the Spanish Civil War started in 1939.

4
00:00:31,620 --> 00:00:36,600
So let's see what we are going to study in this unit.

5
00:00:37,219 --> 00:00:40,659
So first we are going to talk about the characteristics of this interwar period.

6
00:00:40,659 --> 00:00:44,420
It means the characteristics in general in Europe in this period.

7
00:00:45,100 --> 00:00:48,640
Okay, after that we are going to see what is happening in the USA.

8
00:00:48,640 --> 00:00:54,880
Because after the First World War, the USA is going to be the most important economy in the world.

9
00:00:55,539 --> 00:01:02,859
So Europe is going to lose power in favor of the USA, in favor of the United States.

10
00:01:04,099 --> 00:01:11,040
In third place, what we are going to have is the crisis of 1929.

11
00:01:11,480 --> 00:01:16,519
So this one is going to be a little bit more difficult, but we will study it slowly and you'll understand it.

12
00:01:16,519 --> 00:01:23,000
the fascism in it in italy we are going to talk about mussolini and we are going to talk about

13
00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:29,159
the the fascist regime also we are going to talk about nazism in germany how hitler is going to

14
00:01:29,159 --> 00:01:36,519
reach power we are going to talk about the nazist regime itself it means the characteristics of a

15
00:01:36,519 --> 00:01:43,439
totalitarian system you'll see that we are going to see a totalitarian system not only in nazi

16
00:01:43,439 --> 00:01:52,060
Germany, but also in Stalin's Soviet Union. It means these two countries are going to have a

17
00:01:52,060 --> 00:02:02,000
totalitarian system, even though they are going to have two different political ideologies or

18
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:07,379
systems, okay? But they are going to establish this specific system that is a totalitarian system

19
00:02:07,379 --> 00:02:13,919
in the nazi regime and in stalin's dictatorship okay so we are going to see these seven levels

20
00:02:13,919 --> 00:02:18,280
these seven these seven ideas these seven points and we are going to start today with the

21
00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:22,599
characteristics of the interwar period we are going to see what happened in europe after the

22
00:02:22,599 --> 00:02:28,139
first world war okay so let's check these characteristics the first thing is that we

23
00:02:28,139 --> 00:02:34,020
are going to see global economic imbalances what is this what is the meaning of this it means that

24
00:02:34,020 --> 00:02:40,599
we are not going to have a period of economic growth after the first world war okay so who is

25
00:02:40,599 --> 00:02:49,960
going to benefit from the first world war the usa the the united states why basically because the

26
00:02:49,960 --> 00:02:55,199
usa is going to participate in the first world war at the end second because the usa is going

27
00:02:55,199 --> 00:03:01,000
to participate in the second world war but it's going to fight in europe not in within its own

28
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:06,000
territory so they are not going to suffer the consequences of the war also

29
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:12,439
because the number of soldiers is going to be a small in comparison with the

30
00:03:12,439 --> 00:03:19,300
other countries like Britain or like Germany for example so first none of

31
00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:22,800
his land had been destroyed remember this is the map of the First World War

32
00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:29,919
the front sat here in the in the Western Front and in the Eastern Front which

33
00:03:29,919 --> 00:03:36,599
countries are going to suffer the First World War France the UK Belgium the

34
00:03:36,599 --> 00:03:46,000
Netherlands Germany Italy Hungary the Balkans and Russia but not the USA so

35
00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:50,500
the USA is a strong country with a strong economy and Europe is going to

36
00:03:50,500 --> 00:03:57,000
start depending on the USA before the USA entered in the war these countries

37
00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:03,659
like Great Britain or France they were asking loans to the USA it means they were asking for

38
00:04:03,659 --> 00:04:12,719
money to the USA to buy new weapons to buy new new bullets etc so the idea is France and Great

39
00:04:12,719 --> 00:04:21,339
Britain or Europe in general now are going to depend on the USA economy okay second the human

40
00:04:21,339 --> 00:04:29,240
losses, as I said, were pretty small. It means they were a few, not that much. If we compare

41
00:04:29,240 --> 00:04:35,060
them, for example, in the countries that belong to the Entente, as you can see, the US lost

42
00:04:35,060 --> 00:04:43,360
a 2% of the total. Most of them were Russians, also French and British. If you check the

43
00:04:43,360 --> 00:04:50,500
makes sense, right? French, British and Russian. Remember all this territory

44
00:04:50,500 --> 00:04:59,439
being occupied, advancing to Moscow by the Germans and the

45
00:04:59,439 --> 00:05:07,199
Austro-Hungarians. So that's the idea, okay? We are going to have a small

46
00:05:07,199 --> 00:05:16,379
human losses okay the next step would be that the products of the usa are going to invade the global

47
00:05:16,379 --> 00:05:22,319
markets what does it mean imagine before the war before the first world war we were talking about

48
00:05:22,319 --> 00:05:29,480
imperialism about europeans creating different colonies and we were seeing we were or i was

49
00:05:29,480 --> 00:05:35,600
explaining that they created these colonies in order to have cheap raw materials cheap workers

50
00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:42,019
etc so what we are going to see now is these countries that they have been fighting in the

51
00:05:42,019 --> 00:05:49,459
first world war okay they have used all their products all their resources in order to fight

52
00:05:49,459 --> 00:05:55,399
in the war so what is going to happen after the first world war the the countries the european

53
00:05:55,399 --> 00:06:01,040
countries are destroyed they were controlling the economic the economic

54
00:06:01,040 --> 00:06:09,759
characteristics or the the transactions economic transactions in the world and now it's going to

55
00:06:09,759 --> 00:06:16,139
be the usa that is powerful that has defeated germany and austral hungary that has not lost

56
00:06:16,139 --> 00:06:25,060
that much people and their lands are has not been destroyed so the thing is they have their

57
00:06:25,060 --> 00:06:31,519
production their industries okay intact so they are perfect they can use them so they are going

58
00:06:31,519 --> 00:06:37,540
to start producing a lot and they are going to start selling in the global markets so if europe

59
00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:42,040
is destroyed and they cannot sell products or produce products who is going to produce these

60
00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:48,740
products the usa because they have not suffered the destruction of their lands and they have lost

61
00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:58,100
small humans, but a small number of humans, okay? So, that's the idea. The USA is in a good position

62
00:06:58,100 --> 00:07:08,079
in the international sphere because the USA has not been damaged by the First World War. On the

63
00:07:08,079 --> 00:07:14,740
contrary, it's taking advantage of it, selling their products in the global markets after this

64
00:07:14,740 --> 00:07:22,459
this conflict also the u.s is going to become the world's leader leading economic power economic

65
00:07:22,459 --> 00:07:28,899
power it means as they are selling all over the world as they are controlling the global markets

66
00:07:28,899 --> 00:07:36,199
they are going to be the most important economic power in the world more than the soviet union

67
00:07:36,199 --> 00:07:39,139
more than Great Britain, more than France, etc.

68
00:07:39,620 --> 00:07:48,879
For example, just some data, 44.8% of the industrial production in the world is American.

69
00:07:49,720 --> 00:07:54,180
So the United States are producing most of the industries in the world.

70
00:07:54,899 --> 00:07:59,220
Before the First World War was Great Britain, Germany and France.

71
00:07:59,220 --> 00:08:06,360
Now, after the First World War, when these three countries lost most of their industries,

72
00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:14,139
is the United States the one that is producing the vast majority of the industrial products.

73
00:08:15,339 --> 00:08:22,199
So that's why the United States is going to be the strongest economic power after the First World War.

74
00:08:24,060 --> 00:08:28,360
Second, these European countries are going to become poorer.

75
00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:39,200
It means they are not going to have that much money because most of the lands, the European lands, have been destroyed because most of the human losses are going to be British, French, etc.

76
00:08:39,539 --> 00:08:51,899
But not only for that, the consequences of this is that the agricultural industrial production is going to decline, is going to tend to decline.

77
00:08:51,899 --> 00:08:56,840
remember the United States for example related with industrial production they are going to

78
00:08:56,840 --> 00:09:05,659
produce almost the 50% of the world production okay so it means this situation led the US to

79
00:09:05,659 --> 00:09:11,559
be the most important or the most powerful economic power and the European countries to

80
00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:16,940
become poorer why because their land has been destroyed so they do not produce the agricultural

81
00:09:16,940 --> 00:09:22,700
production is going to be a decrease as well as the industrial production also

82
00:09:22,700 --> 00:09:28,460
what is the problem with Europe I said before during the first world war the

83
00:09:28,460 --> 00:09:33,740
European countries need money in order to pay the man the ammunition or to pay

84
00:09:33,740 --> 00:09:41,200
the the weapons who they are going to ask the money to whom to the US so the

85
00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:46,360
US is going to provide with loans to the European countries but after the war

86
00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:51,580
what is the duty of the European countries to give back the money to the

87
00:09:51,580 --> 00:09:58,720
US so thanks to that they are even poorer why because their agricultural

88
00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:04,899
industrial production has been decreased vale in comparison with the United

89
00:10:04,899 --> 00:10:12,159
States but also they need to pay back all the loans that the US give to them

90
00:10:12,159 --> 00:10:18,539
this is the money they need to give back so if you see france needs to give this amount of money to

91
00:10:18,539 --> 00:10:24,519
the u.s great britain to the u.s france to great britain and other countries to the u.s great

92
00:10:24,519 --> 00:10:32,039
britain and france so all this money that needs to give to be given back to the countries at the

93
00:10:32,039 --> 00:10:37,299
end is going to go back to the u.s you see this goes to the u.s this goes to great britain but

94
00:10:37,299 --> 00:10:43,379
part of it goes to the US this goes to France but part of it goes to the US and to Great Britain

95
00:10:43,379 --> 00:10:50,639
so and so on so it means the US during the first world war was giving loans it means money to Great

96
00:10:50,639 --> 00:10:56,700
Britain to France to other countries to keep fighting okay but after the war they need to

97
00:10:56,700 --> 00:11:05,019
give back to the US all these loans so that's why Europe is even poorer because the agricultural

98
00:11:05,019 --> 00:11:09,100
industrial production has diminished or has declined and also because they need

99
00:11:09,100 --> 00:11:18,340
to pay back these loans okay finally we need to understand that this relation

100
00:11:18,340 --> 00:11:24,779
between the US and all the European countries is going to affect the crisis

101
00:11:24,779 --> 00:11:32,379
in 1929 it means when this crisis started in the US as all these countries

102
00:11:32,379 --> 00:11:34,179
are in debt with the US

103
00:11:34,179 --> 00:11:36,500
or depends on the money, the loans

104
00:11:36,500 --> 00:11:38,440
of the US. When the US is in

105
00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:40,279
crisis, this crisis is going to spread to

106
00:11:40,279 --> 00:11:42,340
Great Britain, to France, and to

107
00:11:42,340 --> 00:11:44,019
other countries in Europe. It means

108
00:11:44,019 --> 00:11:46,460
Germany

109
00:11:46,460 --> 00:11:47,600
or

110
00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:49,059
even Spain.

111
00:11:50,279 --> 00:11:52,220
So that's the idea. The global economy

112
00:11:52,220 --> 00:11:53,700
was linked, unida,

113
00:11:54,259 --> 00:11:55,940
and dependent on,

114
00:11:56,059 --> 00:11:57,740
dependia, on the USA.

115
00:11:58,120 --> 00:12:00,100
As a result, the economic crisis

116
00:12:00,100 --> 00:12:02,240
in 1929 had a

117
00:12:02,240 --> 00:12:09,960
global effect, it means as the crisis started in the US and all these countries were in

118
00:12:09,960 --> 00:12:19,379
debt with the US, this crisis affected Great Britain, France and these other countries.

119
00:12:19,379 --> 00:12:25,840
So this is the first point, to understand the economic situation in the European world.

120
00:12:25,840 --> 00:12:32,879
So the first one is the US benefited from the First World War and the situation of Europe

121
00:12:32,879 --> 00:12:38,299
that is even poorer, it's becoming poorer.

122
00:12:38,299 --> 00:12:45,279
The second aspect that we need to see related with Europe after the First World War is the

123
00:12:45,279 --> 00:12:47,740
effects of the Russian Revolution.

124
00:12:47,740 --> 00:12:53,059
The Russian Revolution is going to be really important in Europe because it's going to

125
00:12:53,059 --> 00:13:00,259
be an option for socialist and communist parties in the european countries it means for example

126
00:13:00,259 --> 00:13:06,419
in great britain the communist party is going to say okay if the revolution has succeeded in russia

127
00:13:06,419 --> 00:13:13,200
this revolution can also succeed in great britain so what we are going to see is this russian

128
00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:20,539
revolution okay affecting to the european countries as a possibility this revolution

129
00:13:20,539 --> 00:13:25,980
is showing to the european countries that the revolution is possible and it's possible this

130
00:13:25,980 --> 00:13:33,179
revolution to succeed okay so let's go step by step the first thing is you need to understand

131
00:13:33,179 --> 00:13:40,940
that this revolution is going to be seen as possible because the economic and social situation

132
00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:48,000
in europe is critical okay remember after the first world war we have seen great britain is

133
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:52,940
in debt, and France is in debt with the U.S. Also, the agricultural and industrial production

134
00:13:52,940 --> 00:13:58,759
has decreased. They are in an important economic crisis. Also, if you think of the social aspect,

135
00:13:59,500 --> 00:14:08,399
many people, many different people have died in the First World War. So, there is a social

136
00:14:08,399 --> 00:14:12,559
and economic crisis. What is going to happen in these countries, in Great Britain, France,

137
00:14:12,620 --> 00:14:16,639
and Germany, and Italy? They are going to see this revolution as possible, and they

138
00:14:16,639 --> 00:14:22,460
are going to carry out different strikes demonstrations etc in order to try to

139
00:14:22,460 --> 00:14:31,220
carry out a revolution like the Russian okay so the idea is this economic and

140
00:14:31,220 --> 00:14:36,919
social crisis in this European countries after the first world war is going to

141
00:14:36,919 --> 00:14:42,980
lead to a possible revolution this revolution are going to fail but they

142
00:14:42,980 --> 00:14:47,059
are going that the socialist the socialist parties and communist parties

143
00:14:47,059 --> 00:14:52,600
are going to fight to carry out a revolution like the Russian Revolution

144
00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:58,700
for example this is in Germany okay these are the revolutionaries using

145
00:14:58,700 --> 00:15:03,759
different machine guns remember created during the second industrial revolution

146
00:15:03,759 --> 00:15:08,360
okay before the industrial revolution there is no machine guns so now they can

147
00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:15,740
use them okay thanks to that they are fighting okay in the different in the on the streets in

148
00:15:15,740 --> 00:15:23,600
the cities in order to achieve power and carry out a revolution like the russian one okay they

149
00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:32,039
want to carry out a revolution a violent revolution a military coup in order to have a revolution to

150
00:15:32,039 --> 00:15:34,120
make possible

151
00:15:34,120 --> 00:15:36,860
to establish a socialist

152
00:15:36,860 --> 00:15:38,820
or a communist country

153
00:15:38,820 --> 00:15:40,559
in Great Britain,

154
00:15:40,779 --> 00:15:41,820
France, Germany, etc.

155
00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:44,799
What is the answer of the

156
00:15:44,799 --> 00:15:46,820
states? What is the answer of the governments?

157
00:15:47,919 --> 00:15:48,659
Or how

158
00:15:48,659 --> 00:15:49,919
they are going to face

159
00:15:49,919 --> 00:15:52,080
these revolutionary movements?

160
00:15:52,379 --> 00:15:54,399
They are going to end with the

161
00:15:54,399 --> 00:15:56,539
demonstrations and they are going

162
00:15:56,539 --> 00:15:57,860
to end with the

163
00:15:57,860 --> 00:16:00,559
trade unions' rights. It means

164
00:16:00,559 --> 00:16:05,200
they are going to end with the right to free speech

165
00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,100
they are going to end with the right of free association

166
00:16:08,100 --> 00:16:10,679
they are going to end with the

167
00:16:10,679 --> 00:16:12,700
I don't know, with the paro

168
00:16:12,700 --> 00:16:14,200
they are going to end with the

169
00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:18,700
they are going to prohibit or to banish the demonstrations or the strikes

170
00:16:18,700 --> 00:16:21,820
so what they are going to use is the army and the police

171
00:16:21,820 --> 00:16:25,600
in order to control these revolutionary movements

172
00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:29,840
these revolutionary movements that they are looking to the Russian revolution

173
00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:38,259
okay and they are going to try to establish a communist system using the same way the russians

174
00:16:38,259 --> 00:16:47,080
the bolsheviks has used in russia the third one is this union socialist and communist parties are

175
00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:53,200
going to become stronger you can say okay if they are stronger how they are going to be defeated

176
00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:59,120
well they are going to become stronger but not strong enough to defeat the government okay

177
00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:04,019
Because the government has the army, has the police on his side, okay?

178
00:17:04,599 --> 00:17:08,720
The socialist and communist parties are going to have weapons, yes.

179
00:17:09,319 --> 00:17:14,740
They are going to fight with these weapons and they could succeed and establish a communist revolution.

180
00:17:15,079 --> 00:17:24,180
Well, they tried and maybe they could, but they didn't have enough support, social support, to carry out the revolution, okay?

181
00:17:24,740 --> 00:17:26,180
So they are going to fail.

182
00:17:26,180 --> 00:17:44,079
They are going to be stronger, okay, thanks to this Russian revolution, because these ideologies, okay, have succeeded in Russia, and they said, okay, socialism, communist society is possible in Russia, so it's possible in Great Britain, France, and Germany.

183
00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:48,819
But it's not going to succeed, okay?

184
00:17:48,819 --> 00:17:58,019
They are going to be stronger because the population is going to see that a revolution like the Russian is possible, but they are not going to succeed, okay?

185
00:18:00,559 --> 00:18:07,420
Finally, you need to think that democracy was the system in Great Britain or France before the First World War.

186
00:18:08,119 --> 00:18:16,819
And against democracy, we are going to have the proletarians and also the bourgeoisie that they are going to fear the revolution.

187
00:18:16,819 --> 00:18:24,099
okay let's stop a little here and let's think of this okay imagine we are in great britain

188
00:18:24,099 --> 00:18:31,079
in 1919 okay before the after the first world war okay we are going to have socialist and

189
00:18:31,079 --> 00:18:36,279
communist party that they are really strong because the population has seen that the russian

190
00:18:36,279 --> 00:18:39,960
revolution is possible that the revolution is possible so they are going to fight for the

191
00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:47,720
revolution meanwhile the governments are going to react they are going to face this revolutionary

192
00:18:47,720 --> 00:18:55,339
movements using weapons using the army using the everything they could okay the police etc okay

193
00:18:55,339 --> 00:19:02,700
so of course the democracy is attacking the revolution so it means the proletariats are

194
00:19:02,700 --> 00:19:11,680
only going to support a revolution okay if the democracy is not supporting the the trade union

195
00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:18,799
rights is not supporting to let them complain to carry out demonstrations they are only find

196
00:19:18,799 --> 00:19:25,839
acceptable the revolution in the other way the bourgeoisie that is supposed to support the

197
00:19:25,839 --> 00:19:31,880
democracy is going to say i do not trust the democracy because democracy led to the russian

198
00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:37,759
revolution remember karensky he established a parliament a parliament the duma he established

199
00:19:37,759 --> 00:19:44,400
an elections etc and finally he failed and he was the country finally

200
00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:55,200
the country finally ended in a communist in a communist state okay so what they are going to

201
00:19:55,200 --> 00:20:01,359
say is okay i cannot try the democracy i cannot trust democracy because the revolution is going

202
00:20:01,359 --> 00:20:08,400
to end with it so what i'm going to do is to support all the people that using weapons are

203
00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:16,799
going to fight the proletarians so if we look at the society for example in france in 1919 we are

204
00:20:16,799 --> 00:20:21,220
going to see proletarians that they are not going to support democracy they want to support the

205
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:27,220
revolution the bourgeoisie that they are supposed to support the democracy that they are not going

206
00:20:27,220 --> 00:20:29,259
to support the democracy

207
00:20:29,259 --> 00:20:31,259
either, they are going to support

208
00:20:31,259 --> 00:20:33,599
movements like fascism

209
00:20:33,599 --> 00:20:35,220
that they are going

210
00:20:35,220 --> 00:20:36,819
to fight against the revolution

211
00:20:36,819 --> 00:20:38,000
and proletariats

212
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:41,579
by force, using violence

213
00:20:41,579 --> 00:20:42,779
ok

214
00:20:42,779 --> 00:20:45,519
the last part is

215
00:20:45,519 --> 00:20:47,559
thanks to this situation

216
00:20:47,559 --> 00:20:49,259
like the democracy has not

217
00:20:49,259 --> 00:20:51,279
has not the support

218
00:20:51,279 --> 00:20:53,319
of the proletarians and the democracy

219
00:20:53,319 --> 00:20:54,480
not having

220
00:20:54,480 --> 00:20:56,660
the support of the bourgeoisie

221
00:20:56,660 --> 00:21:03,339
there is going to start a crisis the crisis of the democracy the crisis of this system

222
00:21:03,339 --> 00:21:08,839
and there are going to be two options in the democratic in the democratic countries

223
00:21:08,839 --> 00:21:15,880
or is a country with a strong democracy or is a country with a weak democracy okay

224
00:21:15,880 --> 00:21:24,200
in the countries with a strong democracy in in countries where democracy or parliamentarism

225
00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:31,059
was established one two hundred years ago okay in these countries like Great Britain there is

226
00:21:31,059 --> 00:21:40,099
not going to be problems socialists okay socialists are going to be integrated inside the political

227
00:21:40,099 --> 00:21:47,539
system the democratic system it means socialism was part of the system thanks to the universal

228
00:21:47,539 --> 00:21:51,119
suffrage it means in the countries where

229
00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:54,940
parliamentarism was stronger because this

230
00:21:54,940 --> 00:21:57,859
parliamentarism was established like 200

231
00:21:57,859 --> 00:22:01,319
years ago like Great Britain socialism is

232
00:22:01,319 --> 00:22:03,339
not going to support the revolution

233
00:22:03,339 --> 00:22:06,839
socialism is going to compete with the

234
00:22:06,839 --> 00:22:10,180
other countries in the elections in a

235
00:22:10,180 --> 00:22:13,759
democratic elections but for example

236
00:22:13,759 --> 00:22:15,839
France Belgium the Netherlands United

237
00:22:15,839 --> 00:22:21,440
kingdom sweden norway denmark sweden uh czechoslovakia and albania are different so we

238
00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:26,980
are going to talk about these countries remember spain is different spain is not going to have a

239
00:22:26,980 --> 00:22:33,000
parliamentary parliamentarism since 200 years ago i mean a strong parliamentarism we are going to

240
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:39,339
have a parliament but it's not going to be strong enough okay the other type of countries are those

241
00:22:39,339 --> 00:22:41,519
with little parliamentary tradition

242
00:22:41,519 --> 00:22:43,440
like all these countries

243
00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:45,299
they are going to

244
00:22:45,299 --> 00:22:47,140
establish parliaments or democracies

245
00:22:47,140 --> 00:22:48,619
after the first world war

246
00:22:48,619 --> 00:22:51,079
so what is going to happen

247
00:22:51,079 --> 00:22:53,220
these countries where

248
00:22:53,220 --> 00:22:54,799
the democracy is weak

249
00:22:54,799 --> 00:22:55,839
ok

250
00:22:55,839 --> 00:22:59,279
the governments are going to

251
00:22:59,279 --> 00:23:00,980
tend to establish an

252
00:23:00,980 --> 00:23:03,200
authoritarian political system

253
00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:05,279
it means a dictatorship

254
00:23:05,279 --> 00:23:06,640
Italy

255
00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:09,180
Germany, Poland

256
00:23:09,180 --> 00:23:11,980
all of these countries are going to

257
00:23:11,980 --> 00:23:16,349
become dictatorships

258
00:23:16,349 --> 00:23:18,990
so the idea is

259
00:23:18,990 --> 00:23:21,609
in the countries after the first world war

260
00:23:21,609 --> 00:23:23,910
in the countries with strong democracies

261
00:23:23,910 --> 00:23:25,890
they are going to keep the democracy

262
00:23:25,890 --> 00:23:29,670
and socialism is going to be part of the political system

263
00:23:29,670 --> 00:23:33,509
while in these countries with a weak

264
00:23:33,509 --> 00:23:36,150
parliamentary tradition it means where the

265
00:23:36,150 --> 00:23:40,289
democracy has been set after the first world war

266
00:23:40,289 --> 00:23:42,490
in these countries

267
00:23:42,490 --> 00:23:45,089
what they are going to tend is to establish

268
00:23:45,089 --> 00:23:47,369
dictatorships

269
00:23:47,369 --> 00:23:48,849
it means

270
00:23:48,849 --> 00:23:51,049
remember, proletarians

271
00:23:51,049 --> 00:23:53,069
are going to oppose to democracy and bourgeoisies

272
00:23:53,069 --> 00:23:54,269
are going to oppose to democracy

273
00:23:54,269 --> 00:23:57,089
in those countries where democracy is really

274
00:23:57,089 --> 00:23:58,430
strong, no problem

275
00:23:58,430 --> 00:24:01,069
these proletarians, the socialists, are going to

276
00:24:01,069 --> 00:24:02,150
be part of the democracy

277
00:24:02,150 --> 00:24:05,170
but in those where there is

278
00:24:05,170 --> 00:24:06,170
no strong democracy

279
00:24:06,170 --> 00:24:09,069
the proletarians are going to fight for the revolution

280
00:24:09,069 --> 00:24:12,789
while the bourgeoisie is going to fight against the revolution.

281
00:24:13,329 --> 00:24:15,750
What is the best way to end with the revolution?

282
00:24:16,569 --> 00:24:22,029
Establishing a dictatorship, establishing an authoritarian political system.

283
00:24:22,809 --> 00:24:32,029
So this is the reality in Europe after the First World War and before the Second World War.

284
00:24:32,029 --> 00:24:51,450
Okay? So what we have is this economic and social crisis, this threat, this revolutionary movement threatening democracy, and also the bourgeoisie that is going to react against the revolution by imposing authoritarian political systems.

285
00:24:51,450 --> 00:24:54,549
and this situation is going to be even worse

286
00:24:54,549 --> 00:25:00,470
thanks to the crisis of 1929

287
00:25:00,470 --> 00:25:02,210
and that's it