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Hello everyone. I hope you are doing well. I really miss you. We are going to talk today

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about morals. Do you remember morals? Here you'll find the list.

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Morals are verbs that we don't conjugate them. They don't use the S in the third person

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of singular. They always go with an infinitive without to and they make the question by inversion.

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So I say, I can't jump very high. And I question, can you jump very high? Morals are used for

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asking for permission. May I come in please? They are used for expressing ability. You

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can speak many languages. We use it to give orders. You mustn't talk very loud here. We

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use it to make some advices. So give a piece of advice. You should study more. You should

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do some exercise. But today we are not talking about morals in general. We are talking about

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morals of speculation. First, let's gonna talk about morals of speculation in the present.

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We got three possibilities. When we think that something is likely to happen, so something

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can happen or not, there is a possibility that something happen. And we use may, could

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or might plus infinitive. May, might and could are synonyms. So we can use any of them. Like

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for example, he looks tired. He might be ill. Or he might be ill. Or he could be ill. We

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use might not or may not when we are not sure that something happened or not. But it probably

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doesn't happen. For example, I'm not sure if he is ill. He might not feel quite well.

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We use must plus infinitive when we are fairly sure that something happened. He doesn't call

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me. He doesn't call me very often. He must be angry with me. We use can't plus infinitive

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and couldn't plus infinitive when we are fairly sure that something doesn't happen. So the

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difference is must, we are sure something happened. Can't or couldn't, we are sure something

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doesn't happen. What if we are using these verbs of speculation in the past? It's the same. We

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use the same modal verbs but we add have or have not plus participle. For example, if we are sure

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that something happened in the past, we use must, have plus participle. For example, he didn't come

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to school today. He must have been very busy or he must be ill. We are sure that something didn't

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happen in the past. We say he is not very smart. He couldn't have passed the exam or he can't have

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passed the exam. When we are not sure that something happened or something didn't happen

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in the past, we use might, may or could plus have plus participle. Because remember may,

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might and could are synonyms in this context. Is that okay? That's all. If you got any doubt

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about what I have just explained, let me know by leaving a comment down or send it to my email or

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you know how to contact me. Cheers! Keep safe and sound, please!