1 00:00:00,770 --> 00:00:05,570 Hello everybody, this is a presentation of Unit 6 of Social Science which is related 2 00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:11,169 to people and population, right? You have the presentation and this is the tutorial, 3 00:00:11,169 --> 00:00:15,890 so let's going to start with the next point, with the first point, sorry, which is that's 4 00:00:15,890 --> 00:00:23,870 related to population. So, what is population? Population is all the people that live in 5 00:00:23,870 --> 00:00:29,329 a certain place. The population of the community of Madrid is around six and a half million 6 00:00:29,329 --> 00:00:36,329 of people. But how can we know that? How can we know the amount of people living in a city 7 00:00:36,329 --> 00:00:45,310 or in a certain place? So that's thanks to the demography. So demography is the study of the 8 00:00:45,310 --> 00:00:53,710 human populations. And when we talk about demography, we have to include several aspects. 9 00:00:53,710 --> 00:00:59,969 First, the size. How big is the population? Because, for instance, we have many different 10 00:00:59,969 --> 00:01:06,510 types of cities or villages or areas in Spain. We have the big capital cities such as Madrid 11 00:01:06,510 --> 00:01:12,629 and Barcelona, but we also have small villages in which people are living too, right? How 12 00:01:12,629 --> 00:01:19,469 big is it, right? That's the aspect related to size. Composition. Who are the people that 13 00:01:19,469 --> 00:01:29,469 make up the population? Do they have studies? Do they have a family? Are they immigrants, 14 00:01:29,469 --> 00:01:35,790 emigrants, right? Composition. Who are the people that make up the population? Distribution. Where 15 00:01:35,790 --> 00:01:43,329 do they live? Do they live in town? Do they live in areas surrounding the city? Where do they live? 16 00:01:43,329 --> 00:01:51,409 they live in the capital cities? Do they live in the center of Spain? Density. How many people live 17 00:01:51,409 --> 00:01:59,090 in each area? For instance, in Madrid we have different neighborhoods. How many people live 18 00:01:59,090 --> 00:02:06,450 on in each of them? Do we have more neighbors in Salamanca's neighborhood or maybe in Hortaleza's 19 00:02:06,450 --> 00:02:13,169 neighborhoods? So they study the density, which is the people living in an area taking into account 20 00:02:13,169 --> 00:02:19,449 the square kilometers of the areas right and growth is the population increasing or decreasing 21 00:02:19,449 --> 00:02:28,150 so do we have more babies do we have more elder people right so it studies all those aspects 22 00:02:28,150 --> 00:02:34,669 size composition distribution density and growth so let's going to move to the next point 23 00:02:34,669 --> 00:02:39,310 because populations are in constant change 24 00:02:39,310 --> 00:02:42,770 because of the immigrants, emigrants, 25 00:02:42,930 --> 00:02:47,770 the people who are born, right? 26 00:02:48,530 --> 00:02:51,710 But how do we know that? 27 00:02:52,569 --> 00:02:55,870 So governments use a census to count the population 28 00:02:55,870 --> 00:03:00,449 and to collect information about the people living in a particular place. 29 00:03:00,449 --> 00:03:03,150 But what is a census, right? 30 00:03:03,150 --> 00:03:11,770 so in the next part we are going to learn about the census. Here you have a question, 31 00:03:11,770 --> 00:03:18,150 what is the INE and how is a census? So if we click on the icons we will learn more about it. 32 00:03:18,150 --> 00:03:25,650 So let's going to learn first about the, sorry I didn't stop it, let's going to learn first about 33 00:03:25,650 --> 00:03:38,330 about the census. You click on it, you will see here the last census, right? 34 00:03:38,330 --> 00:03:42,330 It's the INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, in Spanish, right? 35 00:03:42,330 --> 00:03:50,330 And they answer the question, what is a census? So you have here the answer to my question, right? 36 00:03:50,330 --> 00:03:58,330 And they tell you how you have to fill in the different gaps they have, right? 37 00:03:58,330 --> 00:04:28,279 Right? And what do they ask about? We are asked about our house or flat, about the rooms we have, if we are married, if we are single, about our parents, the things that we have studied, right? 38 00:04:28,279 --> 00:04:38,279 if we are working now, they ask us about many, many, many different aspects, right? 39 00:04:40,199 --> 00:04:50,439 The census is done each 10 years, right? So the last one was in 2011, so we will have 40 00:04:50,439 --> 00:04:57,240 the next one next year, right? But here you can read about it and learn about it. If we 41 00:04:58,279 --> 00:05:06,120 go to the presentation, we will click on the other link which is the INES page, right? Instituto 42 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:17,160 Nacional de Estadística is where we can see the data that they collect about the Spanish 43 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:26,439 population. So here we have the pyramids and the amount of people living in the cities, how many 44 00:05:26,439 --> 00:05:37,240 of them live in a house or a flat, right? Well, we can learn many many different things. 45 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:43,639 Here you have the page, you can click on the different parts of it so you will learn about it. 46 00:05:43,639 --> 00:05:50,600 So, let's going to continue now with the next point of this presentation which is related to 47 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:57,959 certain aspects we need to learn are definitions and concepts we have to learn in order to know 48 00:05:57,959 --> 00:06:05,839 about population. Yes, so let's go into the next page, which is how do we count moving people? 49 00:06:06,420 --> 00:06:12,060 How do we know it? So we have different formulas and different concepts. The first one, it's very 50 00:06:12,060 --> 00:06:18,060 easy. As the name says, absolute population is the total number of people living in an area, 51 00:06:18,060 --> 00:06:24,420 right? The people living in a place or in a city or in a village, right? I have 20 people living 52 00:06:24,420 --> 00:06:31,259 here. The absolute population is 20, right? But we have also population density. As I told you 53 00:06:31,259 --> 00:06:38,259 previously, the population density is the average number of people living on each square kilometer 54 00:06:38,259 --> 00:06:46,060 of land. And we have a formula to calculate it. So absolute population divided by the square 55 00:06:46,060 --> 00:06:52,620 kilometers is equal to the population density. Let's going to have an example, right? I have a 56 00:06:52,620 --> 00:06:58,779 village, a very small village. The village is just five square kilometers and I have, 57 00:06:59,339 --> 00:07:06,860 because I am the mayor, now there are 10 people living in that village, right? So there are 10 58 00:07:06,860 --> 00:07:14,379 people living in a village which is five square kilometers. So the population density of that 59 00:07:14,379 --> 00:07:22,860 place is two inhabitants per square kilometers. I have two people living on each square kilometer, 60 00:07:22,860 --> 00:07:27,899 right? This is just an average, it's not real, right? Because maybe the 10 people are living 61 00:07:27,899 --> 00:07:34,379 in the same house, but it's just something to help us to know about the people living in certain 62 00:07:34,379 --> 00:07:43,660 areas, right? Let's going to move to the next concept, which is that related to the natural 63 00:07:43,660 --> 00:07:48,379 increase. The natural increase is the difference between the number of births 64 00:07:48,379 --> 00:07:52,000 and the number of deaths. So we have two substrates. 65 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,839 The death rate from the birth rate. 66 00:07:55,839 --> 00:07:59,720 And we have as a result the natural increase. 67 00:07:59,720 --> 00:08:03,180 The natural increase can be positive 68 00:08:03,180 --> 00:08:06,699 or negative. For instance, 69 00:08:06,699 --> 00:08:10,779 it's very easy. Positive natural increase. It occurs 70 00:08:10,779 --> 00:08:13,860 When there are more births than deaths, right? 71 00:08:13,879 --> 00:08:16,600 We have more babies than deaths. 72 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:21,860 When we have a positive natural increase, the population increases. 73 00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:24,459 We have more people each year, right? 74 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:25,920 We have more and more people. 75 00:08:26,279 --> 00:08:28,699 But we also have a negative natural increase. 76 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:36,360 It's when there are more deaths than births in an area and the absolute population decreases. 77 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:55,220 That's happening now in areas, in small villages, in which people, young people move to the capital cities and the villages they just have, in the villages we just have elder people, so we have more deaths than births and little by little that places can disappear, right? 78 00:08:55,220 --> 00:09:04,639 Let's going to move to the concept of emigrant and immigrant. So, an emigrant is a person who 79 00:09:04,639 --> 00:09:10,519 leaves her or his country or a place, right? And an immigrant is a person who comes to live 80 00:09:10,519 --> 00:09:19,460 permanently in a foreign country. For instance, I am from Spain and I went to England to work. So, 81 00:09:19,460 --> 00:09:26,000 in Spain I was an immigrant who moved from Spain to England and in England I was an immigrant 82 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:34,639 because I was a person from a different country living there and working there, right? And the 83 00:09:34,639 --> 00:09:42,419 next point of this presentation is related to a new concept, right? In which we have to take into 84 00:09:42,419 --> 00:09:48,899 account the immigration and emigration. So, it's the concept of actual increase. 85 00:09:50,019 --> 00:09:57,860 Actual increase. If we want to know about the real population of a place, we have to take into 86 00:09:57,860 --> 00:10:03,539 account the immigration and immigration figures, right? People who are coming and people who 87 00:10:03,539 --> 00:10:11,860 are moving to a different place. So, how do we know it? I have to do this formula, 88 00:10:11,860 --> 00:10:18,899 right? The natural increase plus the number of immigrants and from this I have to subtract the 89 00:10:18,899 --> 00:10:26,740 number of immigrants and I have to actual increase, right? It's very easy but you just have to take 90 00:10:26,740 --> 00:10:35,720 into account the immigrants and the emigrants. Let's going to move to just we are just in the 91 00:10:35,720 --> 00:10:43,799 last pages of this presentation because we just have some activities and videos right but I would 92 00:10:43,799 --> 00:10:49,240 like to talk about population pyramids before to finish with the presentation because next 93 00:10:49,240 --> 00:10:54,600 next week you will have to do something related to this but you will know so what are population 94 00:10:54,600 --> 00:11:00,600 pyramids are graphical illustrations that show the distribution as you can see oh sorry 95 00:11:00,600 --> 00:11:13,379 And the distribution of the population, right? Yeah, sorry. So this is the population pyramid 96 00:11:13,379 --> 00:11:21,179 of Spain in 2010. As you can see, the males appear on the left and the females on the right, right? 97 00:11:21,179 --> 00:11:27,480 And in this case, they are measured by the total population, right? It's the number of the total 98 00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:33,240 population, we don't have a percentage, but here we can see many different 99 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:39,379 data about our population. For instance, it's 2010, so you must be 100 00:11:39,379 --> 00:11:50,279 here, you are 11 years old, so you must be here, right? So it's here if you are a 101 00:11:50,279 --> 00:11:56,580 male and here if you are female, and we will know how the population is gonna 102 00:11:56,580 --> 00:12:05,539 a change during the following years, right? This is just an example. I can know that I have less 103 00:12:05,539 --> 00:12:14,899 young people and less children than maybe people who are 45 or 49 years old, right? 104 00:12:16,019 --> 00:12:22,179 We will learn how to analyze it and you will have to do it next week. So I have another example 105 00:12:22,179 --> 00:12:32,100 here. This is the population, the pyramid population of Spain in 2011, right? But the 106 00:12:32,100 --> 00:12:36,820 shape of a population can tell us about the population. Of course, it's a population pyramid. 107 00:12:37,460 --> 00:12:44,419 Well, we can see how population is changing over the time or identify patterns and predict 108 00:12:44,419 --> 00:12:51,379 what might happen. So, you were in the other pyramid, you were here. Now you must be here 109 00:12:51,379 --> 00:12:59,539 or maybe here, right? As you can see we have even less children, babies, because those are babies, 110 00:12:59,539 --> 00:13:07,379 I have even less, we have even less babies than 10 years ago. So what is going to happen? 111 00:13:07,379 --> 00:13:14,100 That our pyramid is going to be an inverted pyramid maybe in 30 years. That means that we 112 00:13:14,100 --> 00:13:21,620 will have more elder people than young people. So it's gonna be something difficult to handle. 113 00:13:22,659 --> 00:13:30,820 I want just to move because I have 15 minutes and I see that I have 13. Here you have two videos. 114 00:13:30,820 --> 00:13:36,019 One is the one in which you will learn about density population with Minecraft 115 00:13:37,220 --> 00:13:43,779 and the other one it talks about population too. I want you to have a look on them and I also 116 00:13:43,779 --> 00:13:50,659 want you to do the following exercises and activities. Why? If I click here I will have 117 00:13:50,659 --> 00:13:57,299 the first one which is the activity one. You will see this is Spain, right? And how can this picture 118 00:13:57,299 --> 00:14:02,580 help you to know about the population density in certain areas of Spain? But imagine that I don't 119 00:14:02,580 --> 00:14:10,340 know about geography but I'm really sure where Madrid is just watching at this picture, right? 120 00:14:10,340 --> 00:14:17,700 So, this is the first activity. The second activity is that which says look at the figures below and 121 00:14:17,700 --> 00:14:22,419 calculate the natural increase and the actual increase. So, you have the formulas there 122 00:14:22,419 --> 00:14:27,620 and you just have to, but it's very very easy, you just have to. This is an UNICEF activity because 123 00:14:27,620 --> 00:14:35,059 it's mathematics, right? And activity three. What is the population density of Greenland 124 00:14:35,059 --> 00:14:46,580 if it has a population of 56,000 people and a surface area of 2.1 square kilometers, right? 125 00:14:47,299 --> 00:14:54,100 And the last activity, what is a census? When did the most recent census take place in Spain 126 00:14:54,100 --> 00:15:00,100 and why is a census important? That's all, I don't have time, bye bye!