1 00:00:00,610 --> 00:00:11,650 Hello class and welcome to the second term and the third unit. 2 00:00:13,570 --> 00:00:28,769 So far we've looked at verb tenses that have to do or are connected to the present and the past. 3 00:00:28,769 --> 00:00:39,770 Today we're going to turn to the future forms or the future tenses. 4 00:00:39,770 --> 00:00:47,079 There is something that you have to know in particular about English, 5 00:00:47,079 --> 00:00:54,079 and that is that in English we don't have one future tense. 6 00:00:54,079 --> 00:01:02,079 Rather, we use several forms to talk about different ideas about the future. 7 00:01:02,079 --> 00:01:10,079 And today we're going to look at the main ones, the main forms. 8 00:01:10,079 --> 00:01:19,079 Let's start with the logical or the easier one, which is WILL. 9 00:01:19,079 --> 00:01:23,079 WILL is followed by an infinitive. 10 00:01:23,079 --> 00:01:50,420 By the way, if you want to know how all these forms that we're going to see today are used in other forms, like not only affirmative, but also negative and questions, I strongly recommend you to watch the video that you have in the book. 11 00:01:50,420 --> 00:01:55,840 You can also see, I also speak about it in the aula virtual, okay? 12 00:01:58,019 --> 00:02:09,099 Plus, don't forget that there is a chart that summarizes all the forms of the verbs in the aula virtual, too. 13 00:02:10,939 --> 00:02:15,240 So, coming back to future, to will and infinitive. 14 00:02:15,580 --> 00:02:18,199 What do we use will for? 15 00:02:18,199 --> 00:02:32,610 We use WILL mainly in four cases. When you decide something but you 16 00:02:32,610 --> 00:02:39,210 do not plan it, you have not planned it beforehand. In other words, when you make 17 00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:46,409 an instant decision, a decision that you make in this very moment, with 18 00:02:46,409 --> 00:02:54,909 predictions, but a prediction like the one that you could see, let's say, in the 19 00:02:54,909 --> 00:03:01,110 tarot cards, or like there is no evidence to prove that your prediction is 20 00:03:01,110 --> 00:03:10,710 correct or not. Offers and promises. Let's look at some examples. Here you can see 21 00:03:10,710 --> 00:03:19,770 that's how the word will is in bold and infinitives are in underlined and they 22 00:03:19,770 --> 00:03:29,370 are infinitives that means that they these verbs and all the verbs that go 23 00:03:29,370 --> 00:03:36,110 after will do not change for any of the persons or if they do not change in any 24 00:03:36,110 --> 00:03:43,979 case because they are the infinitive they are not present or something like 25 00:03:43,979 --> 00:03:55,379 that let me remind you that the negative of will is will not want well let's look 26 00:03:55,379 --> 00:04:00,000 at each of the examples this is an example of an instant decision imagine 27 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:09,259 you get to a restaurant and the waiter asks for asks you what you want to have 28 00:04:09,259 --> 00:04:17,399 you just decide that I will have a cup of coffee in a cheesecake you just have 29 00:04:17,399 --> 00:04:21,300 just decided that in the restaurant that is an instant decision you have not 30 00:04:21,300 --> 00:04:27,540 planned that you were going to have that a prediction but a prediction without 31 00:04:27,540 --> 00:04:32,540 any evidence I will find the right job one day something that you are 32 00:04:32,540 --> 00:04:37,439 predicting but you're not sure about it and you've got no evidence about that I 33 00:04:37,439 --> 00:04:43,199 think that this will happen but I have no evidence so imagine as for number 34 00:04:43,199 --> 00:04:50,519 three example number three imagine that you see an old person in in the street 35 00:04:50,519 --> 00:04:59,759 maybe it's your grandfather or a neighbor and they are carrying very 36 00:04:59,759 --> 00:05:04,839 heavy bags. You want to help them and you just say I will help you with these bags. 37 00:05:04,839 --> 00:05:08,579 It doesn't mean that you do it in the future. You're just offering your help in 38 00:05:08,579 --> 00:05:14,399 this very moment. I will help you with these bags. So right now you take the bags of 39 00:05:14,399 --> 00:05:21,779 this person and you have them carry them. Finally, a promise. I think that 40 00:05:21,779 --> 00:05:28,620 this is the most typical example of will as a promise. It's not necessarily about 41 00:05:28,620 --> 00:05:34,579 the future. It means, will you marry me? It really means, do you want to marry me? 42 00:05:34,579 --> 00:05:40,459 Yes, I will. I promise I'm going to do that. I'm engaged to that. I promise to do 43 00:05:40,459 --> 00:05:47,399 This is an example of a question of will used in a question where you can see as 44 00:05:47,399 --> 00:05:55,819 you can see there is an auxiliary subject inversion. Okay let's move on to a 45 00:05:55,819 --> 00:06:06,860 second form or a second way to speak about the future in English. This is to 46 00:06:06,860 --> 00:06:15,439 be going to followed by infinitive, like will was. What do we use this for? We use 47 00:06:15,439 --> 00:06:24,259 going to for plans or intentions and for predictions, but this time for these 48 00:06:24,259 --> 00:06:31,759 predictions we have an evidence, not like the case that we saw before where we did 49 00:06:31,759 --> 00:06:41,379 not have any evidence. Let's look at examples. Again, notice that I'm going to 50 00:06:41,379 --> 00:06:48,860 changes, the verb to be changes for all the persons. It is, I am, but the main verb 51 00:06:48,860 --> 00:06:54,800 does not change at all. It is an infinitive. So, I'm going to visit my 52 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:58,860 grandma. This is what I have planned. That's my intention. That's my plan. I 53 00:06:58,860 --> 00:07:00,459 I have already decided it. 54 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:05,279 It's not an instant decision, like we saw before with Will. 55 00:07:06,540 --> 00:07:09,060 It's going to rain, look at those clouds. 56 00:07:09,060 --> 00:07:11,139 So there isn't evidence. 57 00:07:11,139 --> 00:07:15,439 I can see gray clouds, so I am predicting out of evidence. 58 00:07:17,100 --> 00:07:21,230 That's why we use to be going to. 59 00:07:21,230 --> 00:07:26,230 A third form of the future is the present continuous. 60 00:07:26,230 --> 00:07:33,579 the present continuous. We use the present continuous to talk about things 61 00:07:33,579 --> 00:07:39,699 that we've arranged to do in the future. In that sense, it's a bit similar and 62 00:07:39,699 --> 00:07:45,399 sometimes interchangeable with to be going to. There is a very slight 63 00:07:45,399 --> 00:07:51,639 differentiation between them both. In the case of the present 64 00:07:51,639 --> 00:07:58,360 continues. We know exactly when this is going to happen and usually they 65 00:07:58,360 --> 00:08:04,180 are supposed to happen in the near future. I'm staying at the 66 00:08:04,180 --> 00:08:12,139 Astoria hotel. We're getting married in July. You do know exactly when. If you 67 00:08:12,139 --> 00:08:18,899 remember in the case of to be going to before, when we were talking about 68 00:08:18,899 --> 00:08:24,139 your plans, you just said I'm going to visit my grandma, but you were not 69 00:08:24,139 --> 00:08:32,460 stating when. It's a bit more vague. On the other hand, if the present 70 00:08:32,460 --> 00:08:41,679 continues, here we have an arrangement, future arrangement. For these cases, 71 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:46,740 for these two cases, there is another person or organization involved. For 72 00:08:46,740 --> 00:08:51,000 visiting your grandma, there was no other person or organization involved 73 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:56,980 necessarily. By the way, I haven't mentioned that for the present continuous 74 00:08:56,980 --> 00:09:01,820 what we have to do is to use the present continuous with the same form that we've 75 00:09:01,820 --> 00:09:08,500 seen. The verb to be changes for the different persons and the main verb is 76 00:09:08,500 --> 00:09:19,080 written with the ing form. Finally, for today, we also have the present simple. 77 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:25,500 and this is one of the easiest uses because we use the present simple only 78 00:09:25,500 --> 00:09:32,259 for future events that are part of a schedule or a timetable. But you're gonna 79 00:09:32,259 --> 00:09:43,610 see this very easily with an example. The bus. You do have a 80 00:09:43,610 --> 00:09:51,169 timetable of when buses are supposed to arrive. So the bus doesn't arrive at 11 81 00:09:51,169 --> 00:09:58,370 a.m. it arrives at 11 p.m. what time does the movie begin tonight I mean there is 82 00:09:58,370 --> 00:10:09,049 a fixed time the plane arrives at 12 p.m. there is a fixed time when these 83 00:10:09,049 --> 00:10:14,629 things are supposed to happen that's when we use the present simple and 84 00:10:14,629 --> 00:10:20,850 obviously we use it with the same forms and in the same way that we've seen 85 00:10:20,850 --> 00:10:32,049 before the principle is used. So we need an es where there is a third person singular subject 86 00:10:32,049 --> 00:10:42,289 and for the negative form you add not to them, excuse me, you add doesn't and for questions you 87 00:10:42,289 --> 00:10:50,250 use thus or do of course and the same happened with the negative form so this 88 00:10:50,250 --> 00:10:58,490 is a summary okay a visual summary where I want you to look and see and compare 89 00:10:58,490 --> 00:11:08,210 the four forms that we've been talking about sorry I went too fast and I went 90 00:11:08,210 --> 00:11:21,460 too far now. Okay, so these are the four chances. Going to, for plans and 91 00:11:21,460 --> 00:11:29,379 intentions and prediction based on evidence. Will, for promises, for instant 92 00:11:29,379 --> 00:11:35,379 decisions, not plans, something I haven't planned before, an offer, and a prediction 93 00:11:35,379 --> 00:11:40,299 with no evidence. Present continuous is for a future arrangement, what is the 94 00:11:40,299 --> 00:11:44,440 difference between an arrangement and a plan that for an arrangement I need 95 00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:50,179 another organization or another person involved to organize I need an 96 00:11:50,179 --> 00:11:57,120 arrangement is when I go to the dentist when but a plan is something that is 97 00:11:57,120 --> 00:12:04,539 not so fixed although it is true that sometimes the use of going to and the 98 00:12:04,539 --> 00:12:09,860 present continuous for this use like the use of the plan or future arrangements a 99 00:12:09,860 --> 00:12:15,559 bit difficult to see in this there are very slight differences and finally the 100 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:20,580 presence temple when I have I'm going to speak about something that is going to 101 00:12:20,580 --> 00:12:30,320 happen in the future but I do have a timetable so I hope that you you can 102 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:37,360 understand these four uses of the these four forms of the future you have any 103 00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:48,360 questions you know that I am available in the video call and via messages if you