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As I said before, there were two important kingdoms in the medieval time, during the Middle Ages.

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The Great Kingdom of Aragon and also the Kingdom in Castile.

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Both of them were fighting from the 11th century to the 13th century against Muslims.

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And today we are going to explain the economy in both kingdoms.

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So, let's start by looking at the economy in Castile.

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Obviously, the economy in Castile was based on agriculture and livestock.

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But what was new at that time in the economy of Castile was the importance of livestock.

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I would say that it was the importance of livestock, ganadería.

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Why? Because livestock in Castile became more important than agriculture.

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Livestock, ganadería, became more important than agriculture.

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And why? Because nobles at that time and the military orders, the richest part of the society, nobles and the military orders,

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were owners of herds, rebaños. They were the owners of herds and livestock.

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Livestock became so important because nobles and the military orders earned a

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lot of money due to the herds, rebaños, of merino seed. This particular type of

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merino seed which produce a lot of wool, lana. So as nobles and military orders

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were the owners of the earth, as they earn a lot of money, they turn their

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lands, they turn their lands, they turn their latifundia, large proportion of

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land into pastures pastos because they really need it for their merino sheep they need it for raising

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for raising merino sheep para cuidar para tener mas ovejas merinas merino sheep means in spanish

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ovejas marinas. So that's why livestock became so important in Castile because

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the richest part of the society, nobles and the military orders, earn a lot of

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money due to the herds, the herds of Merino sheep. So as they earn a lot of

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money they turn their lands into pastures to produce more and more wool

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for the Merino, from the Merino sheep, because the Merino sheep was a particular type of

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sheep which produce a lot of wool, as you can see here in the picture.

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And they produce and they raise many, many Merino sheep because they use them to export

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the land to export the wool sorry abroad to export

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the wool to sold the wool abroad to the foreign countries

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exactly abroad means to the foreign countries to the foreign countries so they produce many many

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they raised many many marino ship to produce more wool so as to in order to export this wool to the

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foreign countries and they earn a lot of money with this particular business at that time in

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the middle ages they earn a lot of benefits money with this particular business and plus they earn

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a lot of money and for this reason the richest part of the society created one

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particular organization to protect in order to protect this business but we

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have a question for from I mean I mean I mean a what a where did they export the

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cool they we are going to see this in five minutes in when we will explain trade okay

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yes but you said something of foreign yes they ex yes they exported the wool to the foreign

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countries such as france and flanders what is now the netherlands holanda okay and we are going to

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see in five minutes the consequences of that so to sum up thank you for your question and me

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to sum up nobles and military orders were earning a lot of money due to the wool business

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wool was a really important raw material materia prima raw material you have here the word

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raw material wool was an important raw material at that time it was like petrol now it was a key

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component it was a key raw material and that's why many many people rich people were focused on

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wool because they use wool to make clothes and also to produce other kind of products

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Wood was key at that time, and they were earning a lot of money.

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For this reason, nobles and the military orders were the ones who controlled the society.

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They were calling the shots in this society, and they were the ones who sent them.

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Actually they had not only good positions in terms of the economy, they had also really

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good positions in terms of politics, they were part of the Cortes in Castile, they were

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part of the Parliament together with the King, so they were really, really important.

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And to protect, in order to protect their own business related to the wool, they created

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at that time one important institution or organization. In the year 1273 this

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organization was called Mesta and it was founded by livestock

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owners. Who were the livestock owners? They were the nobles and the military

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orders who created the organization of Mesta in 1273 to protect their own

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business to protect their own business and to earn even more money than before

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and what do you think do you think that the King Alfonso the 10th promoted this

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business no yes yes i think the king alfonso the 10th protected this business the king in castile

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alfonso the 10th protected his business because he was also earning a lot of money a lot of income

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he got income, beneficios, he got money, income from this business because when

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the nobles and the military orders sold the wool to Flanders, to Holland, to

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Netherlands, to France, all these nobles and military orders had to pay taxes to

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the king that's why Alfonso the tenth promoted and encouraged this business

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so it was a business which was controlled from the richest part of the

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society and it was protected by the king because also the king was earning a lot

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of money due to the taxes so it was very very I'm going to write it down for you

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it was this business very very profitable not only for the not only

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what means profitable profitable means that it was very profitable Marcos because they were

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earning a lot of money this business was really really profitable because not

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Not only the nobles, but also the kings were earning a lot of money due to the flocks of

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sheep, due to the herds.

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We explained the economy in Castile.

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What do you think?

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What was the most important part?

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What was the key component in the economy of Castile, agriculture or livestock?

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livestock exactly well done so after explaining the economy in castile

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now we are going to see the livestock roots that moment during the medieval time nobles nobles and

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members of the military orders moved their herds from the south to the north and from the north

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to the south so nobles nobles and members of the military orders turn their latifundia into

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pastures because they really needed all this land to move their herds of livestock from the south

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to the north and from the north to the south. Again, nobles and military orders

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turned their lands into pastures because they needed all this land, all this latifundia

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to move their herds from the south to the north and from the north to the south. So for example,

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class. In summer, when the weather was too hot for the Merino sheep with this amount

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of wool in their bodies, so at that time in summer, the livestock owners moved their herds,

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rebaños, from the south to the mild temperatures in the north. And what happened in winter?

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other way around the other way around in winter due to the chilly temperatures due to the cold

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temperatures they moved their hearts to the mile to the mile temperatures in the south mile moderadas

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remember mild okay so at that time during the medieval time the iberian peninsula was

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like the united states when the settlers were moving from the east of the united states to the

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west when they wanted to conquer more and more territories and they move their livestock with

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them it happened in the united states in the 19th century in the 19th century and in spain

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it happened the same the same process in the medieval time

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and now we are going to explain trade how mean

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and how do you write posture into they saying i'm going to write it

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down for you here okay okay pastos

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pastos so let's have a look to trade after

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explaining the economy in Castile in terms of livestock now we are going to

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pay attention to trade and we are going to explain this business the trading

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business in Castile and also in the great in the great crown of our own what

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happened in Castile first in Castile there were two important routes in terms

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of trading one was in the Camino de Santiago and the other one was in the

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Atlantic Ocean so in Castile there were two important routes in terms of trading

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one was alongside the Camino de Santiago and in this route they were selling and

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buying products so when pilgrims came from france to the camino de santiago to reach santiago

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it was one important trading route because pilgrims were buying and selling products

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and the other route was from bilbao from the port of bilbao bilbao in this area in castile

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became the most important port why because from Bilbao Castile sold wool to

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France and to Flanders what is now Belgium and Holland the Netherlands

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again in Castile the most important route was the Atlantic Sea why because

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from bilbao from bilbao castilians sold wool to france and also to the

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to the netherlands and so we could say that we exported vendíamos we export it we export

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export. We exported, vendíamos, we exported wool to France and also to Flanders and we

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imported, comprábamos, we imported tapestries, tapices. What do you think was more expensive?

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wool, which was only a raw material, or tapestries, tapices, which were very delicate.

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Tapestries.

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Tapestries were more expensive than wool.

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So, do you think that this business, when we sold wool to France and the Netherlands,

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we imported tapestries. Do you think that this business was profitable for Castile?

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Yes. No. What do you think? We sold them wool which was cheaper than the tapestries and

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we imported, we bought tapestries which were more expensive. Do you think that

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this business was profitable yes so we sold them cheap products and we bought them very expensive

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products this business was really profitable it wasn't profitable it wasn't write it down

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but this business wasn't profitable this business wasn't profitable forecast deal

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And this is the origin of the decline in the Kingdom of Castile, because we sold them cheap products, such as wool, and we bought them, we imported them, very expensive products.

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And this is the origin of the decline of the crisis in Castile.

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Adriana?

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Yes, what was the route that they used to escort an animal?

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They used the Atlantic Ocean, the Atlantic Sea.

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Okay.

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It was the route. So Bilbao became the most important port, Puerto. It became the most

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important port in the Atlantic Sea when we sold wool to France and to Flanders. And we are going

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going to finish with Aragon. What happened in Aragon? Bilbao was the most

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important port in the Atlantic Sea when we sold the wool in

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exchange for luxury products, tapestries, and in Aragon, Barcelona

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became the most important port because we have seen, class, that from Barcelona

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the great kingdom of Aragon stole Horodot's alongside the Mediterranean Sea

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because Aragon became the most important kingdom in the Mediterranean Sea they

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conquer Palma they conquer also Sicily they reach even Athens Greece do you

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a question i mean can you repeat everything because i get lost in barcelona became the most

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important of course barcelona became the most important port because the great kingdom of

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aragon conquered many many territories alongside the mediterranean city and they became they became

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the most important port and kingdom because they sold also products alongside the mediterranean sea

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when they conquered palma when they conquered italy the south part of italy and greece they

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sold products to those territories because they became part of the kingdom of aragon

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That's why Aragon became even more important in the 14th century and in the 15th century.

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So at the end of this story, Castile in the 15th century was in decline and Aragon was really in power

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because they were earning a lot of money in the Mediterranean Sea when they sold

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products alongside the Mediterranean Sea plus we have finished for today no

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theory for today and now we are going to keep the my mom