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Today, we're going to study the past simple.

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Let's begin with some examples.

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Christopher Columbus wanted to travel to India.

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It was a long journey.

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So, he tried a different route, and he discovered a miracle.

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Let's have a look at the sentences here on the right.

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These four sentences share the same characteristic, they are expressed in the past simple tense.

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We know that because the verbs wanted, was, tried, and discovered, which are the main

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verbs of these sentences, are expressed in the past simple form.

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But what do we use the past simple for?

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the past simple refers to an action or activity that happened in the past and

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it finished in the time indicated in the sentence so we are looking at a finished

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action let's see this with some examples

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he woke up at 8 o'clock this morning he went shopping yesterday he talked on the

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phone last night. We know these three activities happened in the past and we

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know when they finished. For the first one, it finished this morning. The second

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one finished yesterday and the third finished last night. Let's have a look at

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the past simple structure. We have regular verbs and irregular verbs. For the first,

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we just have to add "-ed to the verb. Work worked. I worked hard last summer. Worked.

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The second case is a little bit more complicated because there are no fixed rules, which means

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there is not a predictable pattern in which we know how to transform the base form of

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the verb into the past simple.

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Write wrote written put put put sang sang sung.

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As you can see, the past simple form, which is the one I'm highlighting, is not predictable.

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can't know how to form it which is learn it by heart. Let's have a look at some

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exceptions.

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So when the word ends with an unvoiced e which means that we don't pronounce it,

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it doesn't sound we add a D to the end love loved my sister loved animals when

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she was little when the word ends with a vowel in the Y we add a D to the end

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My sister stayed with me when I was afraid of the dark.

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When the word ends with a consonant and a Y,

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we drop the Y and we add IED to the end.

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This example may look like the previous one, but it's different.

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For in the first example, or in the previous example,

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there was a vowel followed by a y and in this example there is a consonant followed by a y

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so they make that so they are different my sister studied forensics and then she became a cop

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let's have a look at the affirmative form of the past simple

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We form the affirmative this way

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Subject plus a past plus complements

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plus an optional time expression such as

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these

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Yesterday, last week, two days ago, last night, etc.

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Let's see it with an example

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He read the newspaper this morning

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They walked to school together yesterday.

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Let's have a look at the negative form now.

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We form the negative this way.

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Subject plus the auxiliary verb did plus the negative form not plus the base form plus

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compliments and an optional time expression remember when there is an

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auxiliary we use the base form not the past let's see how we can contract did

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and not into the same word we have did we have not and if we put them together

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we form didn't. Let's see this with some examples. He didn't read the newspaper

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this morning. They didn't walk to school together yesterday. As you can see we

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have the auxiliary verb which means the verb is in the base form. In the base

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form, not in the past. Finally, let's see the interrogative form. To form the

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interrogative, we switch the order of the auxiliary in the subject. So we

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start with the auxiliary. Did plus subject plus base form plus complements

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plus time expression which is optional and a question mark so when the

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affirmative is your friend went to school we add the auxiliary at the beginning

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and since there's an auxiliary we drop the verb and we add the base form

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because the auxiliary verb is already in past never forget about the question

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mark let's see this with some examples did he read the newspaper this morning

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did they walk to school together yesterday as you can see auxiliary verb

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negative and base form, not the past. Remember verb to be is an irregular verb and it has

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different negative and interrogative forms. I will explain in the next video.

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Now let's have a look at some time expressions that are used with the past tense.

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We have a chart here of some very common time expressions that can be found together with

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the past tense.

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So past time expressions are for this.

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We use the simple past to talk about when things happened, and some words and phrases

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show when something happened in the past.

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These words and phrases are called time adverbials.

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have a look now at some time expressions that go with the past tense. Here's a

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chart in which you can see some very common time expressions. So, what are

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these past time expressions? Well, we use simple past to talk about when

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things happened. And some words and phrases show when something happened in

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the past. These words and phrases are called time adverbials. Let's explain the first time

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adverbial, ago. We use ago to explain how far back in the past something happened. And

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And this is the order in which we use it. First we say AGO and then the time expression.

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So let's begin with the first time adverbial AGO.

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We use it to explain how far back in the past something happened.

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this is how we use it. First we indicate the time and then ago. So five minutes ago, an

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hour ago, three days ago, six months ago, ten years ago, many years ago, a long time

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ago. Let's see this with an example. Here's a journal in which I have indicated what day

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it is today, and three days before, something happened. The concert was three days ago.

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Three days from today in the past. Three days ago.

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Let's continue explaining what time adverbial last is used for.

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Well, it indicates the most recent or nearest to the present date time.

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In this case, we first say last and then the time.

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last night last Monday last week last month last January last Christmas last

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summer again let's see this with some examples again this is a journal in

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which I have indicated what date is today and something happened last night

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night. I watched a football match on TV last night. Finally, we have the time adverbial

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yesterday, which indicates the day before today. And we have these three options. Yesterday

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morning yesterday afternoon yesterday evening let's see it with an example

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same job same journal in which we have the day of reference which is today and

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this is at 9 a.m. yesterday so 9 a.m. this is the morning I had piano lessons

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yesterday morning let's practice a little with some examples complete the

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sentences with the fast simple of the verbs and brackets so here you have some

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sentences

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Which you have to complete with the past simple of these verbs, which are going to be shown

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in brackets.

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Bye, go, like, nothing.

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All you have to do is take a separate sheet of paper or your notebook, grab a pencil,

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Write the sentence, complete it, then pause the video and do the exercise and when you

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finish you can check the answers.

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My parents bought a car two years ago.

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I went to the cinema last weekend.

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Did you like the movie?

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The group didn't sing my favourite song.

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Thanks for watching