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Hello, good morning. We are going to explain, to learn about electricity, unit 6, which is the last unit from natural science.

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We are starting saying and explaining what is electricity.

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Electricity is a type of energy and you already know a lot about energy.

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But to know about electricity a bit more, then we have to know what is an atom.

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An atom is the smallest particle of matter, and it is composed by a nucleus, which inside this nucleus we can find protons, positive charge, neutrons, no charge, and then around the nucleus we can find the electrons, which have a negative charge.

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They move around the nucleus all the time, so it's moving, constantly moving, ok?

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Así que es el átomo, dentro del átomo encontramos el núcleo, que es una abuelita pequeñita en el centro,

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donde encontramos los protones y los neutrons, y alrededor de ellos, moviéndose continuamente, están los electrons, que tienen una carga negativa.

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About the charges. Electrons can move from one atom to another, making possible to charge an object with electricity.

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So, talking about charges, we can say that an atom can be electrically neutral, electrically positive or electrically negative.

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When is it electrically neutral? When it has the same amount of electrons and protons.

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They have the same amount of electrons and protons.

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Tengo un negativo, tengo positivo, la misma cantidad, con lo cual es neutral.

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Electrically positive, when it has more protons than electrons.

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We have two protons here, one electron, more positive charges.

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So this atom is electrically positive, and then electrically negative it is when it has more electrons,

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two in this case, two electrons, than protons. I only have one, so this atom is negatively charged.

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What happens with the charges? The same as it happens with magnets.

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Different charges attract each other, positive and negative, love, love, love, they love each other, they attract

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But what happens when they have the same charge, positive and positive, or negative and negative, that they repel each other

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Now we have to talk about different types of electricity

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Electricity can stay or flow from one object to another

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We have two kinds, two types of electricity. We have static electricity and we have current electricity, ok?

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But we are going to start with the static electricity, electricidad estática.

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It happens when two surfaces touch each other and the electrons move from one object to another, vale?

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This is quite a bit complicated.

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One of the objects will have a positive charge and the other a negative charge.

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¿Qué pasa? I have two atoms here. Los átomos siempre son neutros, ¿de acuerdo? ¿Qué sucede? Cuando dos superficies se tocan, hemos dicho que los electrones se están moviendo alrededor del núcleo, pues eso hace que los electrones, the electrons move from one atom to another, ¿vale?

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so this one here loses an electron that is given to this one

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gained one electron, what does that mean? that if I had here the same number

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of electrons and the same number of protons, now if I have lost one then I will have

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one electron less, that is, I will have 10 electrons and 11 protons, as the

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electrons are negative and the protons are positive, what number do I have

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more of protons, of positive, so this atom is positively charged. What happens

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with this? Well, it turns out that we have said that it has gained one electron, that is to say

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that now instead of 11 it has 12 electrons. What charge do the electrons have?

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negative. ¿Cuántos prótons tiene? Los mismos que tenía, 11. Entonces, ¿de qué tiene más?

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¿De negative o de positive? De negative. Así que este electrón está negatively charged,

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¿vale? If you wrap an object quickly, like a balloon, or your feet on the carpet, this

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will build up a rather large charge, ¿vale? O sea que cuando dos objetos se ofretan entre

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yes, it turns out that static electricity occurs because an atom has, there is no

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balance between the two atoms, they are not all neutral but one is

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positive and one is negative and we have said in the previous slide here that

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when one is positive and the other is negative, love, they attract each other and that is

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¿Qué es lo que sucede? Pues cuando esto sucede nos da un chispazo, ¿verdad?

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Mirad a este niño, nos da un chispazo, el pelo se nos pone de punta, etcétera, etcétera, ¿vale?

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Esa es la static electricity.

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Vamos a ver ahora what is the current electricity, las corrientes eléctricas.

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Current electricity is electricity that flows from one object to another.

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La electricidad que se mueve from one object to another.

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We have to distinguish between two things, we are going to talk about electrical insulators

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and electrical conductors, you already know this from last unit, so electrical insulators

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don't allow electricity to pass through them, no permiten que la electricidad pase a través

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de ellos, son materials, not metals, pues los materiales que no son metales, son aislantes,

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¿De acuerdo? Pues como hablábamos del calor, el plástico, el cristal

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They are electrical insulators

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On the other side we have electrical conductors

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Which allow electricity to pass through them

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What materials are they?

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Almost all metals

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Los metales

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Los metales transmiten la electricidad, conducen la electricidad muy bien

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¿De acuerdo? ¿De qué material está hecho el enchufe?

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o el cargador del móvil que nosotros metemos en el enchufe es de plástico,

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es de plástico la parte por donde nosotros lo agarramos,

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porque hemos dicho que el plastic is an electrical insulator,

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pero ¿y las dos clavijitas que se ponen en el enchufe?

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Están hechas de metal, because metal is an electrical conductor.

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We have to talk about an electrical circuit when we are talking about current electricity.

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circuito eléctrico, it is a current electricity allows electrons to flow through a path

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¿vale? permite que los electrones se mueven en un camino que nosotros les damos

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como es este circuito, ¿de acuerdo?

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what is number one? number one is the switch

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it opens and closes the circuit, it can stop the flow

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¿vale? abre y cierra el circuito, lo apago, lo cierro, lo enciendo

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Pues lo estoy abriendo para que pasen los electrones

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Number two, this one

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This one is the power source

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And it provides the electrical energy

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Number three, the wires

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They conduct the electricity

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And number four, yes, light bulbs in this case

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Light bulbs are the resistor

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Which transforms the electricity into another form of energy

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so light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy now we are going

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to talk about inventors and inventions okay in 1800 we have Alessandro Volta

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who invented the battery las pilas okay the battery and what do they do they

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transform chemical energy into electrical energy then 31 years later

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Michael Faraday invented the electrical generator, yes, el generador eléctrico, it

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transfers mechanical energy into electrical energy, vale, esto se mueve, por eso es

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mechanical energy, se mueve y el movimiento le produce energía eléctrica.

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In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, so I think you don't need

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me to explain this, but this picture here is a very old telephone. In 1879, Thomas

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Edison invented the light bulb, la bombilla. It transforms electrical energy into

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light energy. Thomas Edison was very important. In 1888, Nikola Tesla invented

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the alternating current motor. It allows, is this thing here, it allows electricity

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it is to travel long distances and transforms it into mechanical energy.

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Marconi, in 1894, radio transmitter was the radio. It transforms electrical

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energy into sound energy, so Marconi invented the radio. And finally, Alan

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Turing, 1936, he invented a computer which is this machine here, very different to

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the computers you know from these days. What does a computer do? Well, it

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It processes the information and shows it on a screen, ok?

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Now I'm going to tell you a story about Alan Turing

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It's short, ok?

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He invented the computer, as you already know

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and it was very curious because this man was put in jail

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In his time, it was very poorly seen that men would like men

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so they thought that this was also a disease and Alan Turing was told that he was sick and that he had to cure that disease

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they put him in jail, they were giving him medication to prevent him from liking men, but well, you know that that cannot be changed

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then one day he decided that he did not want to continue living

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so he talked to someone and this someone gave him an poisoned apple

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of food he had asked for it he wanted to die he did not want to continue living he was

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having a hard time he was suffering a lot so he gave a bite to that

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apple and fell down in his cell later when they went to pick up the

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they saw him dead on the ground and an apple bitten

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on his side. Well, do you know what is the symbol of an

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apple bitten, if it occurs to you? Yes? Well, yes, you guessed it, it is the

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apple symbol, right? An apple bitten. Well, Apple, its inventor,

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wanted to make this memory of Alan Turing, putting as an icon of his company

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the bitten apple that Alan Turing, the inventor of the computer, bit.

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And that's it. That's all. I hope you've enjoyed watching me.

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If you have questions, please write to me. Bye bye!