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hello everyone I'm going to record the video to show you the next part which is

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about the ova the ova formation and also the ovarian and uterine cycles so the

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first thing you need to do is to go to the aula virtual and download two

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pictures that I have uploaded there you have two options for them either you can

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print them yes you can print them you don't need to trace them you can print

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and glue into your notebooks or in case you don't have a printer or in case you

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feel like an artist and you want to draw you can draw it on your notebooks okay

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so since we start with the OVA we are in the female reproductive system

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which is number three so this would be 3.1 OVA okay OVA we're going to

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compare the OVA with the spermatozoa okay as you can see they are completely

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difference we said as you watching the video the ova cannot move while the

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spermatozoa can and the ova are much much bigger and as you can see in the image

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they have a area surrounded it which is the zona pellucida and which protects

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kind of protects the the ova okay so how do they form the ova okay so the

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The first thing we need to know is that ova start forming when the female is inside her

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mother's womb, ok?

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Opposite to the spermatozoa that we said that they start forming with puberty, the ova start

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forming when the female is inside her mother's womb, but they stay in a stage that we call

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the stage one which is immature okay and the ova is surrounded by a structure which is called

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the follicles you can see here a picture of the microscope where you can see the ova

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the zona pellucida and the follicle okay all the cells surrounded it okay it's a way to protect

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that ova inside the ovary okay then when it comes to puberty when it comes to

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puberty the girls start a developing this follicle for approximately 28 days

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and every 28 days a follicle grows okay and then leaves the ovary and we call

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this process ovulation and then we are going to start now to study now

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the ovarian cycle, don't worry, and with the formation of the ova it is

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released to the fallopian tube so it might be fertilized by spermatozoa.

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This situation lasts until the woman reaches the menopause, when she is, it

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depends on the age it can be from 45 to 55 in even 60 okay it lasts for a quite

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a long time this pictures that we have here that you have here it causes a

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kind a lot of troubles okay when you have to learn it why because it is

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divided into two different parts okay I wanted to have a look at it closely and

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and see if you understand it before we start so pause this video and look at it closer

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okay now you have done it okay on the lower part you can see number two four six eight ten etc

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till 28 these are the days the days at last the ovarian and the uterine cycles okay from day one

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today 28 okay and we have the uterine cycle on the lower part and the ovarian

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cycle on the upper part for women what women usually see are the uterine

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cycle inside their body but it's not the only thing that happens okay is the

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ovarian cycle which is also very important okay so we start on the upper

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part with the ovarian cycle okay so the first thing we need to know is that the

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follicle those one that we said that started when the female was a fetus okay

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it starts to grow it starts to grow for about 14 days 14 days okay there start

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growing thanks to an hormone that is the follicle stimulating hormone the FSH

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okay these hormones tell the ovary okay it starts to start forming the follicle

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and the ovary works and start forming the ovule, the ova, okay?

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Then, at day 14, the ova is released into the fallopian tubes, okay?

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It moves slowly from the inner part of the ovary to the walls of the ovary

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and it is released into the fallopian tubes.

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when it is released in the ovary there are still some cells the one the others that compose the

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follicle that remains there they don't go anywhere okay and that is the corpus luteum

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okay the corpus luteum so it's a mass of yellow cells okay which is where they're remaining on

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the follicle this corpus luteum what it's going to do is to secrete progesterone and estrogen

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because if the fertilization takes place, the progesterone and oestrogens will be needed for the fetus to develop.

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If the fertilization does not occur, then the corpus luteum will disintegrate in those 14 days, okay?

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So the first 14 days, the follicles start forming, the next 14 days is the formation of the corpus luteum.

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now about the uterine cycle this is the cycle that occurs in the uterus okay because the uterus has

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to get ready just in case the ova is fertilized and it's going to be a baby inside the women's

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body so every month the female's body develops a lot of structures to get the baby inside her

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That's what is represented here in this graph. It's a bit strange, okay?

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But it represents the width, the width, Lantura, the width of the uterus, okay?

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How many layers of a

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tissue is going to be inside the uterus, okay? And the uterine cycle starts with the menstruation,

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okay? Day one of menstruation is the starting of the uterine cycle,

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okay menstruation can last depending on the woman from three to five or seven days okay so it takes

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that time and then when menstruation finish then the endometrium which is one of the layers of the

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uterus starts growing growing growing growing it grows a lot until it's thickened so much and as

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you can see at day 22 24 that is ready is ready to get the fertilized over the

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embryo okay if there is an embryo the embryo is going to get attached to the

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endometrium and it's going to grow there if there is no baby there if there's no

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fertilization the endometrium is going to be released and get off of the body

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and that's what we call it the menstruation that's why then the layers

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of tissues in the uterus start getting smaller and smaller and smaller so guys

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what I ask you with all this information is that you listen carefully take notes

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okay if you have any question just ask in the aula virtual I will try to answer

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as soon as possible okay and maybe we'll do some exercises tomorrow today what i'm

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only going to ask you is to take notes of all these things that i told you about