0
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:16,000
Hello. Hola. Soy Cristian Perez Yates. I'm going to explain this one in English, since

1
00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:28,000
this is an English lesson. These are grammar notes I'm going to explain for level B2. I'm

2
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:38,000
going to talk about conditionals. Conditional sentences. A condition is when you say,

3
00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:49,000
if A, then B. A conditional sentence has two parts. The condition, which goes with if,

4
00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:58,000
and then the result, or the consequence, of that condition. Now, you can say, if A, then B,

5
00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:07,000
or you can invert the order, and you can say, B, if A. Right? When we talk about conditionals

6
00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:16,000
in English, we have basically four different levels. The zero conditional uses the present

7
00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:24,000
simple with the if, and the present simple with the result. If you heat water to 100 degrees,

8
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:34,000
it boils. Or, if you cool water to zero degrees, it freezes. Water freezes if you cool it.

9
00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:47,000
Okay? As you notice, the zero conditional is very likely. It almost always happens.

10
00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:54,000
We could say it's a general rule. Okay? Now, the first condition, first conditional,

11
00:01:55,000 --> 00:02:01,000
is a little bit less likely. This one is probable. It's possible. All right? But it's not always.

12
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:09,000
If, with the present simple, and then the result, will or won't, plus the infinitive.

13
00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:16,000
If you give me the money, I will buy the tickets. I will buy the tickets if you give me the money.

14
00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:23,000
All right? If it starts raining, I won't go out tonight. I won't go out tonight if it starts

15
00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:30,000
raining. Okay? Important thing to note is that the present simple goes with if,

16
00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:38,000
and then the result or the consequence goes with will or won't. Will not. Okay? Second conditional.

17
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:46,000
This one is more improbable. It is imaginary. Could be in the present or the future.

18
00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:54,000
If, with the past simple, and then the result, the consequence, would or wouldn't with infinitive.

19
00:02:54,000 --> 00:03:01,000
If I knew her number, I would call her. This means you do not know her number. Right? I would call

20
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:09,000
her if I knew her number. We're talking about now in the present. Even though we use the past,

21
00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:15,000
past simple here, this is the past simple, we're talking about right now. If I knew her number,

22
00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:24,000
I would call her. I wouldn't cry if you forgot my birthday. Now, if today you forgot my birthday,

23
00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:31,000
I wouldn't cry. Okay? We're imagining a situation that isn't really happening. All right?

24
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:38,000
Pay attention to which part goes with the if and which part goes with the result. And finally,

25
00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:46,000
the third conditional. This is an impossible, unreal, hypothetical situation in the past. Okay?

26
00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:57,000
The if goes with the past perfect. And then the result or the consequence goes with would have,

27
00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:03,000
and the past part is simple. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test.

28
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:12,000
I would have passed the test if I had studied harder. Did you study harder? No. It's impossible

29
00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:16,000
to study harder. Now, the test already happened. This is in the past, right? We're talking about

30
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:23,000
something that already happened. We can't change it. But we can imagine, we can have a hypothesis

31
00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:32,000
about what it could have been, what it would have been like. I would have passed if I had

32
00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:38,000
studied harder. Okay? And that's your little overview of conditionals.

33
00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,000
I hope you enjoyed it. Thank you very much.