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All vertebrates have a backbone, but how they breathe, how they reproduce, and what they

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eat can be different, even within a group.

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All animals need oxygen to live.

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Mammals, reptiles, and birds breathe with lungs.

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They use lungs to take oxygen from the air.

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Fish use gills to take oxygen from the water.

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Water enters the mouth and goes through the gills so they can get oxygen.

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Amphibians have gills when they are young and live in water, and later develop lungs

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live on land. Reproduction. Reproduction. All mammals are born directly from their

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mother. They are viviparous. Mammals also produce milk to feed their babies and

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look after them for a long time. All other groups reproduce by laying eggs.

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They are aviparis. Some eggs have a hard shell, such as chicken eggs. Other eggs

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are soft, such as frog eggs and fish eggs. Nutrition. Nutrition. Most vertebrates are

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omnivores. This means they eat plants and other animals. Other vertebrates are

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carnivores. This means they only eat other animals.

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Some mammals, fish, and a few birds are herbivores. This means they only eat plants.

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Almost all reptiles and amphibians are carnivores.

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Remember, carnivore means they only eat other animals.