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This is Tres Cantos, a city located at the north of Madrid.

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In October 2024, something happened that no one had seen before.

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A large number of storks came here and stayed here for a couple of months.

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This could be a problem as these species could bring diseases and alter the ecosystems.

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So we asked to ourselves, why is this happening and why now?

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We had several hypotheses, but the most important were an increase of the air temperatures,

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a reduction of the air pollution, strong winds in the south, and accumulation of human waste

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in the landfill of Colmenar.

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We are the RedHawks in Buenos Aires, and this is our project.

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To begin our investigation, we started analyzing the behavior and the habitat of the white

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storks in Spain using this data, highlighting the silver life and the NDVI of the Sentinel-2.

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With this data, we found out that the storks seen in Tres Cantos were not residents in

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Spain and wintering in Africa, but wintering in Spain and coming from Northern Europe.

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We corroborated this with this map that shows with lines of different colors the migrational

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routes of storks from different countries.

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Meanwhile, we studied the habitat and realized that these birds prefer watery areas and with

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no trees and they avoid really dry areas, areas with a lot of vegetation and areas with limestone

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soil. We use the NDVI set tool of the Sentinel-2 to analyze the type of ground and mark more or less

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the area of the stork habitat. This graph shows a clear increase in the general tendency of white

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storks in Spain. Meanwhile these other two show an increase of the populations of storks in urban

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areas and a decrease on pastures. The first factor we analyzed was temperature. We took data from the

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Institute of Statistics and the FAMET. We found that the winter temperatures between 1895 and 2012

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have increased just 0.5 degrees Celsius. This graph compared to the population of storks

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shows us that it didn't play a key role in them staying here, but still contributed.

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In terms of our hypothesis on contamination, we used two resources.

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The Sentinel-2 satellite and the Portal de Datos Abiertos del Ayuntamiento de Madrid.

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With the data from the Portal de Datos Abiertos del Ayuntamiento de Madrid,

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we got them from the station Tres Olivos, which is the closest to the Tres Cantos,

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and the one that resembles the city the most.

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Then we got data from October from 2010 to 2024 in Nitrogen Oxides and in Ozone.

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Then we did the average and we saw that the change isn't as significant as we thought it would be

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and it doesn't affect the migration routes of the storm.

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After that we also got some images from the Sentinel-2 satellite

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and we got them from 2018 to 2024 in Nitrogen Dioxide and in Ozone.

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We saw that the change is the same as in the graphics

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and we discarded the contamination hypothesis out of our list

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and it doesn't affect at all on the migration routes of the storms.

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While investigating about the wind, our most important source was the IMF.

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We studied the storms Aitor in September, Dana in October and Caetano in November.

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And with the wind maps and the graphics that showed the speed of the wind,

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we could see that the direction of the wind and its speed didn't allow the storks to go to the shower.

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We got the human waste data from a bunch of sources, the Universidad Complutense de Madrid among them.

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With these two maps, this one being the landfills in Spain and this one the breeding pairs of storks in the peninsula,

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you can see a correlation between them that points to storks liking these landfills,

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but in the southeast zone of Spain they don't match up since, as Michael said earlier, it's full of limestone soil, which isn't good for them.

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We corroborated that storks like landfills with these two graphs,

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this one showing the amount of time storks spend in different types of habitats, this peak being dumpsters,

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and this one showing the amount of storks facing the distance to a landfill.

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and you can see that the closer you are to the landfill, the more nests you will find.

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And lastly, these are the amount of tons being put into the landfill of Comenar Viejo,

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a city very close to Tres Cantos, with photos of its growth.

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And knowing that storks stick more to urban areas, that they like landfills,

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and that the closest landfill to Tres Cantos has grown,

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we consider this a very important factor for the prolongated stay of these birds in our city.

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end our hypothesis turned out to be only partially correct because air pollution was not relevant

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and the temperature was a more secondary cause. However, the strong winds and the presence of

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the landfill of Colmenar were crucial for the state of the white storks in Tres Cantos.

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With data from SEO BirdLife and Copenearth we elaborated this prediction for the migration

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routes of storks for the future. We can see as they move to the northeast of Europe.

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This prediction should be done for other bird species in the future.

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this is important because if it is controlled it could be used as data to quantify climate change

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and also because if we aren't careful stores could eat dangerous things in landfills that

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could kill either them or part of their environment which would be terrible so we

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should control what we throw in landfills always if you want to know more about us follow us on

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instagram i would like to thank you for the opportunity to present and for the time you

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have given us. Thank you.