1 00:00:01,780 --> 00:00:11,439 Good evening. As I told you in class, we are going to have this term. You are going to have an lesson about the relief of Europe and also the Iberian Peninsula. 2 00:00:12,279 --> 00:00:20,780 Then, because of that, because we are not going to have enough time during the classes, I wanted to record a video about the relief of the Iberian... 3 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:27,179 Oh, sorry, of Europe. I hope that is helpful, that it's useful for you. 4 00:00:27,179 --> 00:00:38,420 Then, we are going to start with the main planes with the Continental Relief, the most important features in the Continental Relief of Europe. 5 00:00:38,820 --> 00:00:45,020 Then, there is a map of Europe. Europe, basically, is a peninsula of Asia, as I told you. 6 00:00:45,780 --> 00:00:54,560 Then, here, the most important features in the Continental Relief are mountains, valleys, plains, etc. 7 00:00:54,560 --> 00:01:01,859 Then, the most important feature in the continental relief of Europe that you're going to see 8 00:01:01,859 --> 00:01:10,159 immediately is this, more or less, sorry, here, in the central and the eastern part 9 00:01:10,159 --> 00:01:22,480 of the continent, we have a huge plain that is called the Great European Plain, because 10 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:29,019 it's huge, as you can see, covers most of Eastern Europe, and the north of Central Europe 11 00:01:29,019 --> 00:01:32,659 is located in Europe, and is a plain. 12 00:01:32,659 --> 00:01:33,980 All of this is flat terrain. 13 00:01:33,980 --> 00:01:40,819 If you go to Poland, or Ukraine, or Russia, this part of Europe you are going to see that 14 00:01:40,819 --> 00:01:41,819 most... 15 00:01:41,819 --> 00:01:44,900 In north of Poland, in the north of Poland, you are going to see that the terrain is more 16 00:01:44,900 --> 00:01:45,900 or less flat. 17 00:01:45,900 --> 00:01:50,799 It's true that in many parts there are forests, and it's difficult to see, but in other parts, 18 00:01:50,799 --> 00:01:57,420 like in Ukraine, there is like a huge plain, with flat terrain, almost no hills, etc. 19 00:01:57,420 --> 00:02:01,099 Yes, then, this is the first. It's very easy to see. 20 00:02:01,659 --> 00:02:06,519 Then, I asked you about this in the exam. Remember, this is the Great European Plain. 21 00:02:07,079 --> 00:02:12,340 Okay? Then, now, we have started with the Great European Plain. 22 00:02:12,759 --> 00:02:15,099 Now, we are going to continue with the mountains. 23 00:02:16,280 --> 00:02:19,139 I don't know why... Okay, then. 24 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:23,740 The main mountains of the continent. We are going to start with the Jaume Mountains. 25 00:02:23,740 --> 00:02:29,979 As I told you in class, the continents are moving, it's a very slow movement, we are 26 00:02:29,979 --> 00:02:36,460 not going to feel it, but the continents are moving, and then one thing that is happening 27 00:02:36,460 --> 00:02:42,939 now is that Africa is moving to the north, and because of that is pressing, is pushing 28 00:02:42,939 --> 00:02:43,939 against Europe. 29 00:02:43,939 --> 00:02:52,979 As a consequence, in the last million years, several young mountain rains has appeared. 30 00:02:52,979 --> 00:03:00,259 the southern part of the continent the first one for left to right is here the Pyrenees can you see 31 00:03:00,259 --> 00:03:13,180 these are the Pyrenees okay the Pyrenees the Pyrenees are this mountain range that is located 32 00:03:13,180 --> 00:03:22,860 between the sorry between the Iberian peninsula and the rest of the European continent yes then 33 00:03:22,860 --> 00:03:29,180 these are in the left then if we go to the right we are going to see this other mountain range 34 00:03:32,819 --> 00:03:40,259 that is located between the italian peninsula the woods and the rest of europe these are the alps 35 00:03:47,819 --> 00:03:53,979 and then in the eastern part of the continent more or less in the same place that where 36 00:03:53,979 --> 00:04:01,099 romania is located we have this mountain range the carpathian mountains that as you can see looks 37 00:04:01,099 --> 00:04:10,780 like a sea an inverted c most of these mountains are located in romania another part in hungary 38 00:04:10,860 --> 00:04:16,860 and also in the south of Poland, a little in the Czech Republic, most of them are in Romania. 39 00:04:17,959 --> 00:04:20,600 These are called the Carpathian Mountains, remember. 40 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:32,389 In Spanish, Carpathos, like in the movies of Dracula, etc., yes? 41 00:04:32,910 --> 00:04:37,550 And then, in the Balkan Peninsula, that is this peninsula here, 42 00:04:38,089 --> 00:04:44,680 we have another mountain range that is the Balkan Mountains, 43 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:48,540 because they are located in the Balkan Peninsula, are called the Balkans. 44 00:04:48,540 --> 00:05:08,699 And between the frontier, between Europe and Asia, is this mountain range, here, the Caucasus. 45 00:05:08,699 --> 00:05:27,480 And in the Caucasus, we have the highest mountain range in Europe, the Elbrus, more or less here. 46 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:37,360 Another huge mountain, another huge peak, another huge mountain is located here, in the Alps, the Mont Blanc. 47 00:05:37,959 --> 00:05:43,540 But the Elbrus is a little higher than the Mont Blanc, okay? 48 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:51,379 Then, these are the old mountain ranges, the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkans, and also the Caucasus. 49 00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:57,240 There is another mountain range that is here, but I think that is not as important as the rest, 50 00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:58,899 Then I'm not going to ask you about this 51 00:05:58,899 --> 00:06:03,300 But this one is called the Dinaric Alps 52 00:06:03,300 --> 00:06:09,970 In the accent can appear the Pyrenees 53 00:06:09,970 --> 00:06:13,310 The Alps, the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkans 54 00:06:13,310 --> 00:06:15,110 Or the Caucasus, yes? 55 00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:16,850 And also I can ask you about 56 00:06:16,850 --> 00:06:19,350 What is the highest peak in Europe? 57 00:06:20,290 --> 00:06:21,050 Elbrus, here 58 00:06:21,050 --> 00:06:23,370 Remember, the Mont Blanc is, sorry 59 00:06:23,370 --> 00:06:25,149 The Caucasus 60 00:06:25,149 --> 00:06:28,949 The problem with the Elbrus 61 00:06:28,949 --> 00:06:34,629 is that is located between the front just in the frontier between europe and asia because of that 62 00:06:34,629 --> 00:06:41,029 some people prefer to talk about the mont blanc here but inside the caucasus sorry there sorry 63 00:06:42,470 --> 00:06:49,430 the elbrus is a little higher then this is the highest peak in europe the elbrus 64 00:06:49,990 --> 00:06:53,589 then now we are going to talk about the old mountains in the north of europe 65 00:06:53,589 --> 00:07:11,589 We have all mountain ranges, are mountain ranges that appear dozens of millions of years ago, they are older than the mountain ranges in the south, and because of that they are not going to be as high as the mountain ranges in the south. 66 00:07:11,589 --> 00:07:23,800 There are several of them. Here in Scotland, in this island that is Great Britain, in the north, we have this, the Grampian Mountains. 67 00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:35,579 Oh, okay, then, I think that maybe in order to distinguish this, we can use this color. 68 00:07:40,399 --> 00:07:49,399 Also, here in Scandinavia, we have this old other mountain range that is called the Scandinavian Mountains. 69 00:07:50,860 --> 00:07:56,480 In Norway, especially, the Scandinavian Mountains, because they are located in the Scandinavian Peninsula. 70 00:08:04,370 --> 00:08:10,629 Also, other one is next to the Alps, in France, we have another mountain range that is old. 71 00:08:10,629 --> 00:08:19,410 It's called the central, the French central massif, because it's located in France, and it's a massif. 72 00:08:19,829 --> 00:08:22,050 Massif is an old mountain range. 73 00:08:28,339 --> 00:08:32,960 Then, old mountains we have here, in the north of this island, the Grampian Mountains. 74 00:08:33,379 --> 00:08:36,940 Here, the Scandinavian Mountains, and the French central massif. 75 00:08:36,940 --> 00:08:47,899 And also, in the frontier between Europe and Asia, we have the Ural Mountains, that are 76 00:08:47,899 --> 00:08:56,440 located in Russia, are not very high, in fact, are not high mountains. 77 00:08:56,440 --> 00:09:04,120 I think that the altitude doesn't reach 1000 meters, but are considered the frontier between 78 00:09:04,120 --> 00:09:08,659 Europe and Asia. 79 00:09:08,659 --> 00:09:12,179 Then, you'll have to remember about these mountain ranges. 80 00:09:12,179 --> 00:09:16,240 If I ask you a mountain range, I'm going to ask you about these mountain ranges in Europe. 81 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:21,899 In the south, these young mountain ranges, the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathian Mountains, 82 00:09:21,899 --> 00:09:23,980 the Balkans and the Caucasus. 83 00:09:23,980 --> 00:09:27,879 Yes, in the north, we have these old mountain ranges. 84 00:09:27,879 --> 00:09:32,600 In this island, the Grampian Mountains, in Scandinavia, the Scandinavian Mountains, here 85 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:36,840 in the east, we have the Ural Mountains, and in France, next to the Alps, we have this 86 00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:41,019 mountain range that is the French Central Massif. If I ask you in the exam about 87 00:09:41,019 --> 00:09:45,120 mountains in Europe, I'm going to ask you about these mountains, okay? 88 00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:50,399 And remember, here in the east and in the center of Europe we have this huge 89 00:09:50,399 --> 00:09:56,460 plain. There are mountains that are small mountains. Most of this terrain is a 90 00:09:56,460 --> 00:10:02,460 huge plain, like in Europe and like in America, the American plains, sorry, the 91 00:10:02,460 --> 00:10:06,399 Great American plains. Then in Europe we have this huge mountain range, for example, 92 00:10:06,399 --> 00:10:12,879 As I told you, in Poland, in Ukraine, in Russia, most of the terrain is like this, is flat. 93 00:10:13,379 --> 00:10:19,059 In Western Russia, it's true that Russia is huge, and in Siberia, etc., there are big 94 00:10:19,059 --> 00:10:23,960 high mountains, etc., but we are talking about the western part of the country, yes? 95 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:25,820 Western part of the country, Eastern Europe. 96 00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:32,539 As you can see, the terrain here is like darker, the color here is like darker, that means 97 00:10:32,539 --> 00:10:34,220 that the terrain is flat. 98 00:10:34,220 --> 00:10:51,519 Can you see? Because here, that is like, lighter, the color is lighter, it's because we have mountains. Here is darker, because it's a plain, okay? Then, about the mountains, plains, etc., you have to know about this. 99 00:10:51,519 --> 00:11:25,049 Now, I want to tell you, I want to tell you about the rivers, okay, the rivers, maybe it's going to be a little complicated for you, then, we are going to start in the south, here in Spain, with this river, you have to know about this river in Spain, oh, no, better, better than this, one second, blue, and I'm going to try to, okay, just add a little more, 100 00:11:25,070 --> 00:11:42,399 Okay, yes, I would like to do it, sorry, as you know, I have included the maps in Classroom, 101 00:11:42,399 --> 00:11:46,840 yes, in the OLED virtual, but I want to show you here, I'm showing the map, I think that 102 00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:53,059 maybe it's going to be more clear for you, then, I don't know how to, I want to make 103 00:11:53,059 --> 00:12:04,340 it wider but i'm sorry then this river is the taus in spanish okay then the tagus but i suppose that 104 00:12:04,340 --> 00:12:10,179 i'm not going to ask about this uh this river i'm going to ask you about the rivers in france and 105 00:12:10,179 --> 00:12:15,860 the rest in the rest of europe because you suppose that you know about the rivers in spain then this 106 00:12:15,860 --> 00:12:31,230 This is about the relief of Europe, then this river here, in France, the first river, the river that is next to the frontier is called Garonne, okay? 107 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:37,110 Then, the next that you have to know about is the Loire, Loire in Spanish. 108 00:12:37,789 --> 00:12:38,450 One second, please. 109 00:12:45,039 --> 00:12:51,580 This is the Loire, and then we have the river that passed through Paris. 110 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:54,570 Oh, sorry. 111 00:12:55,809 --> 00:13:02,409 More or less this river. This river that passed through Paris, that is the Seine, in Spanish, Sena. 112 00:13:03,129 --> 00:13:17,559 Then, remember, this is the Garonne, and then we have here the Loire, Loire, and here the Seine, that passed through Paris. 113 00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:22,120 Okay? And then, in Cripple Time, we have another river. 114 00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:25,220 is not a very long river, but 115 00:13:25,220 --> 00:13:27,100 appearing in a lot of movies, etc., 116 00:13:27,100 --> 00:13:29,019 because it's the river that passed 117 00:13:29,019 --> 00:13:30,639 through London. 118 00:13:31,159 --> 00:13:31,580 Yes. 119 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:34,259 It's called the theme. 120 00:13:35,399 --> 00:13:37,360 I know that the pronunciation is strange 121 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:38,440 because it's 122 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:40,539 written like this. 123 00:13:41,460 --> 00:13:42,940 Thomas, yes, but 124 00:13:42,940 --> 00:13:44,679 the pronunciation is like theme, okay? 125 00:13:45,539 --> 00:13:47,220 The theme. Then we have 126 00:13:47,220 --> 00:13:49,279 the caron, the lawyer, the same, 127 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:51,120 the theme, and then here 128 00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:58,179 There is a river that is like the frontier between France and Germany, here. 129 00:13:59,279 --> 00:14:13,190 This river is called the Rhine, in Spanish, Rhin. 130 00:14:13,710 --> 00:14:19,169 It's a very important European river, especially because this river is like, as I told you, 131 00:14:19,269 --> 00:14:26,870 it's like the frontier between France and Germany, and has been a very important frontier for centuries. 132 00:14:26,870 --> 00:14:49,370 Then, we have in Germany the Elf, this river, ok, this is the Elf, one second, in Spanish 133 00:14:49,370 --> 00:15:09,820 Elba, and also I want you to know about this other river here, that is the Vistula, is 134 00:15:09,820 --> 00:15:28,710 the river that pass through Warsaw, Warsaw the capital city of Poland, ok, Vistula, ok? 135 00:15:28,710 --> 00:15:35,909 Then, remember, we start in Spanish, we have the Tajos, Tajo, yes, and then we cross the 136 00:15:35,909 --> 00:15:42,830 frontier, and in France, the first river is the Garonne, yes, the lower, the Seine, in 137 00:15:42,830 --> 00:15:48,009 Great Britain we have the Thym, here, then the river that is between France and Germany 138 00:15:48,009 --> 00:15:55,490 is the Rhine, Rhine in Spanish, then the Elbe, that is inside Germany, Elba, and then here 139 00:15:55,490 --> 00:15:56,490 Here we have the Vistula. 140 00:15:56,490 --> 00:16:00,490 I'm sorry, this river here is the Oder, but I think that it's more important that you 141 00:16:00,490 --> 00:16:02,490 know about the Elf and the Vistula. 142 00:16:02,490 --> 00:16:05,490 The Oder I don't think that is so important. 143 00:16:05,490 --> 00:16:14,519 Then, finally, there is a river that pass next to the Arctic Circle, that is the last 144 00:16:14,519 --> 00:16:17,940 one that you have to know about. 145 00:16:17,940 --> 00:16:25,700 in the atlantic ocean is uh sorry this river okay is that the bifna different 146 00:16:28,259 --> 00:16:39,480 more or less yeah then then these are the rivers in the north that you have to know about okay 147 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:49,080 yes garon lawyer shane sim ryan elf vistula the bifna different then in the mediterranean sea 148 00:16:49,080 --> 00:16:54,200 the first thing the first river they have to know about okay i'm not going to ask you about the 149 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:58,580 ebro river because in spanish we are told if i ask you it's going to be in the map of spain 150 00:16:58,580 --> 00:17:11,420 then we are going to start here with this river that is the rome isla yes this river the rome 151 00:17:11,420 --> 00:17:17,740 in spanish rodana is the first important river in the mediterranean 152 00:17:17,740 --> 00:17:25,359 Then, in Italy we have two rivers that are not very long, but are important because one 153 00:17:25,359 --> 00:17:35,539 of them pass through one of the most important cities in Europe, that is Rome. 154 00:17:35,539 --> 00:17:39,460 The name of this river is the Tiber. 155 00:17:39,460 --> 00:17:44,660 And in the north, we have a river that is important because this is one of the most 156 00:17:44,660 --> 00:17:52,180 important industrial areas in europe the north of italy then this is called uh sorry the 157 00:17:53,460 --> 00:18:04,700 oh the river po okay then remember in the mediterranean we had first this round 158 00:18:05,339 --> 00:18:11,099 then the tiber the pole in the north of italy and now we are going to start with the big rivers 159 00:18:11,099 --> 00:18:17,579 these rivers are relatively short in the east of europe because we have this huge european plane 160 00:18:17,579 --> 00:18:20,779 We are going to find the longest rivers in Europe. 161 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:26,000 The first one of them is the Danube, that passes through half of Europe. 162 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:36,640 The Danube passes through Wien, the capital of Austria, Budapest, 163 00:18:38,039 --> 00:18:40,839 also Belgrado, the capital of Serbia. 164 00:18:41,539 --> 00:18:46,759 It's a huge river and it's very important, this river. 165 00:18:47,579 --> 00:18:59,019 Crossroads of countries, Austria, Romania, Serbia, Hungary, Hungary, also I think that is the frontier with Bulgaria, is a very important river. 166 00:18:59,519 --> 00:19:02,960 Here then is the Danube. In Spanish, Danubio. 167 00:19:03,559 --> 00:19:03,740 Okay? 168 00:19:04,339 --> 00:19:07,759 Then, the next river that you have to know about is this river that is the Dineper. 169 00:19:09,259 --> 00:19:10,079 One moment. 170 00:19:13,140 --> 00:19:14,539 The Dineper that is this river. 171 00:19:14,539 --> 00:19:30,640 In the news, they are talking a lot of times about this river, because it's located in Ukraine, most of it is located in Ukraine, and there are a lot of combats and battles around this river, because it's very important. 172 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:34,039 Yes, then, it's called Dnieper. 173 00:19:46,430 --> 00:19:51,230 Also, another important river is the Don. 174 00:19:52,289 --> 00:19:54,630 Sorry, start here, one second. 175 00:19:54,630 --> 00:20:23,819 and the longest river in Europe, located in Russia, and is the longest river. 176 00:20:23,819 --> 00:20:29,079 In order to recognize it, remember, we have rivers that start in the Mediterranean, we 177 00:20:29,079 --> 00:20:36,359 We have the Dineper and the Don and the Danube flow into this sea that I'm talking about later, 178 00:20:36,980 --> 00:20:47,259 and this river, the Volga, flow into this, can you see this body of water that is very big? 179 00:20:47,259 --> 00:20:53,000 It's a lake, it's the biggest lake in the world, it's called the Caspian Sea, 180 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:57,559 But as you can see, it's separated from the Mediterranean and the other sea 181 00:20:57,559 --> 00:21:01,500 In which the Danube, the Dineper and the Don flows 182 00:21:01,500 --> 00:21:06,960 That river is the Danube river, sorry, it's the Volga river, ok? 183 00:21:07,420 --> 00:21:10,460 Then, the Volga, this river is the longest in Europe 184 00:21:10,460 --> 00:21:13,180 It's the longest river in Europe 185 00:21:13,180 --> 00:21:15,140 Sorry, because here 186 00:21:15,140 --> 00:21:20,539 Yes, maybe it doesn't look like this, but it's the longest river 187 00:21:20,539 --> 00:21:43,640 Yes, then finally, another river here is the Ural, because it's a river that starts just in the Ural Mountains, then, as I told you, this river is the Volga, and this river is the Ural River. 188 00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:46,779 Okay, then we are going to start again 189 00:21:46,779 --> 00:21:51,829 We start in the Iberian Peninsula, the Tagus 190 00:21:51,829 --> 00:21:57,250 But I'm not going to ask you about it because I'm going to ask you about this river in the map of Spain 191 00:21:57,250 --> 00:22:01,150 Then in France we start with the Garonne, yes, Garonne 192 00:22:01,150 --> 00:22:04,349 Then the next river is the Loira, yes 193 00:22:04,349 --> 00:22:07,390 The next river is the Seine, Sena, okay 194 00:22:07,390 --> 00:22:12,150 Here we have the theme, that in Spanish is Tamesis, yes 195 00:22:12,150 --> 00:22:22,430 Here, between France and Germany we have the Rhine, this river, here we have the Elbe, 196 00:22:22,430 --> 00:22:28,910 here the next river is the Vistula, that is passed through the capital of Poland, and 197 00:22:28,910 --> 00:22:32,690 finally I'm going to ask you about this river, the Dithuna, okay? 198 00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:36,390 Then in the Mediterranean Sea, I can ask you about these rivers. 199 00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:43,250 First, here, next to France, we have, sorry, in France, we have the Rhône, Rodan. 200 00:22:43,490 --> 00:22:49,769 France has three rivers that flow into the Atlantic, three important rivers, Garonne, Loire, Seine, 201 00:22:50,250 --> 00:22:55,170 and one river, important river, that flow into the Mediterranean Sea, that is the Rhône, yes? 202 00:22:55,630 --> 00:22:57,529 And then, in Italy, we have two rivers. 203 00:22:57,650 --> 00:23:01,730 In the center of Italy, we have the Tiber, and in the north of Italy, we have the Po. 204 00:23:01,730 --> 00:23:09,250 okay then we leave we leave the mediterranean and enter in this other sea but i'm talking 205 00:23:09,250 --> 00:23:15,089 and about i'm talking about it later it's called the black sea but the important thing now remember 206 00:23:15,089 --> 00:23:22,210 in this other sea we have three rivers the first one is the danube this long river that 207 00:23:22,210 --> 00:23:31,089 They start in the center of Europe and flow into the Black Sea, yes? 208 00:23:31,430 --> 00:23:35,910 Then, after the Danube, we have the Dnieper, this other river here. 209 00:23:36,349 --> 00:23:38,349 Then we have the Don, three rivers. 210 00:23:39,890 --> 00:23:42,569 In the Black Sea, this sea, we have three rivers. 211 00:23:42,569 --> 00:23:47,829 The three of them start with D, the Danube, the Dnieper, and the Don, okay? 212 00:23:47,829 --> 00:23:55,970 And in this other lake, we have the Volga, this first one, that is the longest river in Europe, and finally, the Ural. 213 00:23:56,970 --> 00:23:59,789 It's this other river that's starting the Ural Mountains, okay? 214 00:24:01,809 --> 00:24:14,210 Then, apart from know about the, about the, sorry, about the rivers, you also have to know about, 215 00:24:14,210 --> 00:24:24,400 So, we can start with the peninsulas, the peninsulas and the gulfs. 216 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:32,160 Then, peninsulas. Here we have a peninsula, this one is the peninsula of Kola, but I'm not going to ask you about it. 217 00:24:32,279 --> 00:24:36,259 I think that it's more important that you know about this huge peninsula. 218 00:24:38,410 --> 00:24:42,569 This huge peninsula is called the Scandinavian Peninsula. 219 00:24:42,569 --> 00:24:49,349 As I told you, here we have the Scandinavian mountains that are located here in this peninsula. 220 00:24:49,829 --> 00:24:55,650 A peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by the sea in three sides. 221 00:24:56,170 --> 00:25:01,309 Yes, it's like a piece of land that is almost an island but not exactly an island 222 00:25:01,309 --> 00:25:06,630 because it's linked to the rest of the continent by a piece of land. 223 00:25:06,930 --> 00:25:08,650 Then, this is called a peninsula. 224 00:25:08,650 --> 00:25:15,670 In the north of Europe, the most important peninsula is Scandinavian Peninsula, this peninsula. 225 00:25:16,329 --> 00:25:26,069 Because of that, these countries, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, are called the Scandinavian countries 226 00:25:26,069 --> 00:25:30,049 because they are located in or next to the Scandinavian Peninsula. 227 00:25:30,869 --> 00:25:34,829 Then, we have another smaller peninsula, we have this huge peninsula. 228 00:25:34,829 --> 00:25:38,809 And then, next to it, we have another peninsula that is smaller. 229 00:25:38,809 --> 00:25:45,529 this can you see or maybe there are too many things i think that there are too many things 230 00:25:45,529 --> 00:25:53,640 okay one second i think that here better the scandinavian peninsula and next to the 231 00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:57,660 scandinavian peninsula we have this other peninsula that is the hoodland peninsula 232 00:25:57,660 --> 00:26:10,140 in spanish hoodlandia yes hoodland peninsula okay and then other peninsula that you have to know 233 00:26:10,140 --> 00:26:27,640 about is here in France, we have a smaller peninsula that is called Brittany, Bretagne 234 00:26:27,640 --> 00:26:36,400 in Spanish. And finally, you are living in a peninsula, in the Iberian Peninsula. This 235 00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:46,940 is the Iberian Peninsula, that includes Spain and Portugal. Then, next to this peninsula, 236 00:26:46,940 --> 00:26:52,640 we have another peninsula that looks like a boot. Can you see? This is a peninsula 237 00:26:52,640 --> 00:27:00,099 that looks like a boot, usually a botan. Yes, usually we talk about the Italian boot, 238 00:27:00,759 --> 00:27:08,079 because, yes, this looks like a hill, and looks like Sicily, this island is like a ball that 239 00:27:08,079 --> 00:27:13,440 is about, sorry, Italy is about to kick into Spain, into the Iberian Peninsula. Can you see? 240 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:18,759 Then, this is the Italian peninsula. 241 00:27:19,660 --> 00:27:22,779 Why Italian peninsula? Because the country is called Italy. 242 00:27:23,460 --> 00:27:31,599 This peninsula has been called after the name, after the country. 243 00:27:32,839 --> 00:27:33,940 Okay, yes. 244 00:27:39,250 --> 00:27:43,009 And, sorry, finally, we have another peninsula. 245 00:27:48,130 --> 00:27:53,190 This huge peninsula here is called the Balkan Peninsula. 246 00:27:53,670 --> 00:27:57,410 As I told you, here we have the Balkans, a mountain range, 247 00:27:57,869 --> 00:28:03,470 and this peninsula is called the Balkan Peninsula. 248 00:28:06,490 --> 00:28:10,430 Yes, this other peninsula here is located in Asia. 249 00:28:10,509 --> 00:28:12,450 Because of that, now I'm not going to ask you about this. 250 00:28:12,450 --> 00:28:14,750 It's called the Anatolian Peninsula. 251 00:28:14,910 --> 00:28:16,170 I'm going to ask you about these peninsulas. 252 00:28:16,710 --> 00:28:19,529 Then, remember, in the north of Europe, we have this peninsula, 253 00:28:19,690 --> 00:28:21,630 that is the Scandinavian Peninsula. 254 00:28:21,849 --> 00:28:26,170 Next to this huge peninsula, we have a smaller peninsula, that is Jutland. 255 00:28:27,250 --> 00:28:28,890 In fact, Jutland is Denmark. 256 00:28:29,710 --> 00:28:32,089 To know about the history and the geography of Europe 257 00:28:32,089 --> 00:28:35,549 is going to be helpful for you in order to locate things. 258 00:28:35,549 --> 00:28:38,910 For example, the Jutland Peninsula is Denmark today. 259 00:28:39,069 --> 00:28:39,490 Just understand this. 260 00:28:39,809 --> 00:28:40,670 Brittany, here. 261 00:28:40,829 --> 00:28:41,910 Then, this peninsula is here. 262 00:28:42,369 --> 00:28:42,710 Brittany. 263 00:28:42,950 --> 00:28:43,349 Can you see? 264 00:28:43,349 --> 00:28:48,819 And then, in the south of Europe, we have three huge peninsulas. 265 00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:58,599 The Iberian Peninsula, where Spain is located, the Italian Peninsula, the Wood, that corresponds to the country of Italy, and finally, the Balkan Peninsula. 266 00:28:59,759 --> 00:29:00,880 Okay? Good. 267 00:29:02,980 --> 00:29:06,539 Then, now, I'm going to tell you about the islands. 268 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:09,420 You have to know about the following islands. 269 00:29:12,029 --> 00:29:15,410 I can ask you about this island in the north of Europe. 270 00:29:15,410 --> 00:29:20,480 this Iceland is also a country 271 00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:23,410 Iceland 272 00:29:23,410 --> 00:29:27,859 in Spanish, Islandia 273 00:29:27,859 --> 00:29:30,700 then 274 00:29:30,700 --> 00:29:32,660 Great Britain 275 00:29:32,660 --> 00:29:35,759 remember when we 276 00:29:35,759 --> 00:29:37,460 sorry, this is 277 00:29:37,460 --> 00:29:39,339 usually we make 278 00:29:39,339 --> 00:29:42,019 we use 279 00:29:42,019 --> 00:29:44,119 an incorrect name, when you say 280 00:29:44,119 --> 00:29:46,299 Great Britain, you're not talking about the country 281 00:29:46,299 --> 00:29:48,099 you're talking about the Iceland 282 00:29:48,099 --> 00:29:49,920 if you want to talk about the country 283 00:29:49,920 --> 00:29:51,779 you have to say United Kingdom 284 00:29:51,779 --> 00:29:58,880 Because if you say Great Britain, you are talking about the Iceland, only this Iceland, 285 00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:04,740 and it's not completely correct, because this country, apart from this Iceland, also includes 286 00:30:04,740 --> 00:30:06,660 the north of Ireland. 287 00:30:06,660 --> 00:30:10,980 Next then, we have Great Britain, that is this Iceland, and next to this Iceland, we 288 00:30:10,980 --> 00:30:20,190 have another Iceland, that is called Ireland, Great Britain and Ireland. 289 00:30:20,190 --> 00:30:30,109 smaller iceland is ireland okay okay then you have to know about this island iceland yes islandia then 290 00:30:30,109 --> 00:30:37,309 here great britain gran bretagna ireland irlanda okay the island of irlanda is also called the 291 00:30:38,109 --> 00:30:45,819 sorry it's also called the emerald island and in the sorry in the mediterranean sea 292 00:30:45,819 --> 00:31:00,599 Okay, you have to know about, okay, this important island, the most important island in the Mediterranean is this, Sicily, that is located in the center of the Mediterranean, Sicily. 293 00:31:00,599 --> 00:31:26,519 If I ask you about islands in the Mediterranean, I can ask you about this island, but other islands, smaller islands in the Mediterranean, we have this one, Sardinia, it's called Sardinia in Spanish, Sardinia, Cyprus, is this island, and Crete, Greta, okay? 294 00:31:26,519 --> 00:31:31,680 But if I ask you, I'm going to ask you about this Iceland, Sicily, okay? 295 00:31:32,099 --> 00:31:46,400 But remember, this other one is Sardinia, Cyprus, in Spanish, Cyprus, and also Crete. 296 00:31:47,619 --> 00:31:50,339 That is the biggest Iceland in Greece. 297 00:31:51,400 --> 00:31:56,220 Greece includes a lot of Iceland, like a lot, but the bigger Iceland is Crete, okay? 298 00:31:56,539 --> 00:31:57,839 Then, these are the Iceland's. 299 00:31:57,839 --> 00:32:00,799 And finally, the last thing that I can ask you about. 300 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:03,759 Oh, okay, there are more things, but one second, please. 301 00:32:05,019 --> 00:32:07,519 Now, another thing about the coastal relief. 302 00:32:08,140 --> 00:32:14,259 We have seen the peninsulas and the islands, and now I'm going to tell you about the gulfs. 303 00:32:15,420 --> 00:32:20,859 A gulf is a piece of the ocean that is almost surrounded by land. 304 00:32:21,339 --> 00:32:23,839 Not all of it, but almost surrounded. 305 00:32:23,839 --> 00:32:43,720 Then, gulfs. We have here two gulfs. This is the gulf. Can you see this? This is the Baltic Sea. I'm going to tell you about it later. But if you look at this, this looks like a monster, yes? Like some kind of monster that is about to eat Finland. 306 00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:55,480 Then, this monster has like two jaws, mandibulas. The upper jaw, this is the Gulf of Bodnia. 307 00:32:55,480 --> 00:33:13,359 Okay, one second please. I think that's better. This. Then, the Gulf of Bodnia. This is the Gulf of Bodnia. Bodnia. 308 00:33:13,359 --> 00:33:27,740 Okay? And this, because this country is called Finland, this country here is called the Gulf of Finland, Golfo de Finlandia. 309 00:33:33,589 --> 00:33:42,849 Yes? Then, apart from this, you have to know about a very important gulf here in Europe that is located here, next to Spain. 310 00:33:42,849 --> 00:33:52,589 is between spain and france this gulf here that is called don't ask me why because make no sense 311 00:33:53,309 --> 00:34:03,900 it's called bay of this game bay is a small gulf but as you can see is the biggest one of the 312 00:34:03,900 --> 00:34:09,260 biggest gulf in europe why is called bay i don't understand i don't know it's called bay of this 313 00:34:09,260 --> 00:34:17,039 Vizcaya, Bahia de Vizcaya, because this here is a gulf, a small gulf, and this area here 314 00:34:17,039 --> 00:34:22,980 is called Vizcaya, then Velloz Vizcaya, okay? 315 00:34:22,980 --> 00:34:23,980 Another two gulfs. 316 00:34:23,980 --> 00:34:28,860 You have to know here in Mediterranean about two gulfs. 317 00:34:28,860 --> 00:34:31,579 Here can you see the Rhone River, the Rodano? 318 00:34:31,579 --> 00:34:36,739 Then next to the Rhone River we have, sorry, the Rhone River is going to flow into this 319 00:34:36,739 --> 00:34:37,739 gulf. 320 00:34:37,739 --> 00:34:50,639 This gulf is called Gulf of Genoa, oh, sorry, Gulf of Lyon, okay? 321 00:34:50,639 --> 00:35:06,000 And the other, next to it, we have another gulf, here, in the boot, that is called Gulf of Genoa, 322 00:35:06,340 --> 00:35:10,619 because it's located next to the city of Genoa, okay? 323 00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:11,539 One second, please. 324 00:35:11,539 --> 00:35:30,239 Then, Gulf of Lyon, Gulf of Genoa, in Spanish, Golfo de León, and Golfo de Genoa, Gulf of 325 00:35:30,239 --> 00:35:33,460 Lyon, Gulf of Genoa, yes? 326 00:35:33,460 --> 00:35:39,460 I can ask you about these Alps, remember, I can ask you about these Alps, then, here, 327 00:35:39,460 --> 00:35:43,820 in the north of Europe, next to the Scandinavian Peninsula, we have these things that look 328 00:35:43,820 --> 00:35:45,480 like a monster, yes? 329 00:35:45,480 --> 00:35:53,800 And then the upper gap is called Gulf of Vaznia, and the lower is called Gulf of Finland, yes? 330 00:35:53,800 --> 00:36:01,880 Here, between France and Spain, we have the Bay of Biscay, Valle de Vizcaya. 331 00:36:01,880 --> 00:36:08,380 And here, between France and Italy, between the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian Peninsula, 332 00:36:08,380 --> 00:36:14,940 we have first the Gulf of Lyon, into which the Brown River flows, and also the Gulf of 333 00:36:14,940 --> 00:36:22,619 Genoa, next to the Italian peninsula, yes. And finally, I'm going to tell you about the 334 00:36:24,619 --> 00:36:44,730 seas, the seas and the caves. Then, the seas. A sea is a part of an ocean, okay? A sea is a part 335 00:36:44,730 --> 00:36:54,219 of an ocean then this ocean here in the west of europe is the atlantic ocean but 336 00:37:01,849 --> 00:37:08,809 but uh sorry we can distinguish sorry we can differentiate inside an ocean 337 00:37:08,809 --> 00:37:15,050 we can differentiate different parts that are called seas a part of the ocean that is next 338 00:37:15,050 --> 00:37:19,369 to the coast, and has a specific name, is a sea. 339 00:37:19,730 --> 00:37:23,730 A sea is a part of an ocean, okay? A sea is a part of an ocean 340 00:37:23,730 --> 00:37:27,530 that usually is next to the coast, and because of the historical reasons, 341 00:37:27,929 --> 00:37:31,909 can receive a special name. Here, then, in the north, 342 00:37:32,210 --> 00:37:35,570 can you see? In the, next to the Scandinavian Peninsula, 343 00:37:36,050 --> 00:37:39,670 we have the Barents Sea, Elmar de Barents. 344 00:37:47,179 --> 00:37:52,889 Here. And then, here, next to Norway, 345 00:37:52,889 --> 00:38:13,820 We have another sea. This area is called, usually, the Norwegian Sea. Mar del Noruega. 346 00:38:13,820 --> 00:38:24,820 And here, between Norway and England, Great Britain, sorry, usually, this area is called North Sea. Mar del Norte. 347 00:38:24,820 --> 00:38:34,820 Then, in Spanish, Mar del Norte. Then, remember, Barents Sea, this area here, next to the Scandinavian Peninsula. 348 00:38:34,820 --> 00:38:44,019 So, the Norwegian Sea is this area between the Norwegian Peninsula and Iceland, the Norwegian Sea. 349 00:38:44,420 --> 00:38:53,559 Then, the area between the Scandinavian Peninsula and Great Britain is called the North Sea. 350 00:38:54,559 --> 00:39:01,449 Yes, and then, in the Mediterranean, all this sea is called the Mediterranean. 351 00:39:01,449 --> 00:39:08,690 But inside the Mediterranean Sea, there are different areas that receive a specific name. 352 00:39:10,440 --> 00:39:21,820 For example, this area of the Mediterranean that is located between the Italian Peninsula and the Iceland, here is called the Tyrrhenian Sea. 353 00:39:35,539 --> 00:39:44,940 This area that is located between the Italian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula, here, this area is called the Adriatic Sea. 354 00:39:45,980 --> 00:40:02,980 And finally, this area here, between the Balkan Peninsula and the Anatolian Peninsula, is called the Aegean Sea, Mar Egeo, in Spanish. 355 00:40:03,860 --> 00:40:16,130 okay then remember seas in the north of europe we have next to sorry at the east of the scandinavian 356 00:40:16,130 --> 00:40:23,090 peninsula the baren sea here that is in the arctic circle then between the scandinavian peninsula and 357 00:40:23,090 --> 00:40:29,090 iceland we have the norwegian sea between the scandinavian peninsula and the great britain we 358 00:40:29,090 --> 00:40:34,369 have the north sea martin norte and in the mediterranean sea we can distinguish several 359 00:40:34,369 --> 00:40:43,250 areas here between the italian peninsula and this island corsica sardinia and sicily we have the 360 00:40:43,250 --> 00:40:49,010 tyrrhenian sea here between the italian peninsula and the balkan peninsula we have the adriatic sea 361 00:40:49,650 --> 00:40:55,809 and here between the balkan peninsula and anatolia asia we have the aegean sea okay 362 00:40:55,809 --> 00:41:02,090 Finally, you only have to know about three, sorry, three capes, cabos. 363 00:41:02,590 --> 00:41:08,250 Capes are like a piece of land that projects into the sea. 364 00:41:09,070 --> 00:41:16,210 Then, first, here in Norway, in the north of Norway, we have a cape called the North Cape, Cabo Norte. 365 00:41:26,119 --> 00:41:29,179 Another cape that you have to know about is here in Spain. 366 00:41:29,179 --> 00:41:31,960 Well, in the Iberian Peninsula 367 00:41:31,960 --> 00:41:33,699 Yes, in the Iberian Peninsula we have this 368 00:41:33,699 --> 00:41:35,559 That is called Finisterre 369 00:41:35,559 --> 00:41:37,519 It's called Finisterre because 370 00:41:37,519 --> 00:41:40,340 The Romans, when they reached the Iberian Peninsula 371 00:41:40,340 --> 00:41:44,820 They thought that that was the end of the lands 372 00:41:44,820 --> 00:41:47,039 That means Finisterre in Latin 373 00:41:47,039 --> 00:41:52,699 Sorry, they thought that the land ended in this point 374 00:41:52,699 --> 00:41:55,260 That after this there was only oceans 375 00:41:55,260 --> 00:41:57,440 There was no more lands 376 00:41:57,440 --> 00:41:59,320 Yes, cave Finisterre, 377 00:41:59,440 --> 00:41:59,960 Fin de la Tierra. 378 00:42:01,699 --> 00:42:03,940 And finally, in the south, 379 00:42:04,619 --> 00:42:05,539 here in Portugal, 380 00:42:05,760 --> 00:42:07,159 we have the cave San Vincente, 381 00:42:07,800 --> 00:42:08,719 Cabo San Vicente. 382 00:42:10,420 --> 00:42:10,940 Okay? 383 00:42:16,659 --> 00:42:17,039 Then, 384 00:42:18,079 --> 00:42:20,559 these are all the things that you have to know about the 385 00:42:20,559 --> 00:42:22,559 about the relief of Europe. 386 00:42:23,059 --> 00:42:24,260 I will take, 387 00:42:24,400 --> 00:42:26,440 I will record other video about the 388 00:42:26,440 --> 00:42:27,980 relief of the Iberian Peninsula. 389 00:42:28,380 --> 00:42:30,440 But remember, not all these things are going 390 00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:32,400 to appear. Maybe I'm going to ask about 391 00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:34,400 three or four rivers, maybe a 392 00:42:34,400 --> 00:42:36,320 couple of seas, but not all of them. But it's 393 00:42:36,320 --> 00:42:38,360 important that you remember about all 394 00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:40,059 these things, okay? Then 395 00:42:40,059 --> 00:42:42,460 next day I will record 396 00:42:42,460 --> 00:42:44,340 other about the relief of 397 00:42:44,340 --> 00:42:45,599 Europe. Goodbye.