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Hello, everyone. I hope you are doing well and that you are enjoying being able to go outside again.

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Today, we are going to continue learning about Spain in the Middle Ages.

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So first, let's look at our timeline.

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9th century. In 817, there was the County of Aragon. In 830, the Kingdom of Pamplona.

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In 854, Aster Leonese Kingdom. And in 897, the Catalan Counties.

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Then in the 11th century, we had the Kingdom of Castile in the year 1035.

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12th century. In 1137, there was the crown of Aragon. In 1139, we had the kingdom of Portugal.

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And in 1150 was the kingdom of Navarre. Okay, now let's talk about the expansion,

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the growth of the Christian kingdoms. From the 8th century, small areas of Christian

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resistance to the Muslims became counties and kingdoms in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

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We have the Kingdom of Asturias. This was established by Don Palaio. He was a Christian leader in the Battle of Covadonga in 722.

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The Kingdom of Asturias became part of the Kingdom of Castile in 1035.

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There was also the Kingdom of Navarre, the County of Aragon, and the Catalan Counties.

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So these were all areas in the north of Christian resistance to the Muslims.

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In the 11th century, the Christian monarchs started to conquer Al-Andalus.

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So in this picture on the bottom left, you can see what the Iberian Peninsula looked like in the 11th century.

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We had these kingdoms of Christian resistance to the Muslims in the north.

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And here we have Al-Andalus.

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But starting in the 11th century, the Christian monarchs began to conquer Al-Andalus.

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In the 13th century, following the Christian victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212,

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Al-Andalus was reduced to the Kingdom of Granada.

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So after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa,

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Al-Andalus became much smaller.

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It went from taking up most of the Iberian Peninsula

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to only including the Kingdom of Granada,

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seen in the picture at the bottom right.

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yellow. Four major Christian kingdoms were established. There was the Kingdom

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of Castile, seen here in orange, Kingdom of Navarre, that's over here in green,

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Crown of Aragon, that's here in the red, and the Kingdom of Portugal, that's over

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here in this pinkish purple color. So as you can see, the group that have power in

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the Iberian Peninsula changed a lot from the 11th century to the 13th century.

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the Christian kingdoms expanded. Okay, that's all for now. Goodbye!