1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:06,559
All nuclear-encoded mRNAs are transported through nuclear pores and then translated in the cytosol.

2
00:00:07,379 --> 00:00:12,039
Special targeting sequences direct the protein to a specific membrane or organelle.

3
00:00:12,679 --> 00:00:18,699
For example, nuclear proteins fold in the cytosol and then enter the nucleus through the nuclear pores.

4
00:00:23,109 --> 00:00:29,769
Paroxysomal proteins also fold in the cytosol and then cross the paroxysome membrane into the organelle lumen.

5
00:00:29,769 --> 00:00:39,899
Special targeting sequences direct mitochondrial proteins to where the inner and outer membranes are close together.

6
00:00:40,659 --> 00:00:42,719
These sequences are cleaved in the matrix.

7
00:00:43,640 --> 00:00:46,280
Some proteins are incorporated into the inner membrane.

8
00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:52,780
Other mitochondrial proteins cross into the inner membrane space, while others remain in the matrix.

9
00:00:55,740 --> 00:00:58,479
Chloroplast proteins are processed in a similar way.

10
00:00:58,479 --> 00:01:01,899
They cross the outer and inner membranes to enter the stroma.

11
00:01:02,479 --> 00:01:04,519
Some fold in the stroma and remain there.

12
00:01:04,819 --> 00:01:11,019
Other proteins cross the chloroplast membranes, transit the stroma, and fold in the thylakoids.