1 00:00:02,859 --> 00:00:19,899 The Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom at the end of the 18th century, then extended to other countries. 2 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:32,420 In Spain, the Industrial Revolution took place in the 19th century. Factories were built mainly in Catalonia and the Basque Country. 3 00:00:32,420 --> 00:00:39,420 The invention of the steam engine will be relevant for this century. 4 00:00:39,420 --> 00:00:44,420 Thanks to the steam engine, trains and steamboats will be developed. 5 00:00:44,420 --> 00:00:53,420 And the energy sources like electricity, petroleum or coal will be used. 6 00:00:53,420 --> 00:01:00,420 Then the textile of the mechanical industries will advance really really fast. 7 00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:09,420 Small crewmen workshops will be replaced by factories operated by workers. 8 00:01:09,420 --> 00:01:19,420 As consequence of the industrial revolution, many important economic and social changes will take place. 9 00:01:19,420 --> 00:01:32,629 A society that was based on a great culture will be transformed into a society based on industrial activities. 10 00:01:32,629 --> 00:01:51,680 In 1807, Napoleon Bonaparte, the emperor of France, decided to occupy Portugal, while the king of Spain, Carlos IV, allowed him to go across Spain. 11 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:57,680 On the way to Portugal, the French troops invaded some Spanish cities. 12 00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:10,479 In 188, the French troops were in Spain. 13 00:02:10,479 --> 00:02:20,240 But while Carlos VI was in the palace of Aranjuez, the population was going to have a riot. 14 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:26,659 This is called the motín of Aranjuez. 15 00:02:26,659 --> 00:02:38,800 The population first sent Carlos IV to abdicate and his son Fernando VII became the new king. 16 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:47,180 soon after Napoli first forced Fernando VII to abdicate, so his brother José Bonaparte 17 00:02:47,180 --> 00:03:07,939 has proclaimed a king, the population called him Pepe Botella. 18 00:03:07,939 --> 00:03:15,500 The population of Madrid didn't accept José Bonaparte as king of Spain, so they rebelled 19 00:03:15,500 --> 00:03:21,500 against the French and the War of the Dependent States. 20 00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:26,500 The Spanish population fought against José Bonaparte and the French. 21 00:03:26,500 --> 00:03:36,500 This war lasted until 1840 when the French were defeated and Fernando VII returned as the King of Spain. 22 00:03:36,500 --> 00:03:41,500 Yes, Fernando VII, King of Spain, one more time. 23 00:03:41,500 --> 00:03:54,500 During the war, the Spanish parliament approved the Spanish first constitution, the constitution of Cádiz. 24 00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:10,840 This constitution limited the king's power and established strong ranks for citizens like the right to vote. 25 00:04:19,509 --> 00:04:22,269 Viva la Pepa, the Spanish first constitution. 26 00:04:22,269 --> 00:04:28,610 The first Spanish Constitution was approved in Cádiz in 1912. 27 00:04:30,209 --> 00:04:38,889 It recognized Fernando VII as king, but also included new ideas, the qualities of the freedom of the press. 28 00:04:40,730 --> 00:04:45,930 The Constitution only lasted two years, and the people who supported it were arrested. 29 00:04:45,930 --> 00:04:52,930 Just because it was approved on San Jose's day, people started to call La Pepa. 30 00:04:52,930 --> 00:04:57,930 So people in the street started to shout Viva La Pepa! 31 00:04:57,930 --> 00:05:09,350 The reign of Fernando VII. 32 00:05:09,350 --> 00:05:15,350 In 1814 Fernando VII returned as the King of Spain. 33 00:05:15,350 --> 00:05:24,050 But he didn't like the Spanish Constitution. 34 00:05:24,050 --> 00:05:28,050 So he re-established an absolute monarchy. 35 00:05:28,050 --> 00:05:31,490 he recovered the whole power again. 36 00:05:31,490 --> 00:05:34,410 This decision caused political disorder, 37 00:05:34,410 --> 00:05:38,970 and as a result, most of American colonies and territories 38 00:05:38,970 --> 00:05:46,569 became independent. 39 00:05:46,569 --> 00:05:49,089 The reign of Isabel II. 40 00:05:49,089 --> 00:05:52,149 In Spain, according to all the testimonies, 41 00:05:52,149 --> 00:05:54,550 the law of succession. 42 00:05:54,550 --> 00:05:57,790 Only the mens couldn't reign. 43 00:05:57,790 --> 00:06:01,269 Fernando VII changed this law to his daughter 44 00:06:01,269 --> 00:06:08,470 could ascend to the throne. 45 00:06:08,470 --> 00:06:15,829 Isabel II became queen when Fernando VI died in 1833. 46 00:06:15,829 --> 00:06:23,250 During her reign, there was a constitutional monarchy 47 00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:26,589 that would limit the power. 48 00:06:26,589 --> 00:06:32,069 But lots of conflicts, riots, and changes of government 49 00:06:32,069 --> 00:06:45,709 led to revolution and in 1868 Isabel II went to France into exile. 50 00:06:45,709 --> 00:06:54,470 The first Spanish Republic. In 1887 Amadeo de Savoia of Italy became king. However he 51 00:06:54,470 --> 00:07:00,750 was a forgone monarch. He didn't have much time support so he abdicated two years later. 52 00:07:00,750 --> 00:07:15,920 later in 1873 members of parliament proclaimed the first spanish republic a form of government 53 00:07:15,920 --> 00:07:25,310 with no king the spanish flag is going to change again the emblem of the flag is going to lose the 54 00:07:25,310 --> 00:07:31,069 crown on top in a republic there are no kings but in one year of the republic there will be 55 00:07:31,069 --> 00:07:43,069 precedence. So a little facts like the war in Cuba, our agriculture and industrial problems will finish this Spanish Republic. 56 00:07:43,069 --> 00:07:48,069 The most important one will be the lack of support. 57 00:07:50,069 --> 00:08:02,050 So in 1874 the son of Isabel II, Alfonso XII, will be crowned as the king of Spain. 58 00:08:02,050 --> 00:08:10,290 At the end of this century, Spain lost the last colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.