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Hello, Cuarto. Today I will be reading Unit 4 of Social Sciences about rocks and minerals.

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I hope you are all well and healthy. Don't mind me if I'm turning my head, it is simply to read.

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And now I will begin.

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Unit 4, Rocks and Minerals. Objectives. In this unit you will learn about minerals and their properties.

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Different types of rocks and how they form. The uses of rocks and minerals.

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1. This is sulfur. It's a mineral. Minerals are substances that occur naturally on earth

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and in other places in the universe. These are rocks. Rocks also occur naturally.

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They're made of different minerals and fragments of other rocks.

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3. Some rocks contain material from dead animals and plants. Fossils are preserved

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remains of the material and can be seen in some types of rock. Four, lava is hot liquid rock that

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comes out of a volcano. Some rocks form when lava cools on the earth's surface after a volcanic

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eruption. Five, calcium is a mineral that can be found in lots of foods such as yogurt, cheese,

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and beans. It's an essential mineral for all living things. This, six, this is a quarry where

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rock is mined from the earth's surface. We use rock as a building material, for example, to make

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roofs, walls, floors, and roads. Let's go rock hunting. Minerals. Have you ever seen any minerals?

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Where? Read and think. One. Read and find out. What are the four properties of minerals?

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B. Name a hard and soft mineral. Minerals are inorganic substances that occur naturally on or

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under the earth's surface. They can be pure elements or compounds of one or more elements.

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All minerals have a crystal structure. Each mineral has a different composition and a unique

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structure. This gives each mineral its own color, crystal structure, luster, and hardness. So what

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are the four properties of minerals? Color, crystal structure, luster, and hardness.

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Mineralogists use these properties to categorize minerals. So mineralogists are people who study

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rocks and minerals. So let's think of the 10 minerals that are written here. Calcium, gold,

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diamond, sodium, sulfur, graphite, quartz, cobalt, talc, and mica. And guess what? I have

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an example of mica here. I don't know if you can see. We'll learn about it soon enough. Color.

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Color. Minerals are different colors. Some minerals such as sodium and calcium are white

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and others such as mica and graphite are gray. Many minerals are bright colors. Sulfur is yellow.

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Quartz can be pink and cobalt is blue. Crystal structure. Minerals have different shaped crystals.

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For example, sodium crystals are square. Quartz crystals have six sides.

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Mica crystals are flat sheets and calcium crystals are sharp.

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Luster. Minerals react differently to light. Some reflect a lot of light and look shiny.

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For example, gold and diamonds. Others reflect less light and look dull.

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for example, graphite and talc. Hardness. The hardness of a mineral is its resistance to

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scratching. Scratching is scratching. Hardness is determined using the Mohs hardness scale,

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which you all have in your book and is also in the presentation that

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teacher Beatriz should have sent you. It measures hardness based on whether we can scratch a mineral

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with another harder mineral, a knife, our fingernails, or other material. Some minerals

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are very hard. They're difficult to scratch. For example, diamond has a 10 because it can't be

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scratched by another mineral. Other minerals are soft. Talc has a 1 because it's easy to scratch

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it using our fingernails. That is a very soft mineral. Rocks. Do you think there are rocks

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on the moon? Hmm, that's a good question. Read and think. One, read and find out how these types

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of rocks form. A, igneous rock, B, sedimentary rock, and C, metamorphic rock. The lithosphere

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is the solid outer layer of the earth. It's made up of the crust, which is solid rock,

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and the upper part of the mantle.

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So core, mantle, crust, where it's in the mantle,

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where it's hotter and the rock is more fluid.

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Rocks are made of one or more minerals, right?

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So they're kind of a compound.