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what is the world made of all about solids liquids and gases have you ever seen any one walk through a wall hi i can walk through walls how did you do that

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did you ever drink a glass of blocks have you ever played with a lemonade doll or put on milk for socks walls and blocks dolls and socks milk and lemonade rocks and trees

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all of these things are made of matter the air in the breeze that blows the leaves water flowing in the creek everything on earth is made of matter

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lucky for us it's easy to tell that not all matter is alike matter comes in three states it can be solid liquid or gas

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walls and blocks and socks are solids milk and lemonade and water are liquids the air you breathe is a gas some solids are hard and some are soft

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but all solids hold their shape unless you do something to change them a wooden block is hard you can push it and pull it and squeeze it it will always stay squared

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if your baby brother pounds it with his toy truck it may chip or break but then the broken pieces will hold their shapes

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modeling clay is soft you can roll it out flat like a pancake or squeeze it into a ball you can cut it with a knife or scissors but if you leave it alone it will hold whatever shape it is in it is a solid

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what do you think awesome liquids have no shape you pour a glass of milk for your little sister and the milk takes on the shape of the glass

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if she knocks it over the milk spreads out on to the table-top it flows over the edge like a waterfall it drips and spatters on the floor milk is not round or square it has no shape at all

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oops what a mess liquids can be thick like a milkshake or thin like water they can feel slippery like cooking oil or sticky like maple syrup

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but all liquids can be poured and all liquids take on the shape of whatever they are in gases have no shape either like air most gases are invisible you cannot see them

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But you can feel them. Hold out your arms and spin. You can feel the air move against your skin. Air fills up the space all around you. Gases spread out to fill up any container they are in, no matter how big.

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ask a grown-up if you can borrow a bottle of perfume then ask some one to be your assistant go into a room and close all the doors and windows

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stand in one corner and have your assistant stand in the opposite corner open the bottle and wave it around gently

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can your friend smell the perfume how long does it take before she can smell it when you open a bottle of perfume some of the gas in the perfume escapes in a few minutes the gas will spread out to every corner of the room

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do you smell it yet yes now i do i'll put it in the freezer water is a special type of matter that can change easily from a liquid to a gas

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it can also change easily from a liquid to a solid and back again when matter changes form we say it is changing its state

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a change in temperature is what usually causes matter to change its state whenever you make ice cubes you are changing water from a liquid to a solid state to make ice cubes

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all you have to do is pour water into an ice cube tray and put the tray in the freezer then wait the cold air in the freezer cools the water

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in a few hours the liquid water gets so cold that it freezes it is solid pop an ice cube out of the tray how does it feel push it and pull it and squeeze it it is as solid as one of your wooden blocks

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if you hold it in your hand for a while though you will feel the ice turning into water again is the ice as hard as this block yes the warmth from your hand makes the ice melt

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liquid water begins to drip between your fingers and run up your sleeve hey mine is melting be careful the pot is very hot i see bubbles

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with a grown-up's help you can watch water turning from a liquid to a gas state fill a small saucepan about half-way with water put the saucepan on the stove and let the grown-up turn on the burner

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after a while heat from the burner will make the water hot look carefully and you will see small bubbles forming in the bottom of the pan

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as it is heated some of the water turns into bubbles of gas the gas is called water vapor soon the bubbles begin to rise and pop the water is boiling

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as the bubbles pop the water vapor moves up into the room you might see wisps of whitish steam rising above the water

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the steam is concentrated water vapor do not try to touch the steam it is very hot and could burn your skin

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like all gases the water vapor gradually spreads throughout the room you are in if the door is open it will keep on spreading out the door you cannot see it but the water vapor is there all around you

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the water vapor is in that room too it is if you want to see it again you have to change it back into water

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fill a drinking glass with water and ice cubes this works better if you break the cubes into small pieces make sure the outside of the glass is dry

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before long you will see droplets of water forming on the outside of the glass the ice makes the glass cold the cold glass cools the water vapor that is in the air next to it

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as the water vapor cools it turns back into liquid water again it gathers and drops on the outside of the glass i see it

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all matter everything on earth is either liquid solid liquid or gas water changes its state easily as it gets warmer or colder

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but most things stay in one state or another solids stay solid liquids stay liquid gases stay gaseous

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our snowman sure is solid so am i can we come in and it's a good thing they do

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can you imagine a world where your toys melt when it gets too hot where the walls of your house turn into hazy gas and animals just walk in and out as they please

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a place where on cold days you have to swim through the air and where everything you'd like to drink is hard as a block what a crazy world it would be