1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:05,500 Well, today we are going to start, we are going to study the characteristics of the 2 00:00:05,500 --> 00:00:12,740 occupation of the Third Reich, it means the characteristics of the Hitler's empire. 3 00:00:12,740 --> 00:00:16,699 So what we are going to see is the different territories that they are going to be conquered, 4 00:00:16,699 --> 00:00:21,160 they are going to be allies, how they are going to mistreat the population, and also 5 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:31,420 So what we are going to see is how they are going to exploit economically these territories. 6 00:00:31,420 --> 00:00:33,899 So let's begin with the type of political dominance. 7 00:00:33,899 --> 00:00:38,299 If you remember when we were talking about the different colonies, we talked about different 8 00:00:38,299 --> 00:00:39,679 type of colonies. 9 00:00:39,679 --> 00:00:44,340 In Unit 5, Imperialism, we talked about different type of colonies. 10 00:00:44,340 --> 00:00:49,479 So what we are going to see now is the different type of territories that they are going to 11 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:56,920 be related to the nazis empire to the third reich okay so we are going to see that there are going 12 00:00:56,920 --> 00:01:01,560 to be three type of territories the first one is the territories that they are going to be annexed 13 00:01:02,679 --> 00:01:09,079 by germany and they are now going to be part of germany it means luxembourg bohemia alsace 14 00:01:09,079 --> 00:01:14,200 lorraine etc it means all these territories remember how was germany before the second 15 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:25,280 World War, so the idea is Austria, the Sudetenland, Bohemia, parts of Poland, Alsace and Lorraine 16 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:30,519 are going to be now part of Germany, it means these are territories that they have been 17 00:01:30,519 --> 00:01:39,040 annexed by Germany, so this is the German Empire and we can see different territories, 18 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:43,540 the territories that they have been annexed to Germany and they are forming now Germany 19 00:01:43,540 --> 00:01:48,920 itself the territories that they have been conquered ruled by the Germans 20 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:54,879 territories that they are going to have a local ruler like protectorates and 21 00:01:54,879 --> 00:02:00,700 allies okay there are going to be allies like Italy so what they are going to see 22 00:02:00,700 --> 00:02:04,780 is the first category is this territory that they has been annexed to Germany 23 00:02:04,780 --> 00:02:12,340 and they are now part of Germany so when we talk imagine Spain annexing Portugal 24 00:02:12,340 --> 00:02:14,819 And Portugal being a new Comunidad Autónoma 25 00:02:14,819 --> 00:02:17,319 So Spain would be the whole peninsula 26 00:02:17,319 --> 00:02:19,699 With Portugal as a Comunidad Autónoma 27 00:02:19,699 --> 00:02:21,099 So this would be the same 28 00:02:21,099 --> 00:02:23,139 Germany, the Nazi Germany 29 00:02:23,139 --> 00:02:24,319 Conquering new territories 30 00:02:24,319 --> 00:02:25,840 Annexing, sorry, not conquering 31 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:26,960 Annexing new territories 32 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:29,860 That they are going to be now part of Germany 33 00:02:29,860 --> 00:02:32,219 There is no distinction 34 00:02:32,219 --> 00:02:36,740 The second is the satellite states 35 00:02:36,740 --> 00:02:38,139 It means those states 36 00:02:38,139 --> 00:02:39,319 That they are going to be 37 00:02:39,319 --> 00:02:41,580 Or allies, like Finland, Italy 38 00:02:41,580 --> 00:02:48,560 or that they are going to have local governments that they are going to be set by the germans 39 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:55,620 for example imagine spain i don't know conquering portugal and saying okay portugal is going to be 40 00:02:55,620 --> 00:03:02,439 independent but is going to depend on spain so we are going to establish someone a political party 41 00:03:02,439 --> 00:03:09,520 a person ruling the country that is going to be that is going to depend on spain okay so this is 42 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:14,680 the idea there are going to be governments in territories that they are going to collaborate 43 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:22,039 with the nazi occupation okay so local governments that they are going to be under control of the 44 00:03:22,039 --> 00:03:29,599 nazi control they depend on the nazi regime but they are independent they are going to govern 45 00:03:29,599 --> 00:03:36,919 the territory not the nazis but they depend on the nazis okay for example the france of vichy 46 00:03:36,919 --> 00:03:43,479 is this region, that is, they are territories that are going to put a local governor in this 47 00:03:43,479 --> 00:03:48,919 case in the vichy france is going to put the mariscal petén is worth the general petén and this general 48 00:03:48,919 --> 00:03:57,080 petén directs this part of france the vichy france this part the rest of this other france is worth 49 00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:03,740 is conquered and occupied by germans but this one is worth although it depends on germany it is 50 00:04:03,740 --> 00:04:10,300 administrada por el Mariscal Petén, y el Mariscal Petén es francés. 51 00:04:10,300 --> 00:04:17,699 So that's the idea, satellite states could be allies Finland, Italy, or could be territories 52 00:04:17,699 --> 00:04:22,980 where they are going to set different local governments, it's like a protectorate if you 53 00:04:22,980 --> 00:04:25,379 remember the type of colonies. 54 00:04:25,379 --> 00:04:31,079 In this case what we have is this region, this France of Vichy, that is going to be 55 00:04:31,079 --> 00:04:34,839 governed by the General Petain, ok? 56 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:39,019 So this is the Vichy France, the France of Vichy. 57 00:04:39,019 --> 00:04:45,540 So apart from these territories annexed to Germany that they are now part of Germany, 58 00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:50,040 we are going to have the satellite states that could be allies or governments, local 59 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:55,500 governments established by the Nazis, and finally what we are going to have is occupied 60 00:04:55,500 --> 00:04:57,980 territories, ok? 61 00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:06,220 However before we talk about this, these governments established by the Nazis, like the Vichy France, 62 00:05:06,220 --> 00:05:10,660 are going to be governments that they have the same ideology as the Nazis or close to 63 00:05:10,660 --> 00:05:11,660 the Nazis. 64 00:05:11,660 --> 00:05:18,759 I'm not saying Petain was a Nazi, but Petain has an ideology close to Nazism. 65 00:05:18,759 --> 00:05:22,939 So that's why they are going to collaborate with the Nazi occupation. 66 00:05:22,939 --> 00:05:30,519 why the nazis are going to let these local governments to govern these territories okay 67 00:05:30,519 --> 00:05:35,579 the third type of political dominance are the occupied territories these territories that they 68 00:05:35,579 --> 00:05:41,339 are going to be under control of germany they are not part of germany they are not going to have a 69 00:05:41,339 --> 00:05:47,000 local government and they are going to be considered of minor importance so the population 70 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:53,779 is going to be mistreated, like the Baltic countries or East Poland, okay, so these territories, 71 00:05:54,779 --> 00:06:01,899 these territories, that they are going to be conquered, okay, are going to be considered, 72 00:06:01,899 --> 00:06:08,899 they are going to be considered of minor importance, so the population is going to 73 00:06:08,899 --> 00:06:17,699 mistreated they are going to remember all the the most of the the concentration camps and 74 00:06:17,699 --> 00:06:22,819 extermination most of the extermination camps are going to be in Poland in these regions that they 75 00:06:22,819 --> 00:06:28,980 are not part of Germany that they are in the regions occupied conquered by the Germans okay 76 00:06:29,540 --> 00:06:36,899 so these territories Denmark Norway etc they are going to be territories conquered by 77 00:06:36,899 --> 00:06:43,620 the germans by the nazis and where they are going to mistreat the population and they are not going 78 00:06:43,620 --> 00:06:51,060 to take into consideration the problems of these regions okay so it's not the same to have a local 79 00:06:51,060 --> 00:06:56,899 government to be an ally or to be part of germany in this case is territories conquest and 80 00:06:56,899 --> 00:07:04,660 administrate by the nazis but they are going to be mistreated okay they are like colonies remember 81 00:07:04,660 --> 00:07:09,459 when the Europeans went to the colonies to Africa when they were conquering the 82 00:07:09,459 --> 00:07:12,579 colonies they were mistreating the population they were killing the 83 00:07:12,579 --> 00:07:17,800 population they were just extracting the raw materials so that is going to be the 84 00:07:17,800 --> 00:07:23,439 goal of this occupied territories an economic goal okay and to use the 85 00:07:23,439 --> 00:07:29,439 population of these territories in order to extract the raw materials that's why 86 00:07:29,439 --> 00:07:35,480 Why would the main goal of these territories is going to be the economic exploitation? 87 00:07:35,480 --> 00:07:37,060 So let's check something first. 88 00:07:37,060 --> 00:07:45,279 Remember, these are the three type of territories inside of the Nazis Empire, the Third Reich. 89 00:07:45,279 --> 00:07:49,800 Annex territories that they are going to be part of Germany, satellite states, allies 90 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:54,660 or governments that they are going to collaborate with the Nazi occupation or directly these 91 00:07:54,660 --> 00:07:59,899 territories that they are going to be conquered by the Nazis and that they are going to be used 92 00:07:59,899 --> 00:08:06,680 in order to obtain people to exploit their economic resources or to obtain directly the 93 00:08:06,680 --> 00:08:13,819 economic resources. That's why one of the most important goals of this empire was the economic 94 00:08:13,819 --> 00:08:20,600 exploitation. Remember, Hitler was creating this empire for two reasons. The first one is they are 95 00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:25,899 superior race they need all the germans inside the german borders so they want these germans 96 00:08:25,899 --> 00:08:32,220 that they are in eastern europe to be under german control second they they have the theory of the 97 00:08:32,220 --> 00:08:38,940 11th round the living space they need new resources in order to survive how conquering 98 00:08:38,940 --> 00:08:47,460 new territories where in eastern europe so these are the territories conquered in order to obtain 99 00:08:47,460 --> 00:08:58,379 the resources for this living Spain, this is the living space that Germany needed in 100 00:08:58,379 --> 00:09:01,730 order to survive. 101 00:09:01,730 --> 00:09:05,809 So let's see, the economic goal was to exploit the territories for the benefit of Germany, 102 00:09:05,809 --> 00:09:11,490 of course, Germany needs raw materials, so Germany is going to conquer this territory 103 00:09:11,490 --> 00:09:16,610 in order to obtain the materials or in order to obtain the resources, second, how they 104 00:09:16,610 --> 00:09:22,690 are going to obtain the resources force the people these territories and the people to contribute to 105 00:09:22,690 --> 00:09:29,250 the german war effort and supply the right so it means there is an economic goal of this expansion 106 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:36,929 of this empire to obtain these raw materials to obtain these people to obtain a labor 107 00:09:38,210 --> 00:09:45,009 people to work on the factories so how they are going to obtain this by force it means conquering 108 00:09:45,009 --> 00:09:51,190 them and forcing the population to work for the germans okay so they are going to force these 109 00:09:51,190 --> 00:09:56,730 territories these countries to give to germany the raw materials agricultural products industrial 110 00:09:56,730 --> 00:10:04,549 goods and workers in order to develop the german economy so everything is going to be 111 00:10:04,549 --> 00:10:12,269 addressed to the benefit of germany okay everything is for the benefit of germany 112 00:10:12,269 --> 00:10:19,929 And you need to understand that the 30% of the workers in Germany's arms industry were 113 00:10:19,929 --> 00:10:20,929 foreigners. 114 00:10:20,929 --> 00:10:28,330 It means 30% of workers in Germany that they are working in industry addressed to military 115 00:10:28,330 --> 00:10:33,070 purposes, they were foreigners. 116 00:10:33,070 --> 00:10:34,529 So they were foreigners. 117 00:10:34,529 --> 00:10:42,250 Here you have the data, in 1939 in Germany we have 300.000. 118 00:10:42,269 --> 00:10:48,990 we talk about civilians not prisoners of war remember there is no war before September 1939 119 00:10:48,990 --> 00:11:00,110 okay 800,000 civilian population in 1940 but in 1844 is 5,300,000 people from different countries 120 00:11:00,110 --> 00:11:06,909 working in Germany in the arms industry it means Germany is going to take these workers from the 121 00:11:06,909 --> 00:11:13,470 different conquered territories in order to work in Germany, in order to produce the military 122 00:11:13,470 --> 00:11:21,309 weapons, the military bombs, et cetera, to produce all these manufactured products. 123 00:11:21,850 --> 00:11:27,330 So the idea is they are going to expand and conquer new territories in Eastern Europe 124 00:11:27,330 --> 00:11:33,870 in order to obtain raw materials and in order to obtain these people to work in the industry, 125 00:11:33,870 --> 00:11:42,059 in the german industry addressed to military purposes and 30 percent of these workers are 126 00:11:42,059 --> 00:11:47,759 going to be foreigners remember this is a lot of people okay remember there are going to be also 127 00:11:47,759 --> 00:11:56,039 prisoners of war more than 1 million almost 2 millions in 1944 2 million people that they are 128 00:11:56,039 --> 00:12:06,200 prisoners remember the Comunidad de Madrid has six million and a half it's like having more than 129 00:12:06,200 --> 00:12:16,850 the whole Comunidad de Madrid everyone working for military purposes in 1944 so the result is 130 00:12:16,850 --> 00:12:23,509 going to be a max exodus famine and high mortality rate okay first why high mortality rate because 131 00:12:23,509 --> 00:12:29,730 they are going to force to do hard work it means that they need to work a lot and they are they are 132 00:12:29,730 --> 00:12:34,610 not going to be well fed they are not going to have enough food that's why they are going to 133 00:12:34,610 --> 00:12:40,070 suffer famine so what we are going to see is high mortality rates and famine in these territories 134 00:12:40,070 --> 00:12:46,730 conquered okay by the germans because they are mistreating the population in order to use them 135 00:12:46,730 --> 00:12:53,389 for the arms industry or to extract these raw materials agricultural products etc also there 136 00:12:53,389 --> 00:13:01,049 is going to be a mass exodus. Mass exodus quiere decir éxodo en masa. La gente huye del dominio 137 00:13:01,049 --> 00:13:10,049 alemán. Por tanto, va a haber gente que huye de sus países a otros, ¿vale? O gente que va a ser 138 00:13:10,049 --> 00:13:16,830 forzada a vivir en Alemania, a irse de Polonia a Alemania para trabajar para los alemanes, ¿ok? 139 00:13:16,830 --> 00:13:26,370 that's a mass exodus again mass exodus again mass exodus because of the war so 140 00:13:26,370 --> 00:13:31,289 that's the idea that is what there is a Hitler is going to create this Empire to 141 00:13:31,289 --> 00:13:35,610 obtain these raw materials to obtain these people to work and the result of 142 00:13:35,610 --> 00:13:41,769 this economic goals was this mass exodus people running away or people forced to 143 00:13:41,769 --> 00:13:50,490 move from their countries to Germany or other countries. Famine because they are 144 00:13:50,490 --> 00:13:54,389 not going to be well-fed, they are not going to have enough food to eat. And 145 00:13:54,389 --> 00:13:58,490 finally high mortality rates of course if they are not well-fed they are going 146 00:13:58,490 --> 00:14:02,909 to die or because they are doing hard work okay to work in the industries is 147 00:14:02,909 --> 00:14:10,129 not easy so in the arms industry so they are going to die because of that okay. So 148 00:14:10,129 --> 00:14:15,350 finally what we have is the third one and is the subjugation of the population 149 00:14:15,350 --> 00:14:19,370 it means how they are going to force the population to do this through violence 150 00:14:19,370 --> 00:14:24,350 and terror they are going to sub a subjugate, subyugar, dominar 151 00:14:24,350 --> 00:14:28,970 okay they are going to control the population okay and they are going to do 152 00:14:28,970 --> 00:14:33,769 is through violence and terror okay it means they are going to use the Gestapo 153 00:14:33,769 --> 00:14:38,210 they are going to use the police in order to check if the people for example 154 00:14:38,210 --> 00:14:44,230 you are against Nazism or you are you are I don't know part of the Communist Party okay you are 155 00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:49,070 going to be executed or you are in favor of democracy executed or sent to a concentration 156 00:14:49,070 --> 00:14:58,029 camp etc so the idea is they are going to live with terror with a scare because the police 157 00:14:58,029 --> 00:15:05,470 the Gestapo can do anything they want with them okay so they are going to use the concentration 158 00:15:05,470 --> 00:15:14,090 comes in order to send those people against the government so that the population is going to be 159 00:15:14,090 --> 00:15:20,169 afraid of going to these concentration camps okay so in order to control the population 160 00:15:20,169 --> 00:15:27,210 the best way is violence and terror okay the Gestapo and the SS were the main characters 161 00:15:27,210 --> 00:15:32,210 they were the two main groups that they are going to carry out this violence and terror 162 00:15:32,210 --> 00:15:42,750 Gestapo and SS and finally apart from these what we are going to find is 163 00:15:42,750 --> 00:15:46,230 population in the countries invaded that they are going to collaborate with the 164 00:15:46,230 --> 00:15:51,389 Nazis or that they are going to fight against the Nazis okay remember they are 165 00:15:51,389 --> 00:15:55,470 going to subjugate the population so there is going to be a few resistance 166 00:15:55,470 --> 00:16:01,169 because they they use violence and terror so the population do not want okay 167 00:16:01,169 --> 00:16:04,769 to fight against the Nazis because they can be killed they can be executed they 168 00:16:04,769 --> 00:16:10,529 can be sent to the concentration camps etc or they can be tortured so what they are going to 169 00:16:10,529 --> 00:16:16,330 find is two type of people collaborationist or those that they are going to resist against the 170 00:16:16,330 --> 00:16:23,409 nazis so the collaborationist people are allies or occupied governments it means those that they 171 00:16:23,409 --> 00:16:28,750 they are in favor of nazis rule it means political parties that they could be 172 00:16:28,750 --> 00:16:36,269 They could agree with Nazism so those part imagine a party in I don't know in Czechoslovakia 173 00:16:36,269 --> 00:16:40,009 A party that is in favor of Nazism that is a Nazi party 174 00:16:40,009 --> 00:16:45,049 So when they conquer Czechoslovakia, they are going to say okay you the leader of this party a Nazi party 175 00:16:45,049 --> 00:16:48,129 You are going to control you are going to help us 176 00:16:48,129 --> 00:16:51,889 Control the country and you are going to be the ruler of the country 177 00:16:51,889 --> 00:16:57,149 You are going to depend on us on the Nazis, but you are going to control the country 178 00:16:57,149 --> 00:17:01,889 ok so allies and occupied governments they are going to be collaborationist 179 00:17:01,889 --> 00:17:07,369 they are going to be supporters they are going to be in favor of Nazis occupation 180 00:17:07,369 --> 00:17:13,170 second industrials who were afraid of communism or seductive by the 181 00:17:13,170 --> 00:17:16,349 opportunities of profit it means industrials that they do not want 182 00:17:16,349 --> 00:17:18,390 communism so they are going to support Nazism 183 00:17:18,390 --> 00:17:22,230 is decir tengo miedo al comunismo por tanto apoyo al nazismo que está en contra del 184 00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:26,650 comunismo or those industrials that they are going to they are going to say ok 185 00:17:26,650 --> 00:17:31,049 Nazism is a good way of obtaining profit 186 00:17:31,049 --> 00:17:35,789 Imagine, I don't know, imagine Carla is ruling a factory 187 00:17:35,789 --> 00:17:39,930 And Hitler is going to say to Carla 188 00:17:39,930 --> 00:17:42,150 Okay, Carla, you are going to keep your factory 189 00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:44,369 You are going to produce for the Nazi regime 190 00:17:44,369 --> 00:17:49,630 And I'm going to provide you with free workers 191 00:17:49,630 --> 00:17:54,970 It means I'm going to give you people, like prisoners, war prisoners 192 00:17:54,970 --> 00:17:56,589 That they are going to work for you for free 193 00:17:56,589 --> 00:18:05,170 So, Carla is going to say, okay, perfect, I do not want to pay salaries, I'm going to sell to Hitler these, my products, and I'm going to get more profit. 194 00:18:05,670 --> 00:18:07,029 So, that would be the idea. 195 00:18:07,609 --> 00:18:19,809 Industrials, that they are afraid of communism, or industrials, okay, that they were seducted by opportunities of profit, that they are going to get profit, obtain profit, out of the Nazis' occupation. 196 00:18:19,809 --> 00:18:26,289 In third place, what we are going to have is this population in general, that they agree 197 00:18:26,289 --> 00:18:27,809 with the Nazis' ideas. 198 00:18:27,809 --> 00:18:32,450 You know that there is people in favor of Nazism even nowadays, so there are going to 199 00:18:32,450 --> 00:18:37,150 be people that they are in favor of these ideas, so that they are going to help these 200 00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:45,329 governments, and they are going to help the Nazis in order to control the country. 201 00:18:45,329 --> 00:18:49,509 So that's to be a collaborationist, those that they are in favor of Nazi's occupation 202 00:18:49,509 --> 00:18:54,950 and there are three different ways or is people in general that they are in favor of nazis ideas 203 00:18:54,950 --> 00:18:59,750 or industrials that they are afraid of communism or they see that they can get profit 204 00:19:00,630 --> 00:19:07,750 they can get profit out of this nazi domination or finally allies it means parties political 205 00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:12,789 parties or governments local governments that they are in favor of nazis occupation or nazis regime 206 00:19:12,789 --> 00:19:19,450 finally what we have is the resistance the the people that they are going to be against 207 00:19:19,450 --> 00:19:25,369 this nazi occupation and they are going to form these clandestine armed groups it means 208 00:19:25,369 --> 00:19:30,490 clandestine means that they are hiding that they are secret okay secret armed groups that they 209 00:19:30,490 --> 00:19:35,670 have weapons and they could be formed these groups could be form of polity politicians 210 00:19:35,670 --> 00:19:41,950 soldiers trade unions it means syndicalistas soldados politicos those that they are against 211 00:19:41,950 --> 00:19:48,630 nazism okay and they are going to form these groups with weapons with guns okay and they are 212 00:19:48,630 --> 00:19:54,650 secret they are clandestine because they cannot be they are not legal of course because they they 213 00:19:54,650 --> 00:20:00,670 are going to fight against nazism okay here are for example the resistance you see they have no 214 00:20:00,670 --> 00:20:07,009 uniform they are just regular people they are having the weapons or guns they can they can find 215 00:20:07,009 --> 00:20:11,569 okay and they are going to fight they are going to fight against Nazis 216 00:20:11,569 --> 00:20:17,089 occupation okay and that could be all okay we have talked about the different 217 00:20:17,089 --> 00:20:23,029 type of territories conquered or controlled by the Nazis could be with 218 00:20:23,029 --> 00:20:28,109 local governments could be allies could be territories conquered okay we have 219 00:20:28,109 --> 00:20:32,690 seen the economic exploitation okay that the the Nazis are going to create this 220 00:20:32,690 --> 00:20:38,910 empire in order to obtain raw materials, in order to obtain economic benefits 221 00:20:38,910 --> 00:20:43,730 from it. And finally that they are going to control the population through 222 00:20:43,730 --> 00:20:47,210 violence and terror and these are going to be the two main groups in order to do 223 00:20:47,210 --> 00:20:51,950 it. And that in the different countries you can find people in favor of Nazis 224 00:20:51,950 --> 00:20:56,369 occupation and Nazis ideas or people against that they are going to fight 225 00:20:56,369 --> 00:21:02,769 against them. In the next point we will see the Jews and the Holocaust.