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The Second Spanish Republic was established on the 14th of April of 1931, after the victory

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of the Republican Party in the elections held after Primo de Rivera's dictatorship.

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This dictatorship was supported by the King Alfonso XIII, who became unpopular since the

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problems of the country were still not solved.

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The images you are looking at right now correspond to those days when the Second Spanish Republic

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was established, people went out to the streets to celebrate it.

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The song you're listening to right now corresponds to the new anthem, which was changed instead

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of Marcha Real, who was the anthem that corresponded to the Bourbons.

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A majority of citizens in Spain had lost their confidence in the monarch institution and

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didn't want a king anymore.

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Because of that, Alfonso XIII had to go into exile.

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He would never come back to Spain.

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Spain was still a poor country those days.

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The cities had grown the number of citizens, but there was also a lot of unemployment.

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The jobs were still badly paid and the workers didn't have many rights.

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In the rural areas, the situation was even worse.

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New and different political ideas will appear.

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Ideas such as anarchism, socialism, communism or fascism will appear with their corresponding

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political parties.

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The times when two political parties took turns to rule the country were over.

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But this situation was not originally from Spain.

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In Europe, these ideas have a lot of importance too.

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worldwide economical crisis that started in USA in 1929. The consequences of the

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First World War for the countries that lost it, especially Germany, or the Russian

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Revolution in 1917 had a lot of importance or were the causes in the

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appearance of those ideas. In 1931 the Constitution of the Republic was passed

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in Parliament. Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president of the Republic and

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Manuel Azaña became president of the government. Two more elections will be

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held in which right and left parties will rule the country until the Civil

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War. The new constitution established gender equality. The best example of it

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was the fact that women could vote for the first time in history in Spain. Among

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God of civil rights, civil marriage and divorce became legal.

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The government tried to improve the working conditions in the rural areas.

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In order to do that, they took the lands from the land owners

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that were not being cultivated and tried to give them to the peasants.

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However, this was not possible at its fullest, so farmers were disappointed with the republic.

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Of course, land owners too.

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The Catholic Church has been a very powerful institution with a lot of tradition in Spain.

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The new constitution changed many aspects related to the Catholic institution.

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Marriage was no longer a religious issue.

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Civil marriage was allowed and divorce became legal.

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The government stopped giving money from taxes to the church.

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In terms of teaching, it was established as something that was responsibility of the state

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and it was forbidden for the church, religion was not taught in schools anymore, and the

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government invested a lot of money in creating schools and training teachers, trying to take

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culture to rural areas where people didn't know how to write or read.