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hello today we are going to make

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a new circuit as always we need

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a protoboard and the arduino board

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and this circuit is going to use

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an LED as an output

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so we can drag the LED here

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and we're going to connect it the

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same way that we always have so

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we need the ground connection over here

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to the horizontal line

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and the wire will be black

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and now we will connect the ground

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to this terminal from the cathode and

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this wire is going to also be

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black

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and of course we need a protection

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resistor and remember that the protection resistor

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is always two hundred and twenty ohms

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now we connect it from the anode

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side and we're going to control the

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LED using connector number thirteen or pin

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number thirteen

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I'm going to shift it over so

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you can see it more clearly but

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the connections exactly the same this way

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it's just easier to see it and

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this wire is going to be green

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so now you can see that I

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have closed the circuit for connector number

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thirteen to the LED and we go

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back to the ground

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now this is the output part so

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we can control the LED from the

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arduino board which will either shine or

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not it just depends on what we

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want and how we program it

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the new part is that we're going

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to add a button and I'll drag

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it over here so now here's how

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we connect the button this is going

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to be the standard way of connecting

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a button every time we use one

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we're going to use the five volt

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connection from down here so we create

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a wire

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from that port

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up here

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and this wire will be red because

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that is the standard wire color for

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the five volt connection so now we

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have the wire in this position and

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from this side of the button we

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will create a wire connected to position

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twelve

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so here from the side

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drag it to twelve and this one

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can be orange

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and now we also need a pull

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down resistor the pull-down resistor is going

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to be ten kilo ohms

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and it's going to be connected from

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here remembering that the horizontal line is

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connected to the ground so do you

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see that

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so now I will explain how this

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works if the button is pressed if

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you click on it while the simulation

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is running there will be a connection

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between this orange wire and the red

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one

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so because there's a connection from one

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side to the other those five volts

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will travel over here in pin twelve

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but if we don't press the button

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then there will be no connection between

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these two points

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so this point will be connected to

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the ground through this resistor meaning that

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we will have nothing here and nothing

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and twelve

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so if we don't press the button

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we have zero in pin twelve but

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if we press it then we now

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have five volts because of the red

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wire

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now if any of this hasn't made

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sense so far you can rewind and

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just watch and listen to that explanation

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again

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now like always we need the program

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so we're going to click code

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and

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now we want to remove the previous

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program and the first thing we need

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is an input

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so we want this first block

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up here because we want it to

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read pin number twelve so that's what

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we select it

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and then we need something else called

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a variable

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now a variable is a kind of

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box to store the value or number

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that we have read

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so we're going to click here

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to create a variable and the name

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for this variable will be input because

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it's the one that we're reading

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so now we are going to use

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this block to define the input and

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then connect the blocks together like this

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so the right side is the reading

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for number twelve and this reading is

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going to be stored inside the input

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like a box to save or store

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this number for twelve

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so now that we have our input

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in the variable

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we are going to add controls so

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that we can check the value of

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the input that we have and we

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want to compare the input with the

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value for example

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so we need a block from the

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math section

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and we're going to use

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this one here

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we're going to use the section more

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later but for now the only block

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we're gonna use is this second one

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so we can compare the two values

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we can compare if one of them

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is less than less than or equal

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equal to not equal to greater or

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greater than or equal to and right

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now we want equal because we

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you want to compare the input

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yeah here's the input

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so i don't want a number I

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want two possibilities high or low because

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these are digital inputs so we can't

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compare using a number

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so digital just means high or low

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and analog means a value or a

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number so if input equals high then

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we must be pressing this button because

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it's all related to twelve since that

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value is stored here

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and now we want to compare this

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value too high

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so that what happens if we press

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the button so for instance if I

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want number thirteen high well how do

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I do it

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so we need to define the pathway

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for number thirteen

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okay so with this program if I

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press the button the LED will shine

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first it reads the value stored in

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input a compares the input with high

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and then if the input equals high

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then thirteen will be high

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and see no in english means if

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not or or else

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so that's what happens if the condition

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is not true because this is just

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a condition

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and what we want is if we're

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not pressing the button

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or if the input is low then

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we will define that here

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so now if we press the button

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we've stored that value here and we

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compare the value with high and if

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the value is high then the lcd

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will shine because it's connected to thirteen

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and if the condition is not met

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the LED connected to thirteen will not

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shine it will be low

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so now we have connected everything the

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output part we have the input part

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including the button and pull down resistor

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and we have the block so we

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have everything we need so if we

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start the simulation nothing will happen yet

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but if we press the button then

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the LED will shine and if I

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stop pressing the LED doesn't shine because

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that's how we programmed

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it so that's the exercise today just

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repeating the example okay