1 00:00:00,750 --> 00:00:14,830 All right. Thank you, Maboula. Nice presentation. It was quite effective for your purpose, and you showed that you can construct a discourse around your topic and your presentation. 2 00:00:15,750 --> 00:00:25,489 I see there's been some effort to use interesting vocabulary, and there's a few grammar things here and there that are remarkable as well, or noticeable. 3 00:00:25,489 --> 00:00:31,730 and so the structure is good I like the structure I will just say that the title 4 00:00:31,730 --> 00:00:35,390 maybe it's a bit too generic because you have no clue what your presentation is 5 00:00:35,390 --> 00:00:40,549 going to be about if you you know if you take it out of the context of the forum 6 00:00:40,549 --> 00:00:45,350 and so on we wouldn't know so maybe I understand that you want to create 7 00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:49,310 expectations with that title what's next and you want to you want to make us 8 00:00:49,310 --> 00:00:56,750 think about it and so on. But maybe I would suggest introducing some of the key 9 00:00:56,750 --> 00:01:02,450 weights in there. Is water next? Are oceans next? And then it would give us, I 10 00:01:02,450 --> 00:01:08,069 think, a better clue. We would know that you are talking about expectations and so on, but we would also know what the core of the subject is. 11 00:01:08,069 --> 00:01:15,689 For example, are oceans next? It's good that you include this trigger about the 12 00:01:15,689 --> 00:01:22,530 microplastic away being the most looked at one. Then the structure, you give the 13 00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:27,870 structure of your talk, talking about that in a minute, you walk us through your 14 00:01:27,870 --> 00:01:32,790 presentation very nicely, you explain different flows over there, so that is 15 00:01:32,790 --> 00:01:42,030 good, and also your conclusion is there, but I think we could have worked out 16 00:01:42,030 --> 00:01:47,969 something more powerful there. So let me go over the whole presentation and 17 00:01:47,969 --> 00:01:53,549 I'll point out some of the problems there and talk about these other 18 00:01:53,549 --> 00:01:57,870 issues as well. As to the problems, there is something that I want to emphasize 19 00:01:57,870 --> 00:02:03,670 which is thought groups. Once again, sometimes you are not mispronouncing 20 00:02:03,670 --> 00:02:08,870 words as such, but the breakout of the thoughts is not the most appropriate one. 21 00:02:08,870 --> 00:02:14,569 So if you make pauses in between the components of the thought group, the idea, 22 00:02:15,250 --> 00:02:19,289 then they kind of become unrelated. 23 00:02:19,969 --> 00:02:23,409 So this is something that we need to avoid. 24 00:02:23,689 --> 00:02:27,770 We need to keep together those words that belong to a single idea. 25 00:02:28,789 --> 00:02:29,449 So let's go ahead. 26 00:02:31,949 --> 00:02:32,930 What's next? 27 00:02:33,569 --> 00:02:38,330 That's the question that comes to my mind when thinking about human beings' actions 28 00:02:38,330 --> 00:02:40,849 and its effects on the Earth and its environment. 29 00:02:41,389 --> 00:02:43,430 We have two little examples over there, okay? 30 00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:45,370 Not the most noticeable ones, but they're there. 31 00:02:45,770 --> 00:02:47,949 This is the first thing that comes to my mind. 32 00:02:48,689 --> 00:02:50,289 You notice you made a little pause over there. 33 00:02:50,389 --> 00:02:52,069 This is the first thing that comes to my mind. 34 00:02:53,069 --> 00:02:54,629 And it actually actually, like, 35 00:02:54,889 --> 00:02:56,389 it's the first thing that comes to my mind. 36 00:02:56,810 --> 00:02:57,750 Comes to my mind. 37 00:02:58,810 --> 00:03:00,849 The first thing that comes to my mind. 38 00:03:01,270 --> 00:03:03,710 Comes to my mind should be all together, okay? 39 00:03:03,710 --> 00:03:12,409 and then human beings actions actually should be human beings actions you need 40 00:03:12,409 --> 00:03:17,449 to shh to bracket to bracket it all together within your pronunciation okay 41 00:03:17,449 --> 00:03:24,430 thought groups I'll make a link available to you to check more on this 42 00:03:24,430 --> 00:03:30,750 Recently microplasticos was selected as the word of the year in our country and 43 00:03:30,750 --> 00:03:34,590 and it was a powerful trigger for this presentation. 44 00:03:34,590 --> 00:03:40,349 Doing some searching related to pollution, I found some worrying facts that I would like to share. 45 00:03:40,349 --> 00:03:43,710 This is kind of a minor thing, worrying. 46 00:03:43,710 --> 00:03:51,310 We need to, it's not that important, but it actually sounds much better when you do it. 47 00:03:51,310 --> 00:03:56,270 You need to work a little bit on the ending of words, okay? 48 00:03:56,270 --> 00:04:00,669 The G is not fully pronounced, but you need to be able to hear it. 49 00:04:00,669 --> 00:04:12,780 Worrying. Worrying. Okay. It's my new thing. So you. I will expose some worrying facts. 50 00:04:12,780 --> 00:04:21,399 Not quite. Expose is something that we use to bring something to the light that was hidden. 51 00:04:21,399 --> 00:04:29,600 so you expose a corruption case or you expose or you get exposed to like you 52 00:04:29,600 --> 00:04:35,160 know when when you were hiding and then somebody brings the attention to you you 53 00:04:35,160 --> 00:04:44,990 feel exposed but what you're going to do is to explain something about those 54 00:04:44,990 --> 00:04:53,930 sense, what is happening with wildlife, the alarming global warming, and other 55 00:04:53,930 --> 00:05:01,250 issues to be aware of. Okay, so other issues that should be aware of, that we 56 00:05:01,250 --> 00:05:05,509 should be aware of. It's a nice structure, the 2b2 that you're using there, but 57 00:05:05,509 --> 00:05:11,149 that's, I mean, yes, you can use it, but I think it would relate better to your 58 00:05:11,149 --> 00:05:14,149 audience, because here you have a definite audience, so it's better to use, 59 00:05:14,149 --> 00:05:19,029 sometimes to use the personal constructions than than the personal ones 60 00:05:19,029 --> 00:05:23,930 okay yeah so you say these are other issues to keep in mind or these are other 61 00:05:23,930 --> 00:05:28,910 issues to be aware of that's fine but probably relates better if you use the 62 00:05:28,910 --> 00:05:32,449 personal construction there so these are there's other issues that we should be 63 00:05:32,449 --> 00:05:37,689 aware of and again very minor thing okay and I note is that that usage of TV 64 00:05:37,689 --> 00:05:43,189 tools so that comes in positive now as to the way that you produce your that you 65 00:05:43,189 --> 00:05:46,310 that you deliver your structure because this is basically the structure of your 66 00:05:46,310 --> 00:05:50,750 talk there's a number of points which are clearly defined over there I just 67 00:05:50,750 --> 00:05:56,910 think that you could do a better job combining combining your different 68 00:05:56,910 --> 00:06:02,069 topics into into a point instead of just reading and giving them in isolation 69 00:06:02,069 --> 00:06:07,910 something like an encompassing statement maybe and this is just an example so so 70 00:06:07,910 --> 00:06:12,170 what's next well I'm trying to show you how oceans or I'm trying to prove how 71 00:06:12,170 --> 00:06:17,509 oceans are getting cluttered. So yes, they're getting cluttered and this is 72 00:06:17,509 --> 00:06:21,889 damaging wildlife and even it's producing a whole degradation of 73 00:06:21,889 --> 00:06:27,269 water mass around the world. What I mean by this is that I took some of the 74 00:06:27,269 --> 00:06:32,529 elements, oceans, and maybe gave just some side information of it, that they 75 00:06:32,529 --> 00:06:35,930 are getting cluttered. You would say maybe you're getting ahead. Well, but you 76 00:06:35,930 --> 00:06:39,230 know, it's a mix of keeping the expectation and giving something 77 00:06:39,230 --> 00:06:40,129 away so that you can 78 00:06:40,129 --> 00:06:43,470 gradually build up your presentation 79 00:06:43,470 --> 00:06:44,170 ok 80 00:06:44,170 --> 00:06:47,329 so it's kind of the same thing as with the title 81 00:06:47,329 --> 00:06:49,290 what's happening with the ocean, what about wildlife 82 00:06:49,290 --> 00:06:50,269 so 83 00:06:50,269 --> 00:06:52,910 the questions are fine but you need to be 84 00:06:52,910 --> 00:06:53,589 introducing 85 00:06:53,589 --> 00:06:57,149 your questions should be leading 86 00:06:57,149 --> 00:06:58,790 to your answer to make it 87 00:06:58,790 --> 00:06:59,769 just gorgeous 88 00:06:59,769 --> 00:07:03,149 and then the last two 89 00:07:03,149 --> 00:07:05,290 topics over there, if you can find something 90 00:07:05,290 --> 00:07:07,269 in common which is 91 00:07:07,269 --> 00:07:08,870 water mass, basically I think it's 92 00:07:08,870 --> 00:07:13,850 it's the way that water matter is being degraded so you can just put those two 93 00:07:13,850 --> 00:07:18,470 together into one single statement. So you are basically showing us how oceans 94 00:07:18,470 --> 00:07:23,189 are getting cluttered and thus damaging wildlife and reducing the whole 95 00:07:23,189 --> 00:07:32,040 degradation of water matter around the world. Just an idea. 96 00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:40,180 Other issues to be aware of. The first is related to oceans. The raw deal is that we are 97 00:07:40,180 --> 00:07:45,740 consuming and littering known by degradable materials like plastics. 98 00:07:45,740 --> 00:07:52,680 Or trusses taking downstream from rivers into the ocean where currents sweep it to the closest 99 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:53,680 patch. 100 00:07:53,680 --> 00:08:00,300 A rabbit patch is a popular name for the concentration of marine debris in the ocean. 101 00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:05,180 Debris is a very nice word and you are also explaining a top word that is relevant, so 102 00:08:05,180 --> 00:08:06,180 well done. 103 00:08:06,180 --> 00:08:15,540 five big garbage patches in our oceans the biggest is the great pacific ocean garbage patch 104 00:08:16,740 --> 00:08:22,980 and it is at least the size of portugal spain and france together and it is about 10 meters 105 00:08:22,980 --> 00:08:28,579 deep and wages at least 100 i think there's a problem with this where i understood wages 106 00:08:28,579 --> 00:08:33,860 i think you mean ways this is kind of a difficult verb sometimes for for us because we're used to 107 00:08:33,860 --> 00:08:40,299 to the word, to the noun, wait. But remember that the verb is to weigh. Weigh. So it weighs, 108 00:08:40,299 --> 00:08:47,519 yeah, suena como camino, yes, weighs. So it weighs ten tons, or whatever it is. Weighs. 109 00:08:47,639 --> 00:08:58,750 Weigh. Alright. Ten million tons. Those plastic items break into tiny particles that are eaten 110 00:08:58,750 --> 00:09:03,350 by fish, birds, marine mammals. Alright, you're using the passive voice over there, so that's 111 00:09:03,350 --> 00:09:07,350 and can rupture their organs or cause them starvation. 112 00:09:07,350 --> 00:09:11,350 But the most fundamental issue is caused by our famous 113 00:09:11,350 --> 00:09:15,350 microplasticos or microplastics 114 00:09:15,350 --> 00:09:19,350 which near the surface... 115 00:09:19,350 --> 00:09:23,350 Yeah, our famous microplastics are near the 116 00:09:23,350 --> 00:09:27,350 surface. Now the thing with this word is that 117 00:09:27,350 --> 00:09:31,350 when it works as a suffix, it's not pronounced 118 00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:36,950 fully okay it's like the reduced pronunciation so look at this surface 119 00:09:36,950 --> 00:09:47,789 surface surface surface again it's like a suffix here it's not stressed and not 120 00:09:47,789 --> 00:09:51,230 the suffix but it's not stressed okay these tresses in the first syllable so 121 00:09:51,230 --> 00:09:57,389 when this when this compound it's not stressed it's pronounced fists surface 122 00:09:57,389 --> 00:10:05,750 Surface. There are not actually that many words, but this is another quite common one. 123 00:10:07,509 --> 00:10:08,149 Preface. 124 00:10:08,490 --> 00:10:10,450 Preface. The surface. 125 00:10:12,289 --> 00:10:12,769 Let's go on. 126 00:10:14,210 --> 00:10:18,429 The ocean blocks sunlight from reaching Placton and other below. 127 00:10:19,169 --> 00:10:20,750 And we know that without Placton... 128 00:10:20,750 --> 00:10:24,929 I think you missed the S there. Blocks. But I wasn't quite sure. 129 00:10:24,929 --> 00:10:31,929 the entire marine ecosystem will collapse bigger mammals and marine life 130 00:10:31,929 --> 00:10:42,750 get constricted by pieces of plastic waste or die due to starving unable to 131 00:10:42,750 --> 00:10:49,870 eat like the turtle or the seal you can see and can you see the carcass of the 132 00:10:49,870 --> 00:11:00,190 baby bird that has... The carcass. The carcass is a very nice word. It's a very powerful 133 00:11:00,190 --> 00:11:15,960 picture. Very nice example. It's carcass. Carcass. Carcass. It is full of plastic particles. 134 00:11:15,960 --> 00:11:22,399 A single plastic bag can kill over 100 dolphins. There you go. One more time. This is the thought 135 00:11:22,399 --> 00:11:29,419 group thing a single plastic bag can kill over 100 dolphins you see how the 100 dolphins is 136 00:11:29,419 --> 00:11:33,840 like detached and it should be they should be in the same thought group they should be pronounced 137 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:40,679 together not marked out should be bracketed in single plastic bag can kill over 100 dolphins 138 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:50,129 over 100 dolphins so needless to say that it is an alarming issue all right so there's nice 139 00:11:50,129 --> 00:11:56,009 linking and list of say and so on. But even more astonishing is the difficult 140 00:11:56,009 --> 00:12:02,250 situation of wildlife. The world is facing the first mass extinction since 141 00:12:02,250 --> 00:12:09,529 the dinosaurs. Earth has lost half of its wildlife in the past 40 years according 142 00:12:09,529 --> 00:12:17,789 what WWF organization says. According to what the WWF organization says. 143 00:12:17,789 --> 00:12:24,789 according to. The current rate of extinction is about 100 times faster than 144 00:12:24,789 --> 00:12:30,669 what is considered normal. The fastest decline among the animal populations 145 00:12:30,669 --> 00:12:36,230 were found in French water ecosystems. We know that rivers are the bottom of the 146 00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:42,370 system and whatever happens on the land it all ends up in the rivers. You have to 147 00:12:42,370 --> 00:12:47,970 careful here with uh double uh subjects whatever happens 148 00:12:52,370 --> 00:12:58,049 so whatever happens uh whatever happens what is it whatever happens on the land 149 00:12:59,889 --> 00:13:08,320 ends up in the river you know it's there was uh was like a double subject but let me play it back 150 00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:14,639 for a second we're found in friends water ecosystems we know that rivers are the bottom 151 00:13:14,639 --> 00:13:20,559 of the system and whatever happens on the land it all ends up in the rivers so whatever happens in 152 00:13:20,559 --> 00:13:26,559 the land ends up on the rivers okay the it is superfluous it's like a double subject 153 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:33,840 uh we don't do it we sometimes do it when we speak but there should be like an intended course 154 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:42,159 it should be marked out as a different sentence that was a next kind of so 155 00:13:42,159 --> 00:13:47,759 whatever happens on the land well you know it all ends up in the rivers in 156 00:13:47,759 --> 00:13:51,240 that way you could have it but if you actually construct it as one single 157 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:56,159 sentence as one single utterance of it so to say there should not be it there 158 00:13:56,159 --> 00:14:08,279 for example tens of billions of effluent are dumped in the Ganges in India every 159 00:14:08,279 --> 00:14:15,519 year. Tens of billions of what? I couldn't get that word. I don't know. Did you say 160 00:14:15,519 --> 00:14:22,399 affluence? Did you mean tributaries? I don't know. I couldn't catch that word. 161 00:14:22,399 --> 00:14:46,259 damage is not inevitable but inevitable a consequence of the way we choose to 162 00:14:46,259 --> 00:14:52,919 same thing here okay so consequence consequence consequence 163 00:14:52,919 --> 00:14:57,779 yeah we need to notice that stress lies on the first few syllables in English 164 00:14:57,779 --> 00:15:06,919 much more commonly than in Spanish the next difficult to consider is global 165 00:15:06,919 --> 00:15:13,159 warming the next there you are mistaken and adjective for the noun okay so the 166 00:15:13,159 --> 00:15:21,159 next difficulty difficulty and again it's another example of a word which 167 00:15:21,159 --> 00:15:27,159 with the stress at the beginning, which is kind of difficult for us, we tend to forget that. 168 00:15:27,159 --> 00:15:32,159 So, inevitable, consequence, difficulty. 169 00:15:38,159 --> 00:15:43,159 Here, this is an example of how prefixes are not usually stressed. 170 00:15:43,159 --> 00:15:49,159 So, these two, consequence and difficulty, are examples of where it's with the stress in the first syllable. 171 00:15:49,159 --> 00:15:55,159 Inevitable is an example of how prefixes are usually not stressed. 172 00:15:55,159 --> 00:15:59,299 And ratio retreat. 173 00:15:59,299 --> 00:16:09,299 Global warming is the term that is used for the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans. 174 00:16:09,299 --> 00:16:13,299 Kind of the same thing here, the Earth's atmosphere. 175 00:16:13,299 --> 00:16:16,299 Do you notice how there is a very little pause over there? 176 00:16:16,299 --> 00:16:22,379 In this case, it's not a big problem as in some of the other examples, but it is showing a tendency, okay? 177 00:16:22,379 --> 00:16:25,740 So it's the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere. 178 00:16:27,419 --> 00:16:29,419 Not the Earth's atmosphere. 179 00:16:32,080 --> 00:16:34,080 And it produces changes 180 00:16:34,580 --> 00:16:39,700 like rising sea levels due to the melting of the polar ice caps and 181 00:16:40,259 --> 00:16:45,779 the increase in the severity of storms and other weather events. 182 00:16:45,779 --> 00:16:57,019 The increase in severity of these storms and other weather events, and other, of a different 183 00:16:57,019 --> 00:16:58,019 kind. 184 00:16:58,019 --> 00:17:03,539 It's not one more, it's like a different kind. 185 00:17:03,539 --> 00:17:11,460 Volumes of carbon dioxide and another greenhouse gases released by human activities are believed 186 00:17:11,460 --> 00:17:25,089 to be the primary sources of global warming that has occurred over the past 50 years. 187 00:17:25,089 --> 00:17:26,089 And what can we say? 188 00:17:26,089 --> 00:17:33,589 I mean, nice, they are believed to be, they are believed to be this passive-infinitive 189 00:17:33,589 --> 00:17:34,589 construction. 190 00:17:34,589 --> 00:17:40,650 There is one more thing about intonation or stress in this case that I want to highlight 191 00:17:40,650 --> 00:17:43,349 And it's these words, okay? 192 00:17:43,890 --> 00:17:47,490 You were mentioning greenhouse effects, okay? 193 00:17:47,849 --> 00:17:49,049 Or gases or whatever it is. 194 00:17:49,710 --> 00:17:50,670 Notice this. 195 00:17:51,029 --> 00:17:52,869 When we have a compound like this, 196 00:17:54,130 --> 00:17:56,390 the stress, again, because it's a noun, 197 00:17:56,710 --> 00:17:58,470 comes here, greenhouse. 198 00:17:59,269 --> 00:17:59,829 Greenhouse. 199 00:18:00,630 --> 00:18:02,470 Because it's a full compound noun. 200 00:18:03,049 --> 00:18:03,609 Greenhouse. 201 00:18:03,809 --> 00:18:05,289 So it's a greenhouse effect. 202 00:18:05,690 --> 00:18:07,289 Now, if you were to pronounce, 203 00:18:07,549 --> 00:18:08,930 si fueras a hablar de una casa verde, 204 00:18:08,930 --> 00:18:10,869 then it could be a green house. 205 00:18:11,789 --> 00:18:15,349 Pero como es green house, como un nombre en sí mismo, 206 00:18:15,549 --> 00:18:18,809 or green house effect being used as an adjective, 207 00:18:20,069 --> 00:18:22,609 el estrés no está en el mismo sitio, el acento no está en el mismo sitio. 208 00:18:22,750 --> 00:18:23,990 Esto es lo que quiero señalar, ¿ok? 209 00:18:24,650 --> 00:18:28,809 So, si la palabra central es house, porque me estás hablando de una casa, 210 00:18:28,990 --> 00:18:33,009 entonces sí es the green house is very beautiful. 211 00:18:33,970 --> 00:18:36,269 The green house is very, very beautiful. 212 00:18:36,269 --> 00:18:44,269 If you are talking to me about greenhouse as a name in itself, even if you use it as an adjective for gases, 213 00:18:44,269 --> 00:18:52,269 then it is a greenhouse effect, the stress goes to the beginning and this is a general norm for composting. 214 00:18:52,269 --> 00:19:02,269 The dehydration of land, as we see in these pictures, or the indiscriminate logging and so on. 215 00:19:02,269 --> 00:19:10,650 indiscriminate now indiscriminate now pay attention all the endings of adjectives 216 00:19:10,650 --> 00:19:18,990 like this they are always pronounced like this indiscriminate indiscriminate 217 00:19:18,990 --> 00:19:25,589 as never before in the non-human history we are facing an increasing amount of 218 00:19:25,589 --> 00:19:35,069 issues that made me think about and ask will humans be able to fix the world to 219 00:19:35,069 --> 00:19:40,670 solve all these problems as to restore the natural and proper equilibrium that 220 00:19:40,670 --> 00:19:47,309 will allow us to live happily all right so that was like your ending and the 221 00:19:47,309 --> 00:19:50,869 ending is there the conclusion is there it's nice to have your ending with 222 00:19:50,869 --> 00:19:55,289 questions an open question I just think that you should mark it out you should 223 00:19:55,289 --> 00:20:01,990 make it clear, much more clear to us that you've reached your conclusion, okay? 224 00:20:01,990 --> 00:20:11,009 So, just say it. So, finally, or so, to conclude, or so, a final thought, my final 225 00:20:11,009 --> 00:20:18,809 thought is, this all makes me think about blah blah blah, and ask, actually it 226 00:20:18,809 --> 00:20:22,769 should be, it all makes me think whether this is going to be blah blah blah, 227 00:20:22,769 --> 00:20:28,269 Because what follows is, in your case, it was a clause with an active verb. 228 00:20:28,809 --> 00:20:30,309 It was not a noun. 229 00:20:30,730 --> 00:20:35,730 So, instead of using about, which is a preposition, we should use whether, which is a conjunction. 230 00:20:36,089 --> 00:20:38,869 It makes me think whether she will come. 231 00:20:41,390 --> 00:20:44,549 And it makes me think about her coming. 232 00:20:45,470 --> 00:20:49,589 But makes me think about her, makes me think about she will come. 233 00:20:49,670 --> 00:20:50,369 That doesn't work. 234 00:20:50,369 --> 00:20:51,210 You see what I mean? 235 00:20:51,210 --> 00:20:56,210 So, if what follows THINK is a noun, then you use a preposition, about. 236 00:20:56,210 --> 00:20:59,210 If what follows is a cause, then you use whether. 237 00:20:59,210 --> 00:21:02,210 Think whether we would be able to cope with this. 238 00:21:02,210 --> 00:21:07,210 Actually, to make your conclusion a bit more powerful, 239 00:21:07,210 --> 00:21:14,210 I could probably mark it out with a clip sentence of some form, for example. 240 00:21:14,210 --> 00:21:18,210 So, finally, to me the question that remains to be answered is 241 00:21:18,210 --> 00:21:25,170 will we be able to cope with blah blah blah blah blah and then you you're taking that 242 00:21:25,170 --> 00:21:31,829 opportunity to to use some powerful grammar structures ah thank you very nice or no