1 00:00:00,920 --> 00:00:07,620 Hello everyone, this is Sergio from my house. Hopefully you are doing okay during these days 2 00:00:07,620 --> 00:00:16,000 and stay safe and don't leave home. I'm going to upload these days some videos 3 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:24,079 about some English grammar in order to study and learn things. Hopefully you can see them 4 00:00:24,079 --> 00:00:30,379 in the website of the school and today we are going to talk about reported speech. Are you ready? 5 00:00:30,879 --> 00:00:39,960 let's go for it come on you can do it when do we use reported speech we use it 6 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:48,000 when we want to repeat what someone had previously said we have two types we 7 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:54,840 have direct speech what we talk what we say and reported speech is when we want 8 00:00:54,840 --> 00:01:01,799 to say what somebody says so let's see some examples direct speech for instance 9 00:01:01,799 --> 00:01:09,120 Anna said I can't go to school if I want to have the reported speech of the 10 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:17,189 sentence would be Anna said that she couldn't go to school we're going to 11 00:01:17,189 --> 00:01:23,150 learn now how to make the reported speech the first thing that you have to 12 00:01:23,150 --> 00:01:31,909 do is to change to the past tense to make reported speech for example my 13 00:01:31,909 --> 00:01:41,409 teacher says she is tall is is in present simple we need to transform is 14 00:01:41,409 --> 00:01:50,230 into past simple was so the sentence would be my teacher said that she was 15 00:01:50,230 --> 00:01:59,310 tall another example Bobby says I always do my homework do is present simple to 16 00:01:59,310 --> 00:02:04,549 make report the speech we need to transform it into past simple change it 17 00:02:04,549 --> 00:02:12,449 Bobby said that he always did his homework and finally Carlos says I have 18 00:02:12,449 --> 00:02:16,650 a lot of friends have is in present simple we need to change it to past 19 00:02:16,650 --> 00:02:24,909 simple and sentence would be Carlos says that he had a lot of friends had is the 20 00:02:24,909 --> 00:02:38,990 past simple of the verb to have so clear let's keep it up as we have said we have 21 00:02:38,990 --> 00:02:44,990 to change to the past tense but we don't have to do it every time if in direct 22 00:02:44,990 --> 00:02:51,909 speech the sentence is in past simple I could keep in the reported speech in past 23 00:02:51,909 --> 00:03:00,490 simple so for example my aunt I broke my leg to make reported speech my aunt said 24 00:03:00,490 --> 00:03:07,990 that she broke her leg so I just maintain the verb in past simple or if I 25 00:03:07,990 --> 00:03:16,169 want to make it more complex I can use past perfect my aunt said that she had 26 00:03:16,169 --> 00:03:22,229 broken her leg past of the past the only thing you have to remember how to make 27 00:03:22,229 --> 00:03:30,449 the past perfect we need a verb to have in past that is had and the past 28 00:03:30,449 --> 00:03:36,550 participle for irregular verbs I remember we need to use the third column 29 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:46,550 And if we use a verb that is irregular, remember to add "-ed", to the verb. 30 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:49,550 So, let's see another example. 31 00:03:49,550 --> 00:03:51,550 Menel, I missed the bus. 32 00:03:51,550 --> 00:03:54,550 This is past simple and reported speech will have 33 00:03:54,550 --> 00:03:58,550 Menel said that she missed the bus. 34 00:03:58,550 --> 00:04:00,550 Or I can use past perfect. 35 00:04:00,550 --> 00:04:05,550 Menel said that she had missed the bus. 36 00:04:05,550 --> 00:04:08,449 So sometimes we don't need to change the verb tense. 37 00:04:10,759 --> 00:04:14,520 Let's see now what happens in questions. 38 00:04:14,639 --> 00:04:16,699 Using reported speech for questions. 39 00:04:18,339 --> 00:04:22,800 I would like to remember first that we have two types of questions. 40 00:04:24,439 --> 00:04:26,180 WH questions. 41 00:04:26,920 --> 00:04:34,839 All the questions that have what, who, whose, when, where, and so on. 42 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:41,839 and WH-Questions when the answer is yes or no. 43 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:44,839 Okay, we're going to start with WH-Questions. 44 00:04:44,839 --> 00:04:46,839 Direct speech. 45 00:04:46,839 --> 00:04:47,839 Question. 46 00:04:47,839 --> 00:04:49,839 What is your name? 47 00:04:49,839 --> 00:04:51,839 The police officer asked. 48 00:04:51,839 --> 00:04:54,839 So to make it reported speech, 49 00:04:54,839 --> 00:04:59,839 the police officer asked me what my name was. 50 00:04:59,839 --> 00:05:01,839 As we have explained, 51 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:09,839 we have to change present simple into past simple and be careful with the order of the sentence 52 00:05:09,839 --> 00:05:17,439 in questions we put the verb before the subject but here in reported speech there is not any 53 00:05:17,439 --> 00:05:24,959 question a question anymore so we need to maintain the order of affirmative sentences 54 00:05:25,839 --> 00:05:35,360 or negative depending and for questions using if or whether whether is the same as if okay 55 00:05:36,240 --> 00:05:46,879 the same meaning lucas says do you like streaming to make reported speed perform it into it we have 56 00:05:46,879 --> 00:05:55,920 lucas asked me if i liked swimming remember like here we have in present tense we need to change 57 00:05:55,920 --> 00:06:04,079 it into past tense or i can use whether as we have here that means the same lucas asked me 58 00:06:04,079 --> 00:06:15,040 whether i liked swimming any doubts any questions about questions i think we'll see this later and 59 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:21,470 and there is a video that will help you about that. 60 00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:24,209 For requests, commands, orders, 61 00:06:24,209 --> 00:06:27,189 we can use also reported speech. 62 00:06:27,189 --> 00:06:32,189 Imagine that the principal said to you, stop shouting. 63 00:06:33,689 --> 00:06:38,310 Reported speech, the principal told me to stop shouting. 64 00:06:38,310 --> 00:06:43,310 We need to use the infinitive to make the action, 65 00:06:44,569 --> 00:06:46,029 the command. 66 00:06:46,029 --> 00:06:50,050 My man said to me, finish your homework. 67 00:06:50,509 --> 00:06:54,569 My man, sorry, told me to finish my homework. 68 00:06:54,569 --> 00:07:04,029 We need to use the preposition to, in order to explain the order or the command. 69 00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:14,920 One thing that we need to take into account is that some expressions or words that we need to change 70 00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:19,379 in order to make the 71 00:07:19,379 --> 00:07:23,160 reported speech. Here you have some words 72 00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:27,279 we have today. In reported speech, we need to use 73 00:07:27,279 --> 00:07:31,300 yesterday. For yesterday, we need to do 74 00:07:31,300 --> 00:07:33,800 to use, sorry, the day before. 75 00:07:35,279 --> 00:07:39,500 Tomorrow, the next day or the following day, last week, month, 76 00:07:39,740 --> 00:07:42,779 year, the previous week, month, year. 77 00:07:42,779 --> 00:07:51,819 For this or that, I mean this table, that chair, I need to use the, the article, the 78 00:07:51,819 --> 00:07:58,920 And for places like here, when I say here in dilated speech, I have to use there 79 00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:05,319 Okay, and this is easier when you practice and you see more examples 80 00:08:05,319 --> 00:08:09,639 Let's practice, are you ready? 81 00:08:09,639 --> 00:08:16,720 here you have some sentences in dilated speech you can write them down in your 82 00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:21,339 English notebook or in a paper to practice in the following slide you will 83 00:08:21,339 --> 00:08:30,029 have the answers just only to correct them and see if you understand so I say 84 00:08:30,029 --> 00:08:36,190 promise here you have the answers and I'm going to correct them just try it on 85 00:08:36,190 --> 00:08:46,940 your own and this is like i have a video that i there is you can find in youtube so here there 86 00:08:46,940 --> 00:08:53,679 is a lady explaining the reported speech i think better than me i think it's going to be more clear 87 00:08:53,679 --> 00:09:01,779 so uh have a look and if you have any questions write it down when we come back to school 88 00:09:01,779 --> 00:09:06,889 thank you very much for watching me and listening 89 00:09:06,889 --> 00:09:10,330 I'm going to 90 00:09:10,330 --> 00:09:16,110 tell you that here you have a link to the English 91 00:09:16,110 --> 00:09:19,909 corner of the school, of the website, so you can 92 00:09:19,909 --> 00:09:24,090 find more resources or more practice about everything 93 00:09:24,090 --> 00:09:28,289 we are studying at the school, stay home 94 00:09:28,289 --> 00:09:30,990 I miss you a lot, bye bye 95 00:09:30,990 --> 00:09:34,230 and hopefully I can see you soon.