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Rocks. Do you think there are rocks on the moon? Hmm, that's a good question. Read and think.

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One. Read and find out how these types of rocks form. A. Igneous rock. B. Sedimentary rock.

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And C. Metamorphic rock. The lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the earth.

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it's made up of the crust which is solid rock and the upper part of the mantle so core

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mantle crust where it's and the mantle where it's hotter and the rock is more fluid rocks are made

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of one or more minerals right so they're kind of a compound they can also contain the remains of

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living things and fragments of other rocks what are the what are what is it called when the remain

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when there are remains of living things stuck in rock fossils as we read in the previous page

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rocks are classified according to how they are formed there are three main types of rock so now

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let's read about igneous rock igneous rock started as a liquid rock deep inside the earth's crust

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where it's very hot it's like magma this rock is called magma when magma cools and solidifies

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becomes solid inside the earth's crust it forms intrusive igneous rock for example granite when

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magma is pushed up to the earth's surface in a volcanic eruption it's called lava when lava

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cools it forms extrusive igneous rock for example basalt or basalt.

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Now let's read about sedimentary rock. Sediments are eroded fragments of rock, sand, shell,

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and the remains of living things such as fossils. They're deposited so dropped or

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left on the lowest areas of the land and on the ocean floor so it's particles that fall to the

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ocean floor over a very long time the sediment gets compacted compacted and or condensed until

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it forms rock sedimentary rock forms in layers and sometimes has fossils of animals or plants

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in it so remains of living things limestone clay and shale are examples of sedimentary rock

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and last but not least let's read about metamorphic rock metamorphic rock started

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as sedimentary or igneous rock so it can be either sedimentary or igneous rock in the beginning

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This rock is transformed into metamorphic rock by high pressure or heat.

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Heat from magma and the pressure from the layers of rock in the sea above makes rock change.

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So you have pressure and heat coming from both sides like this.

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Marble is a metamorphic rock that's formed when limestone changes due to heat or pressure.

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so limestone is a sedimentary rock that changes into a metamorphic rock called marble, right?

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Slate is another metamorphic rock. It forms when shale is transformed by heat or pressure. Same

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thing. Shale is a sedimentary rock that when exposed to heat and pressure transforms into

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the metamorphic rock called slate. Very confusing because they're very similar words. The story of

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Timanfaya. Before you read, look at the pictures. What happens to the boy and his father? Is it

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dangerous? How do they escape? In 1730 Felipe lived on a fertile plain below a volcano in Lanzarote.

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What's wrong dad? Did you feel the earth move? One night there was a knock at the door and

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lots of shouting. The volcano is erupting! We must all leave! The smoke and fire from the volcano was

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terrible. Everybody escaped from Lanzarote to Fuenteventura, a nearby island. What's that all

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over our land? It's lava! Felipe's dad knew all about volcanoes. He explained that the rock under

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the volcano is so hot it's liquid. He showed Felipe. This liquid rock, it's called magma.

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Wow! The lava was shooting out of the top of the volcano from deep inside the earth. It comes up

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the chimney and out of the crater. Now the lava was pouring over the land. When it cools, it will

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will form igneous rock.

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The landscape is changing before our eyes.

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He was right.

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Today, the rocks and the soil are black

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and there's little vegetation.

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Vegetation is like plants, for example.

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The rock is basalt.

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It looks like the moon.

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One of Felipe's descendants is visiting

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Timanfaya National Park.

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Wow, the volcano's still hot.