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There are two types of relative clauses, defining and non-defining relative clauses.

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Defining relative clauses give us essential information.

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We cannot remove the relative clause and still understand the sentence.

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For example, imagine there are two boxes of different colour.

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The black box is empty and the red box is full.

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So, we can say the box which is red is full.

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But if we just say the box is full, then the sentence makes no sense

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because there are two boxes and it's not clear which one we are talking about.

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So, the color of the box is not extra information.

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it's essential information. With defining relative clauses we cannot use commas. The first example

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the box which is red is full so with the sentence the relative clause between commas is wrong.

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The box which is red is full. This one is correct.

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We also can replace WHO, WHICH, WHEN or WHY with THAT.

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The prize which she won was very valuable or the prize that she won was very valuable are both correct.

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We can omit the relative pronoun or adverb when its function is that of object.

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The prize which she won or the prize she won was very valuable is correct.

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Non-defining relative clauses give us extra information.

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We can remove the relative clause and still understand the sentence.

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Imagine there is a red box only.

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It is full.

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We can say the box, which is red, is full.

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If we just say the box is full, the sentence still makes sense

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because it is clear which box we are talking about.

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There is only one box.

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the fact that it is red is extra information with non-defining relative

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clauses we must use commas for example my neighbor one who is single throws a

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lot of parties we cannot replace the relative pronouns or adverbs with that

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the box that is red is full is not correct. We have to say and write the box

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comma which is red comma is full. We cannot omit the relative pronoun or

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adverb. We cannot say the box is red is full but the box comma which is red

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comma is full. Other types of relative clauses are, for example, nominal relative

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clauses. In nominal relative clause, the noun and the relative pronoun are

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combined in one word which functions as a noun. The common nominal relative

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pronouns are what whatever whoever whichever and who look at the examples i couldn't read the

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message which or that he sent me i can form a nominal relative clause by saying i couldn't read

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what he sent me so i've combined the message which or the message message that in what

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you can eat anything that you want you can eat whatever you want

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another type of relative clause is the reduced relative clause in reduced relative clauses

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we omit the relative pronoun and the verb form of be for example I can reduce

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the sentence the woman who is knocking at the door is my sister-in-law to the

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woman knocking at the door is my sister-in-law so I omitted the relative

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pronoun who and the verb form of be is in this case another example the hotel

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which was situated on the outskirts of the town used to belong to my family can

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be reduced to the hotel situated on the outskirts of the town used to belong to

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my family that's all