1 00:00:01,580 --> 00:00:30,059 Hello, I'm Velázquez, one of the most famous painters in the world. 2 00:00:30,059 --> 00:00:38,060 I lived during the 17th century, when painting was simply a job. 3 00:00:38,060 --> 00:00:51,869 But at the age of 18 years old, I became a painter of the world. 4 00:00:51,869 --> 00:00:57,869 Hello, my name is Melina. Velázquez painted me in a painting called Las Melinas. 5 00:00:57,869 --> 00:01:12,769 In this painting, Velázquez includes a portrait of himself. In that portrait, he wears a t-shirt with the red cross of the Order of Santiago. Only noblemen can wear this cross. 6 00:01:12,769 --> 00:01:23,769 How can Velázquez wear that cross? Because he was not a noble man. 7 00:01:23,769 --> 00:01:30,769 We think that this is a mystery. We think that Velázquez's fame over the original painting 8 00:01:30,769 --> 00:01:40,769 or that the king's fame over the original painting is doing thanks to the great painters. Bye! 9 00:01:40,769 --> 00:02:02,129 During the 15th century, Spain was constantly at war, so it suffered important defeats and lost part of its territories. 10 00:02:02,129 --> 00:02:13,129 An example was that the French army defeated the Spanish army in the Battle of Brocroy. 11 00:02:14,129 --> 00:02:16,129 I'm the French army! 12 00:02:21,340 --> 00:02:23,340 Full Spanish people! 13 00:02:33,330 --> 00:02:38,530 One of the most important events in this reign was the expulsion of the Moriscos. 14 00:02:38,530 --> 00:02:47,090 The Moriscos were Muslims who had been forced to convert to Christianity during the period of the Catholic Church. 15 00:02:47,770 --> 00:02:54,030 About 300,000 Moriscos had to leave their homes and their lands. 16 00:02:54,990 --> 00:03:09,349 Philip IV and I became king in 1621. 17 00:03:09,349 --> 00:03:13,849 My royal favorite is Conduc of Olivares. 18 00:03:14,430 --> 00:03:16,310 Olivares governed Spain. 19 00:03:16,870 --> 00:03:21,289 Under his governance, Spain is continually at war. 20 00:03:22,310 --> 00:03:32,590 Spain is fighting in the Thirty Years' War from 1618 to 1648. 21 00:03:32,590 --> 00:03:42,590 This is a religious war between Catholics and Protestants in Central Europe. 22 00:03:42,590 --> 00:03:46,590 Spain is badly defected in this war. 23 00:03:46,590 --> 00:03:53,590 Spain loses territories like Netherlands and part of Europe. 24 00:03:53,590 --> 00:03:55,590 Hello! 25 00:03:55,590 --> 00:04:01,590 The Count Duque of Olivares tried to reinforce the King's power. 26 00:04:01,590 --> 00:04:04,789 This caused rebellions in Catalonia and Portugal. 27 00:04:04,789 --> 00:04:08,550 In Catalonia, the rebellions were stopped. 28 00:04:08,550 --> 00:04:12,550 However, Portugal became an independent country. 29 00:04:21,579 --> 00:04:30,060 Charles became king in 1665, when he was only four years old. 30 00:04:31,019 --> 00:04:35,420 His mother government wished he was a child. 31 00:04:35,420 --> 00:04:47,420 When he was old enough to rule Charles II, was ill his favorite royal government for him. 32 00:04:47,420 --> 00:05:00,420 Charles II died without having any children. Many European monarchs fought to take over the Spanish empire. 33 00:05:00,420 --> 00:05:09,420 This was called the War of Succession. After the war, a new dynasty ruled in Spain. 34 00:05:09,420 --> 00:05:27,339 The Golden Age was a period of artistic and literary splendor in Spain during the Hosper dynasty. 35 00:05:27,339 --> 00:05:32,339 Works in art were mainly released and commissioned by the Catholic Church. 36 00:05:32,339 --> 00:05:56,970 I am Pedro Rivera, and I created this monument, that is, the door of the Madrid Municipal Museum. It's beautiful, no? 37 00:05:57,970 --> 00:06:08,300 Painting. The artists of the Golden Age paint portraits in the realistic style. Thus, they use contrast. 38 00:06:08,300 --> 00:06:17,300 That's the technique that consists of making the figures seem more illuminated, drawing darker backgrounds. 39 00:06:17,300 --> 00:06:25,300 Some of the artists of the Golden Age are El Greco, Diego Velázquez and me, 40 00:06:25,300 --> 00:06:27,300 Esteban Bartolomé de Murillo. 41 00:06:34,220 --> 00:06:36,220 Some famous authors are 42 00:06:39,750 --> 00:06:42,750 In the theatre, some famous authors are 43 00:06:43,750 --> 00:06:56,879 Félix López de Vega 44 00:06:57,879 --> 00:07:03,199 Tirso de Molina 45 00:07:04,199 --> 00:07:07,829 Pedro Calderón de la Barca 46 00:07:07,829 --> 00:07:22,069 The most famous author was Miguel de Cervantes. 47 00:07:22,069 --> 00:07:28,069 His most famous book was Don Quixote de la Mancha. 48 00:07:28,069 --> 00:07:36,069 He put all the adventures of Don Quixote and his friends. 49 00:07:36,069 --> 00:07:47,660 Here we can see some examples of Don Quixote. 50 00:07:47,660 --> 00:07:53,660 This is a modern publisher of Don Quixote. 51 00:07:53,660 --> 00:07:58,660 And here we have an ancient publisher. 52 00:08:00,660 --> 00:08:16,509 The War of Succession has two important consequences. 53 00:08:16,509 --> 00:08:20,509 A new royal dynasty ruled in Spain. 54 00:08:20,509 --> 00:08:29,509 And the second, the Treaty of Utrecht, was signed in 1713. 55 00:08:29,509 --> 00:08:44,059 I'm Philip V. I became king in 1700. 56 00:08:44,059 --> 00:08:48,059 I saw this as absolute morality. 57 00:08:48,059 --> 00:09:00,059 I made important reforms, for example, I made Spanish the only official language. 58 00:09:00,059 --> 00:09:10,059 I abolished the laws and institutions of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. 59 00:09:10,059 --> 00:09:16,059 I introduced the Salic laws of succession. 60 00:09:16,059 --> 00:09:32,690 Charles I became king of Spain at the end of the 18th century. 61 00:09:32,690 --> 00:09:45,690 He was an unpopular king, so he left his government in the hands of his minister, Manuel Boruy. 62 00:09:45,690 --> 00:10:05,320 At the end of the 18th century, Charles IV became king of Spain, where he was an unpopular king who left the government of the country in the hands of his minister, Manuel Godoy. 63 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:23,740 Francisco de Goya is one of the most famous painters. He painted at the Spanish court. 64 00:10:23,740 --> 00:10:28,740 He also painted portraits of Charles III and Charles IV. 65 00:10:28,740 --> 00:10:38,600 He painted festivals, but he also painted paintings depicting the strategy and the surfer of the war.