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hello today we are going to program

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a new circuit similar to the ones

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we've already programmed so we will use

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a protoboard and arduino board as

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always and click and drag three LED

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we're going to connect them in a

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similar way that we've connected them before

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so we use a black wire to

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connect it to the ground

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and then of course we need three

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protection resistors

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and remember that each protection resistor all

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three are going to be two hundred

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and twenty ohms not kilo ohms

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and they're connected to the cathode or

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the straight side

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okay so these three LED are going

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to be connected to connectors thirteen twelve

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and eleven

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okay so these three LED are going

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to be our output

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now the new part today is that

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we're going to learn to use two

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switches because we want to use two

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digital inputs so we're going to use

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connector ten

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and nine

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so we add the switches

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and then from connector ten we're going

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to make this wire orange

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and an orange wire again for the

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second switch

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remember that we're going to connect a

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pull-down resistor so when we used the

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single button it was a ten kilo

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ohms pull down resistor so let's add

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one to each switch and change it

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to ten kilo ohms

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and these are actually going to be

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put into the center of the switches

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sorry let's move these

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and then we also need a five

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volts connector so we are going to

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connect the wire all the way down

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from five volts

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to this line and it'll be read

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now I need another red connection here

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because I want five volts to this

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switch and the same with this one

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and remember to connect it to the

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same horizontal line that the five foot

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wire is on sometimes we make mistakes

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connecting wires and then the circuits don't

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work but it's actually not related to

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the programming it's just because of an

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improper wire connection so make sure they're

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always connected properly

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so instead of having the button like

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before I have two switches why because

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we will manipulate them so that when

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I press one of them i'll have

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a single pointer single connection so if

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I want to press the other one

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I can't be pressing both at the

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same time that's why I'm using a

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switch

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because remember when we discussed components we

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said that switches have two permanent states

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on and off that's why we need

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two switches instead of two buttons because

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if we use a button then the

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moment we finish pressing the connection is

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closed

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okay

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so that's why we're going to use

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two switches and it'll make a lot

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more sense when we see the simulation

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later

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so this switch is connected the same

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way the button has been connected and

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now there's no connection between this point

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and this point

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okay you can see this position so

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here this wire is connected to the

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ground through the pull-down resistor and then

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the moment that there's a connection between

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the orange and the red wires I

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have five volts from here and then

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the five volts will be in connectors

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ten and the same for number nine

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now for this simulation i'm going to

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simulate the circuit this way

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let's code and I'm going to program

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it step by step

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the first thing I need are two

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variables

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I'm going to name them input nine

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and input ten because we're reading two

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inputs from those numbers

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input ten

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now right now I haven't said anything

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about the behavior of the arduino board

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or the circuit and I'm going to

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explain it while I'm programming so if

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you think you miss something I just

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haven't gotten there yet

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now the first thing we're gonna do

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is read numbers nine and ten so

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let's find them here and we're going

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to read nine

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and again with ten

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now we're going to use these readings

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to define input nine and input ten

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it means that we're reading these two

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connectors and we are storing their values

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into variables remember that variables are like

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boxes and we store the values inside

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of them

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so here we are going to store

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high or low depending on whether the

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switch is on or off

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and now we can move on to

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the behavior so first of all I

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need an if condition "si" remember if

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now we have four possibilities here

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with two switches they can either be

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both on

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both off or the first one on

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and the second one off or the

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first one off and the second one

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on so I need to if or

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see sections and therefore possibilities now to

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compare we already know the sine equals

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in the previous exercise

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we've used that so I need to

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have them here because I'm going to

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use the and connector

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so let's add two equals

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and then we want to eat or

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and to compare them

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and put them together let's make it

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smaller so it's easier to see

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now there are two possibilities okay the

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first possibility is that number nine will

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be low or off and another possibility

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is number ten is low or off

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if nine is often ten is off

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I'm going to use the and block

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to combine both of them

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so they can both be off now

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let's combine them into this one big

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and block we want the whole thing

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and drag it over here

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so I'm using this condition instead of

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one single condition and combining them okay

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this is the purpose of the exercise

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is to combine two different conditions and

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that's why we have two different inputs

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so what do I want if both

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of them are off well we can

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consider that if both of them are

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low then thirteen twelve and eleven are

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low as well

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those lights so we'll use three blocks

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in a row

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one for each lcd

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make sure they're in the correct place

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all connected to each other

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so if nine and ten are off

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I'm going to decide for my program

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that thirteen twelve and eleven eli these

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are all low why because that's just

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what I want for the program so

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let's do thirteen twelve and eleven

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although

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okay what else do I want well

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I can just remove these three and

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actually copy what we already have because

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it's easier this way

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so down here what happens if nine

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is hide number switch nine as high

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and ten is low well what do

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we want let's just say that we

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would like thirteen to be high why

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not

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so if we press this one thirteen

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will be high

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okay that's the second possibility now what

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happens if nine is low or off

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and ten is high or on it

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means that if we're pressing this one

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if ten is the only one that's

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on

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then let's say eleven is high so

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eleven will shine it'll be high

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this is just how I'm going to

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decide to program this this time this

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way

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now what happens if both of them

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nine and ten are high or an

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ok we'll just because we want we

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can try to program a blinking series

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like we did before so we're going

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to program a blink the way that

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we know how to do it

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it can duplicate

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and remember that we need the wait

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code

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so duplicate this

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and add the wait for the blinking

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duplicate again and I'll have them all

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low after waiting so shining on that

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loop of on and off

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okay do you see that have both

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of them are low if both of

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them are off then it's a blinking

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program so realize that there are four

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if blocks for each part because we

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still only have four possibilities low and

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low low and high high end low

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and high and high and for every

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possibility

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I haven't programmed a different behavior so

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now let's see if it works the

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way that we've programmed okay

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so start the simulation and both switches

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are off

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another appears to be a mistake somewhere

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after switching this on

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ok it's a problem with the liars

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were missing our ground connection so be

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careful with the ground we always need

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to include that for our ladies

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okay now can you see that all

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three are connected to the ground and

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now that the circuit is closed and

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everything should work so let's start again

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okay so again i think there's a

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problem with the connection so let's see

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if we can find the problem

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ah no actually there is no problem

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because it is running according to the

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program so if the two of them

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are low then there is a blink

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it makes sense if the two of

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them are high

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and and we can scroll back up

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here

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hmm okay so I made a mistake

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with the program so I'm going to

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check it again low and low and

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the last part is high and high

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okay now if both of them are

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switched on we want the blink

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if both of them are off then

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the lights are low

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there we go so on is when

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we want the blank ok now it's

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right

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so it's important that when you program

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you check the behavior of your programming

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making mistakes is not a problem but

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just check the work okay so now

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the two of them are off

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nothing happens and they're low

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if I press the first one

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this one is ten

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the two of them are high

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these two now I'm going to modify

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it so that just eleven is high

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instead

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so go over here

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to our tennis high

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and just eleven will be high instead

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so can you see the difference now

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and let's start the simulation again and

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now both of them are off and

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nothing happens

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and if I press this one then

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the shining perfect so it's according to

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the program if just the second one

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is on then this one is shining

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perfect just like we programmed and if

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both of them are on we have

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the blinking program so it works the

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circuit behaves according to the program now

287
00:14:19,195 --> 00:14:20,095
we've made some mist

288
00:14:20,095 --> 00:14:21,865
stakes but that's not a big problem

289
00:14:21,865 --> 00:14:23,545
because we can always check and then

290
00:14:23,545 --> 00:14:27,505
compare our behavior with our program to

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the same way that when you simulate

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00:14:29,155 --> 00:14:31,465
the circuit you can check the behavior

293
00:14:31,465 --> 00:14:34,525
to that we've connected everything okay so

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I will repeat this circuit

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00:14:37,615 --> 00:14:40,945
if nothing is connected then nothing happens

296
00:14:41,365 --> 00:14:43,465
if one of them is on then

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00:14:43,465 --> 00:14:44,335
one is shining

298
00:14:45,595 --> 00:14:47,035
and if the other one is on

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00:14:47,395 --> 00:14:49,645
then the other one is shining and

300
00:14:49,645 --> 00:14:51,895
if both are on we have the

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three elegies blinking now the most important

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00:14:55,405 --> 00:14:57,355
thing is just realizing that there are

303
00:14:57,355 --> 00:15:00,805
always four possibilities here low and low

304
00:15:01,405 --> 00:15:04,375
low and high high end low and

305
00:15:04,375 --> 00:15:05,695
high and high okay

306
00:15:05,695 --> 00:15:08,725
okay so check all four possibilities and

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00:15:08,725 --> 00:15:10,735
make sure to compare them in the

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00:15:10,735 --> 00:15:14,455
program with their behaviors okay so this

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00:15:14,485 --> 00:15:16,705
is going to be your exercise for

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00:15:16,705 --> 00:15:20,065
today with these two switches and four

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00:15:20,125 --> 00:15:22,195
possibilities good luck