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English class after the Christmas break. Before Christmas we had a look at

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different forms of talking about the future and we'll talk about that in

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class too. But today we're going to move on to something that is related but it's

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not exactly the future. It's the conditional sentences. Let's have a look

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at what we are talking about. Conditional sentences are sentences that have two

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parts. These two parts have this name the if clause and the main clause. So look at

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this example. If it rains tomorrow is the if clause. We will not come. That is the

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main clause. The if clause is called like that because it usually has the word if.

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It is the part of the sentence that talks about a condition and the main

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clause usually has to do with the result of that condition. The order of the two

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clauses in the conditional sentence is not important. That is, I can have the if

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clause first or second if it rains I'll stay at home however or ill I'll stay at

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home if it rains but there is a difference when the if clause is placed

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at the beginning of the sentence there has to be a comma between the if clause

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and the main clause. As you can see in this other example, there is no comma

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between the two parts of the sentence. I stayed home, went to the beginning

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or at the end of the sentence. There are, and I say three or four types of

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conditional sentences because there are actually four but we are just going to

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deal with three and today we are just going to deal with two. Each type of

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conditional sentence uses different tenses, different verb tenses to show a

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difference or the difference in how probable the result can be. You're gonna

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see this in a very simple way when we start looking at each of the

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types of conditional sentences. The important thing that I want you to know

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now is that there are different verb tenses in each conditional sentence. So

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what are these three types of conditional sentences that we're going

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to look at the first conditional this is the structure if plus present we will see

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what this is and then the other part of the sentence in the main clause the

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future if I'll study I'll pass the second conditional if goes with past and

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And there's a would and infinitive in the main clause.

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If I studied, I would pass.

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And the third conditional.

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If would pass perfect and would have in the other part of the sentence.

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I'm sorry, but there should be a comma here, okay?

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If I had studied, I would have passed.

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But that we will leave for the next day.

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First conditional.

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know. So the first conditional, the if clause and the main clause have these

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tenses in them. In the if clause we are always going to find a verb in the

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present tense. In the main clause we are always going to find a verb in the

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future present tense future tense look at these two examples if I feel sick

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tomorrow that's present I will not go to school that's how we form the future if

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you remember with will and the negative in this case of will is adding or is

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made by adding NOT to WILL. This is another example. This is in the IF clause

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we've got PRESENT. If it rains then in the main clause we've got FUTURE. A match

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will be cancelled. Remember that after WILL the verb goes in INFINITIVE. That means

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it doesn't change for the person. What do we use the first conditional for? We

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We use the first conditional to speak about possible or probable future events, so things

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that are likely to happen, things that are probable to happen.

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If the weather is sunny tomorrow, we will go surfing.

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It's probable that we go surfing.

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Note that in the if clause we've got present, whereas in the main clause we've got future.

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We also use the fast conditional to make promises or warnings.

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If you forget my birthday, I'll never speak to you again, I promise.

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To give commands or orders.

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If you are tired, go to bed.

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The only difference here is that in this case, in the case when we use the fast conditional

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forgiving commands or orders this part of this in the main clause we are not

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really using the present tense but we are using that imperative in this case

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the verb in the main clause is an imperative how about the second

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conditional tenses in the second conditional the tenses in the second

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conditional the verb tenses in the second conditional go like this in the

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if clause we use the past past simple in the main clause we use would in would is

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followed by infinitive note just one thing I think you'll find helpful would

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never and I say and I repeat never goes in the same part of the sentence as if

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Okay? Try to have that clear. That will help. Examples. If he were a bird, he would

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fly all over the world. Would, an infinitive. In the first part of the

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sentence, in the if clause, we use past tense. I know that this is a bit strange

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to see here, he and were, but we'll talk about it in a minute. If I had two

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thousand... two hundred thousand dollars now, I would, by a car, pass simple in the

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if clause, would followed by infinitive in the main clause. There you go. That's the

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money and the car so what do we use a second conditional for i guess that you've had an idea

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with examples that we saw in the previous slide then in anyways we use a second conditional

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to speak about present and future situations which are not likely to happen or to speak about

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hypothesis. If you remember when we were talking about the fast conditional, we

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were referring to situations that were likely to happen. It was kind of

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possible that if tomorrow is sunny we will go surfing. But if I had some money

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I would lend it to you. That means that I don't have any money or I don't have

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enough money it's not so likely but if I had it I would do that it's a hypothesis

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or if I were a boy maybe I would understand I'm not a boy if I were it's

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a hypothesis you hypothesize about what you would do if you had this money or if

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you were a different person. Remember when in the previous slide I

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taught you to think about or to bear in mind this were? So this is the reason. We

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use were here with first person and with third person singular in an unusual way

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because the typical form of the verb to be for the past for the first person

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singular and the third person singular is was but in the conditional form in

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the second conditional form were is used often instead of was in the first and

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second second person condition is super common to hear that actually it's way more natural than

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if i was a boy to finish today with conditionals i just wanted to refer to these other connectors

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i don't know if you remember but when i started talking about conditionals at the beginning of

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this presentation, I said that usually we use if in the conditional sentences, inconditional

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sentences. I said usually because the truth is that there are other connectors. And this is one

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of the most frequent ones that you're going to find, unless. Have a look at these two sentences

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or compare these two sentences. If you don't phone John, he'll get very angry. Unless you phone John,

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he'll get very angry. They mean more or less the same. So, we could say that unless means more or

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less the same as if not. So, this part of the sentence is more or less the same as this one.

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unless you phone John, he'll get very angry

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if you don't phone John, he'll get very angry

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that means that

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you can use one option

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or the other interchangeably

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it depends on you, it depends on your style

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on what you want to say

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if you want to use unless or not

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so, we're going to leave it here for today

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as a presentation

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now just go to the other part of the

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to go to the aula virtual

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to do practice

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and you know that I will be available

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in the video call

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if you need me