1
00:00:00,990 --> 00:00:11,109
Hello everyone! Today we're going to study materials, okay, as the week before, but

2
00:00:11,109 --> 00:00:18,730
this time we're gonna look at their properties and everyday objects made

3
00:00:18,730 --> 00:00:26,550
with those materials. I am going to say bye-bye here, I'm gonna keep on talking, I

4
00:00:26,550 --> 00:00:42,859
I just minimize this so you can see everything, okay. So, do you know where do

5
00:00:42,859 --> 00:00:54,880
materials come from? Okay, for example, the sheep wool comes from sheep, okay, wool

6
00:00:54,880 --> 00:01:09,650
We use it to make clothing. Now what is this? Cotton. Cotton is actually a plant.

7
00:01:09,650 --> 00:01:22,310
We use cotton to make clothing or for cosmetics. Now this is a tree and a tree

8
00:01:22,310 --> 00:01:33,689
has wood. Do you know what do we use wood for? We'll see it in a moment. Metal, metal

9
00:01:33,689 --> 00:01:47,310
we will see. What do we use metal for? Sand and another tree with in the white

10
00:01:47,310 --> 00:01:58,750
substance. What can that be? Let's see. Let's start with wood. Wood is a natural

11
00:01:58,750 --> 00:02:10,110
material that comes from trees. Okay. It is hard and it's strong. It is used to

12
00:02:10,110 --> 00:02:21,930
make doors, pencils, furniture, and paper. Okay? The paper we use every day. It comes

13
00:02:21,930 --> 00:02:32,490
from a substance that wood has called cellulose. Okay? With cellulose we

14
00:02:32,490 --> 00:02:41,750
make paper and toilet paper as well so it's very important to recycle so we

15
00:02:41,750 --> 00:02:53,439
don't cut down many trees to make paper always recycle metal metal is a

16
00:02:53,439 --> 00:03:06,460
manufacturing material that comes from certain rocks. Okay? Metal is hard. It is strong and

17
00:03:06,460 --> 00:03:20,919
it is shiny. Okay? It is used to make cars, jewelry like bracelets or watches or earrings,

18
00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:35,039
cutlery forks knives spoons and to make planes okay the airplane it is also used to make paper

19
00:03:35,039 --> 00:03:47,969
and cardboard no this is a mistake it belongs to wood okay sorry for that fabric okay fabric

20
00:03:47,969 --> 00:03:55,669
Fabric is a generic term to call telas, okay?

21
00:03:55,669 --> 00:04:07,389
Tela can be made with wool or cotton or a mixture of both or even petroleum, okay?

22
00:04:07,389 --> 00:04:13,729
Fabric is soft, flexible and smooth.

23
00:04:13,729 --> 00:04:19,970
It is used to make clothing like your t-shirt or your trousers.

24
00:04:21,129 --> 00:04:26,750
Okay, it's used to make pillows and carpets.

25
00:04:27,589 --> 00:04:29,370
Yes, carpets.

26
00:04:29,370 --> 00:04:41,290
A carpet is a piece of fabric that you lay on the floor so the floor is not cold.

27
00:04:41,290 --> 00:04:50,569
Carpet means alfombra and not carpeta, which is folder.

28
00:04:50,569 --> 00:05:04,490
Glass. Glass is a manufactured material. Glass is made with very, very fine sand.

29
00:05:05,930 --> 00:05:13,370
It's a very specific sand. It's even finer than the sand you find in the beaches, okay?

30
00:05:13,689 --> 00:05:24,470
This sand is heated up at a very, very, very high temperature and actually becomes a liquid, okay?

31
00:05:24,470 --> 00:05:37,189
that liquid becomes cold and you can make glasses, okay, drinking glasses,

32
00:05:37,189 --> 00:05:51,870
windows and spectacles, which is a fancy word for glasses, okay? These glasses, the

33
00:05:51,870 --> 00:06:04,009
glasses we use to see people with. Okay? Very good. Plastic. Plastic is made of

34
00:06:04,009 --> 00:06:14,990
petroleum. Okay? That black oil we saw before. Plastic is all around us. Many

35
00:06:14,990 --> 00:06:24,230
things that we use every day are made of plastic and using plastic is not very

36
00:06:24,230 --> 00:06:32,629
good for the environment because it takes years and years and years to

37
00:06:32,629 --> 00:06:41,990
disappear that's why it's very important to recycle okay not use petroleum to

38
00:06:41,990 --> 00:06:52,310
make plastic but use plastic to make more plastic all right there are many types of plastic

39
00:06:53,509 --> 00:07:03,670
and depending on the object the plastic will be rigid or bendy for example rigid plastic

40
00:07:03,670 --> 00:07:10,550
Plastic is the plastic you find in your TV remote controller, ¿ok?

41
00:07:10,949 --> 00:07:14,610
El mando de la tele está hecho de plástico rígido.

42
00:07:15,389 --> 00:07:19,370
Or, plastic can be bendy.

43
00:07:19,370 --> 00:07:28,209
For example, the plastic we use to cover food.

44
00:07:28,209 --> 00:07:41,040
El film transparente que se utiliza para cubrir la comida no es rígido, ¿vale?

45
00:07:41,420 --> 00:07:47,480
Es manejable, se dobla, es flexible, ¿de acuerdo?

46
00:07:48,600 --> 00:07:54,860
A very important thing about plastic is that it is waterproof.

47
00:07:54,860 --> 00:08:07,120
roof. That means that water cannot pass through it. Okay? Very important. It is used to make

48
00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:22,660
bottles, toys, like Lego bricks, markers, pens and rulers. Okay? Rubber. It's a manufactured

49
00:08:22,660 --> 00:08:34,360
material. Rubber comes from tree sap, okay? It can come from tree sap,

50
00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:43,419
es decir, el árbol del caucho, okay? But then with chemical products it is transformed

51
00:08:43,419 --> 00:08:57,419
to make more rubber products like latex or nitrilo or goma, all right? The generic

52
00:08:57,419 --> 00:09:06,419
term for rubber is goma. And there are many types of rubber, okay?

53
00:09:06,419 --> 00:09:15,139
Tires are made of rubber. Los neumáticos de los coches están hechos de goma.

54
00:09:15,139 --> 00:09:26,279
La goma de borrar está hecha de goma. Las gomas elásticas están hechas de goma.

55
00:09:27,039 --> 00:09:34,259
Y los tan necesarios guantes están hechos de goma también.

56
00:09:34,259 --> 00:09:44,539
Okay? To make tires, erasers, elastic bands, boots and gloves.

57
00:09:47,240 --> 00:09:50,820
Clay. Clay is a natural material.

58
00:09:51,899 --> 00:09:56,679
Clay comes from the ground, like rocks, okay? And sand.

59
00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:03,179
It is soft and flexible when it is fresh, okay?

60
00:10:03,179 --> 00:10:14,860
clay, but becomes hard and rigid and waterproof when heated up in an oven.

61
00:10:16,620 --> 00:10:25,500
Clay is used to make bowls, pots, plates and other decorative objects.

62
00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:34,240
It is also used in construction, like bricks and tiles.

63
00:10:34,799 --> 00:10:42,919
Los ladrillos para hacer las casas y las tejas de los tejados are made up of clay.

64
00:10:43,820 --> 00:10:50,019
Finally, you'll be surprised to know that it's used to make cosmetics.

65
00:10:50,019 --> 00:10:59,120
because it has lots of cleaning properties.

66
00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:08,059
La arcilla tiene una capacidad depurativa en la piel muy, muy, muy importante.

67
00:11:09,139 --> 00:11:19,399
Pero no la arcilla que utilizamos para hacer un bol o hacer un ladrillo.

68
00:11:20,019 --> 00:11:24,919
arcilla específica, ¿vale? Eso ya lo aprenderemos en quinto o en sexto.

69
00:11:26,919 --> 00:11:39,340
Okay, now, why an object is made from...

70
00:11:39,340 --> 00:11:41,279
What do we mean by this?

71
00:11:42,480 --> 00:11:49,820
We mean that objects are made of certain materials and not others

72
00:11:49,820 --> 00:11:54,600
because of the properties the materials have.

73
00:11:55,559 --> 00:12:10,340
That is, a window is made of glass because it is clear, it is transparent, so it lets light pass through it.

74
00:12:11,340 --> 00:12:16,600
And it's waterproof, so rain doesn't get in.

75
00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:38,860
Okay, so you see, glass is hard, it's rigid, it's waterproof and clear, and that's why we use it to make windows or glasses, seen glasses.

76
00:12:38,860 --> 00:12:44,899
Okay, another object, boots.

77
00:12:46,600 --> 00:12:57,779
Boots are made of rubber because rubber is waterproof, so you can jump into muddy puddles, okay?

78
00:12:58,179 --> 00:13:08,360
If you're not wearing your rubber boots, you cannot jump in water puddles, okay?

79
00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:19,679
So, depending on what we need, we will use one material or another.

80
00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:26,480
Are you going to make an umbrella out of fabric?

81
00:13:27,220 --> 00:13:31,720
No, because fabric is not waterproof.

82
00:13:31,720 --> 00:13:41,440
waterproof, ok? No vamos a hacer un paraguas de tela porque si no, ¿qué va a pasar? Que

83
00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:48,759
la tela no aísla del agua, con lo cual nos vamos a calar, ¿vale? Ya veremos que hay

84
00:13:48,759 --> 00:13:56,960
telas que se pueden plastificar o materiales que se pueden tejer junto con la tela para

85
00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:07,759
que sea waterproof. Challenge time! Now it's your turn to go into your pupil's

86
00:14:07,759 --> 00:14:19,679
book, digital or paper, and do pages 70, 71 and 72. Okay, they are very easy if you

87
00:14:19,679 --> 00:14:33,179
understood this video, okay? I'll see you next time. Bye-bye!