1 00:00:03,310 --> 00:00:17,690 The mystery of Las Meninas. Velázquez painted a lot of very important works of art. One of his most important works of art is Las Meninas. In this painting he draws the royal family of Gatanz. 2 00:00:17,690 --> 00:00:37,850 In this painting, he also draws himself wearing a cross. He didn't wear it until 1560. When he wore it, he became a nobleman. But he drew this picture in 1556. When he drew that picture, he could not wear that cross. 3 00:00:37,850 --> 00:00:53,850 How was this possible? Some people say that the king withdrew over the original painting in order to say thanks to the great painter. Others say that Velázquez drew himself with a cross. 4 00:00:53,850 --> 00:01:11,049 Hello, I am Fernandez Magallanes and with this film La Victoria I will travel from the Pacific Ocean. 5 00:01:11,049 --> 00:01:21,810 Hello, I am Velazquez and I am one of the most famous painters in the world. 6 00:01:21,810 --> 00:01:33,810 I lived on the seventh century. When painting, it was only a job. And I was a nobleman too. 7 00:01:34,810 --> 00:01:41,810 Spain was financially weaker. There was less gold and silver arriving from America. 8 00:01:41,810 --> 00:01:51,810 America and the many wars were expensive. In this period of time there were bad harbors. 9 00:01:54,680 --> 00:02:03,159 I'm Charles I and during the 16th century Spain lost much of its territories 10 00:02:03,719 --> 00:02:09,479 because was constantly at war and was financially weaker. 11 00:02:09,479 --> 00:02:26,189 The Golden Age was a period of artistic and literary splendor in Spain during the Hansburg dynasty. 12 00:02:26,189 --> 00:02:36,189 In literature, in particular in novels, the most famous author of the period is Miguel Cervantes, who brought Don Quixote. 13 00:02:36,189 --> 00:02:40,189 He was a soldier and fought in Battle of Lepanto. 14 00:02:40,189 --> 00:02:55,789 I'm a pirate. We attacked Cervantes' ship. We made him prisoner. He was prisoner in Algeria for five years. 15 00:02:57,789 --> 00:03:05,789 When my father, Philip II, died in 1598, I, Philip III, became King of Spain. 16 00:03:05,789 --> 00:03:12,789 I am not very interested in governing the country, so my royal favourites governed it for me. 17 00:03:12,789 --> 00:03:17,469 My most important favorite was the Duke of Lerma. 18 00:03:18,729 --> 00:03:23,050 My most important event was the expulsion of Moriscos. 19 00:03:24,069 --> 00:03:26,590 Moriscos was a Muslim civilization. 20 00:03:27,389 --> 00:03:36,069 More than 300,000 Moriscos have to leave their homes and lands. 21 00:03:40,270 --> 00:03:42,370 Unit 9, Part 1. 22 00:03:42,370 --> 00:03:50,669 Seventeenth century, the decline of the Spanish Empire, the reign of Philip III, Duke of Lerma. 23 00:03:54,400 --> 00:04:01,340 I am Duke of Lerma, and I am most important Philip III's royal favorite. 24 00:04:02,919 --> 00:04:09,620 I'm Philip IV. I became king in 1621. 25 00:04:09,620 --> 00:04:13,580 My royal favorite is the Count Duke of Olivares. 26 00:04:13,580 --> 00:04:20,680 On the Thirty Years' War, Spain lost the Netherlands and other territories in Europe. 27 00:04:21,540 --> 00:04:31,560 Hi, I'm Count Duke of Olivares. I cover Spain. I try to reinforce the king's power. 28 00:04:32,439 --> 00:04:35,079 The reign of Charles II. 29 00:04:35,759 --> 00:05:09,550 Okay, I don't have any children. I don't have any children. 30 00:05:09,550 --> 00:05:35,009 The Golden Age was a period of art and literary splendor in Spain during the Habsburg dynasty. 31 00:05:35,009 --> 00:05:41,009 Works of art were mainly of religious themes commissioned by the Catholic Church. 32 00:05:41,009 --> 00:05:53,009 Buildings were ornately decorated and lots of curved elements to give a sense of movement. 33 00:05:53,009 --> 00:06:20,000 Unit 9. Painting. Artists painted portraits in a realistic style. They also used contrasts so the figures seemed illuminated. Some of the famous artists were El Greco, Francisco de Zurbarán and Diego de Velázquez. 34 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:37,029 Theatres. Some famous authors are Félix López de Vega, Tirso de Molina and Ferdo Caltrón de la Barca. 35 00:06:37,029 --> 00:06:48,790 Unit 9. Miguel de Cervantes was born in Alcalá de Navis. He fought in the Battle of Lepanto. 36 00:06:48,790 --> 00:07:02,269 When he returned to Spain, his ship was attacked by pirates and Cervantes was made a prison. 37 00:07:02,269 --> 00:07:08,310 He was prisoned in Algeria for five years. 38 00:07:08,310 --> 00:07:11,790 He then returned to Spain. 39 00:07:11,790 --> 00:07:17,089 I'm Bourbon from France. A new royal dynasty ruled Spain. 40 00:07:18,670 --> 00:07:21,569 Philip V and Ferdinand VI. 41 00:07:22,670 --> 00:07:27,370 In 1700, Philip V became king. 42 00:07:28,589 --> 00:07:34,550 He was the grandson of the French king of Louis XIV. 43 00:07:34,550 --> 00:07:35,709 Bye! 44 00:07:36,829 --> 00:07:39,769 Philip V and Ferdinand VI. 45 00:07:39,769 --> 00:07:51,769 Ferdinand VI became king after Philip V. He continued the reforms. He also built roads and canals. 46 00:07:51,769 --> 00:07:53,769 Bye! 47 00:07:53,769 --> 00:08:02,769 Unit 9, part 3. 18th century. The Bourbon dynasty. Charles III and Charles IV. Charles III. 48 00:08:02,769 --> 00:08:26,670 I am Charles III and we tried to modernize the country. We tried to improve the agriculture, industry and trade. We reformed education and built libraries and museums such as Grado Museum. Under this ruler, Menorca became part of Spain again. 49 00:08:26,670 --> 00:08:44,669 At the end of the 8th century, Charles IV became king of Spain. He was an unpopular king who left the government of the country in the hands of his minister Manuel Godoy. 50 00:08:44,669 --> 00:08:51,669 Hello, I am Rousseau, an important French philosopher during the 15th century. 51 00:08:51,669 --> 00:09:00,669 In the 15th century, during the Bourbon dynasty, it was a big cultural movement called the Enlightenment. 52 00:09:00,669 --> 00:09:05,669 An important work of the Enlightenment was the Encyclopedia. 53 00:09:05,669 --> 00:09:36,399 Francisco de Goya 54 00:09:36,399 --> 00:09:49,960 okay these are these are very beautiful and very tragedy and drama um we finished