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Hello everyone! We are going to begin learning about early modern Spain.

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A new monarchy.

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Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of Aragon married in the year 1469.

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They inherited the kingdoms of Aragon and Castilla and unified them under one crown,

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but each retained its own laws, government, language, and frontiers.

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Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of Aragon married and created the Spanish monarchy.

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monarchy. They were known as the Catholic Monarchs. They unified Aragon and Castilla

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under one crown. But Aragon and Castilla were still very different because each had their

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own laws, government, language, and frontiers.

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expansion of the monarchy. The Catholic monarchs expanded their power by uniting

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the other territories of the Iberian Peninsula. In 1492 they conquered the

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Muslim Kingdom of Granada after ten years of war. Starting in 1496, they annexed the Canary Islands,

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Melilla, and Oran in North Africa. In 1512, they added the Kingdom of Navarre. In this picture,

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the blue arrow shows the union of the kingdom of Castilla and the crown of Aragon. They came

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together under one rule. The red arrow shows the expansion of Castilla. You can see how

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they expanded the monarchy. Governing the kingdoms. Let's look at this chart. Governing

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bodies of the Catholic monarchs. There were councils, royal audiences, and a royal treasury.

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Councils helped govern. The royal audience administered justice. And the royal treasury

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collected taxes. The Catholic monarchs imposed their authority over the feudal nobility. They

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centralized power by creating governing bodies. They named diplomats and created a professional

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army. They established a new type of authoritarian monarchy. The Jews and the Muslims were expelled.

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Three different cultures and religions coexisted in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.

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In the Middle Ages, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity coexisted, but the Catholic

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monarchs decided that everyone in their kingdom should follow one religion, Christianity.

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The Catholic monarchs gave the Jews and the Muslims a choice. The Jews and Muslims could

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convert to Christianity, they could change their religion, or they could leave the kingdom. They

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had two options, convert or leave. Jews and Muslims who converted to Christianity were

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called conversos. Muslim converts were also known as moriscos. The Tribunal of the Holy Office of

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the Inquisition, the Spanish Inquisition, was created to punish any converts who practiced

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their old religion in secret. Okay, this is all for today. Goodbye for now.