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The wind instruments make up a group of great timbral diversity.

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The common principle of all of them is the production of sound by means of the vibration of the air

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inside the tube.

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The type of vibration depends on how the air is blown into the tube.

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The height of the sounds is related to the length of the tube.

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A short tube produces high-pitched sounds and a long tube produces low-pitched sounds.

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The tubes can also be shortened or lengthened by means of mechanisms,

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keys, pistons, rods.

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The emission force also allows you to modify the height of the sound.

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The wind instruments are grouped by following some common characteristics.

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Wood, metals and wind with keyboard.

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The wood group is mostly composed of instruments built with this material,

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although there are some that are currently made of metal.

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All of them are formed by a tube provided with a series of holes

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that are covered directly with fingers or by means of keys.

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The function of the holes is to modify the length of the air column

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to obtain sounds of different heights.

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The type of mouthpiece directly influences the way the sound is produced.

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There are three types of mouthpiece.

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Bezel mouthpiece, simple tongue mouthpiece and double tongue mouthpiece.

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The bezel or flute mouthpiece consists of a hole with a sharp edge

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on which the performer blows.

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The flute has a cylindrical section tube with a conical top

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and whose holes are obtained by means of keys.

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Although by its characteristics it belongs to the family of wood,

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today it is built in metal.

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The flute is agile and light.

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It has a clean and clear tone

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and its wide extension allows it to vary in sound quality.

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A special effect is the flute.

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Its melodic ability has given it a prominent position as a solo instrument.

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The flutine or piccolo is the highest instrument in the orchestra,

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therefore the smallest.

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Its short tube makes it sound an octave higher than the flute,

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so it could be considered an extension of this.

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Another type of mouthpiece that characterizes the woods is the simple tongue.

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It is a very thin elastic sheet that beats on the free end.

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The tongue is held inside the mouthpiece by means of a metal clamp.

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The clarinets and saxophones have this mouthpiece.

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Built in ebony wood, the clarinet is a cylindrical tube that ends in a slightly open pavilion.

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By and large, its timbre varies according to the register in which it is played.

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Low

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Medium

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High

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It is a very flexible instrument and has a dynamic capacity superior to any other wind instrument.

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Thanks to the precise mechanism of the keys,

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the clarinet is able to perform passages very fast and difficult.

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The bass clarinet is larger and its tube ends in a curved pavilion.

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It sounds an octave lower than the previous one.

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It has a great timbre homogeneity, especially in low sounds.

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Saxophone

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The saxophone is the most modern of the wind instruments.

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Its different types constitute a complete family of which the best known is the alto saxophone.

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It is a hybrid instrument that has the clarinet tongue and the characteristic conical section tube of the oboe.

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This tube, made of metal, widens until it ends in a curved and bell-shaped pavilion.

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A mechanism of rods connected to the keys and plates allows you to open or close the holes.

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The timbre is veiled and sensual, so it has been used frequently in exotic melodies.

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Soprano

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The smaller soprano sax has a more incisive timbre.

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Violin

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The double-tongued instruments have a mouth formed by two thin tongues attached to a narrow metal tube that fits into the instrument.

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The oboe, the English horn, the bassoon and the double bassoon belong to this group.

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The oboe is the highest, has the straight tube of conical section and ends in a little open pavilion.

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The tongues are adapted at its upper end. It has a somewhat nasal sound.

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Sometimes it becomes sweet and other times penetrating.

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Symphonic orchestra

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Due to its expressive possibilities, it has become an essential instrument in the symphonic orchestra, as it responds to the most varied requirements of the composers.

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Horn

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The English horn is an oboe contralto.

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Being longer than that, the tongues have to be fitted into a tube bent backwards called a tudel.

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The lower end adopts the shape of a pear.

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It has a more nasal timbre than the oboe. It is melancholic, sad and somber, especially in the low register.

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Violin

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Bassoon

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The bassoon has a long tube built of maple or rosewood, folded over itself, which presents the appearance of two parallel tubes of different lengths.

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The tongues are larger than those of the English horn and are inserted into a tube also longer and wavy.

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The staccato in the bassoon, as in the oboe, is very precise and penetrating.

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Violin

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It has a great extension.

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Although it has an important role as a bass, due to its timbral possibilities in the different registers, it can play melodies as a soloist.

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Violin

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The double bassoon is the lowest instrument in the group and therefore the largest.

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It sounds an octave lower than the bassoon.

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Violin

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It has a dense and powerful timbre.

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Violin

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These instruments are often associated in duos and trios because of the ease they have to match their sounds.

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Violin

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Bassoon

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Violin

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In the orchestra, the wooden instruments are placed in two rows.

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In the central part, in front of the conductor and behind the string.

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In the first row, flutine, flutes, oboes and English horn.

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Behind clarinets, bassoon and double bassoon.

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When the score requires a saxophone, it is placed to the left of the clarinets.

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Violin

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In the ensemble, the wooden instruments offer great timbre richness, both for their diversity and for the variety of registers that each instrument has.

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Violin

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Violin

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Violin

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Violin

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Violin

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Violin

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Violin