1 00:00:05,870 --> 00:00:13,230 A brain tumor is a mass or growth of abnormal cells in your brain or close to your brain. 2 00:00:13,869 --> 00:00:18,250 They can be benign, non-cancerous, or malignant cancers. 3 00:00:19,070 --> 00:00:22,989 Designs and symptoms of a brain tumor vary greatly. 4 00:00:23,530 --> 00:00:27,809 They depend on the brain tumor's size, location, and rate of growth. 5 00:00:28,449 --> 00:00:32,390 People without cancer can also suffer from these symptoms. 6 00:00:32,869 --> 00:00:34,149 These are some of them. 7 00:00:34,149 --> 00:00:40,049 1. Headaches. This is one of the most common symptoms. 8 00:00:40,810 --> 00:00:49,350 2. Scissors. These are complex chemical changes that take place at nerve cells at our head. 9 00:00:49,990 --> 00:00:54,130 These lead to a sudden surge of unusual electrical activity. 10 00:00:55,189 --> 00:00:58,289 They can be alarming when they occur for the first time. 11 00:00:58,850 --> 00:01:03,929 They range from sudden violent shaking to muscle twitching or limbs shaking. 12 00:01:04,150 --> 00:01:15,670 3. Nausea and vomiting. These, on their own, are no sign of brain cancer. They are only alarming if they are accompanied by other symptoms. 13 00:01:15,670 --> 00:01:33,670 4. Behavioral and cognitive problems. These include problems with recent memory, saying inappropriate things as well as inability to concentrate. Other symptoms can be vision and hearing problems. 14 00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:41,670 problems. There are many types of brain tumors. These are some examples. 15 00:01:42,609 --> 00:01:49,189 Cleomas. This type of tumor develops in the glial cells, which make up the supportive tissue 16 00:01:49,189 --> 00:01:56,810 of the brain. It is usually caused by genetic disorders. It can be treated with surgery, 17 00:01:56,810 --> 00:02:03,349 radiotherapy or chemotherapy. If this type of tumor is diagnosed in advanced 18 00:02:03,349 --> 00:02:10,569 stages, treatment focuses on improving the quality of life of the patient. 19 00:02:10,569 --> 00:02:16,729 Craniofaringermas. These are usually found in children, teens or young adults. 20 00:02:16,729 --> 00:02:22,250 They locate near the base of the brain. Larger tumors can extend in all 21 00:02:22,250 --> 00:02:28,490 directions. They often distort the optic chiasm or compress the midbrain. They 22 00:02:28,490 --> 00:02:36,009 can cause the loss of vision and weight gain. Lymphomas. A lymphoma is a rare type 23 00:02:36,009 --> 00:02:41,530 of cancer which develops in the lymphatic system. It can start in the 24 00:02:41,530 --> 00:02:47,490 brain or in the spinal cord. It is treated different to other brain tumors. 25 00:02:47,490 --> 00:02:55,250 Sometimes methotrexate is injected into the fluid around your brain and spinal cord. 26 00:02:56,650 --> 00:02:57,509 Late effects. 27 00:02:58,009 --> 00:03:02,909 These are generally determined by which agents are used in the treatment. 28 00:03:03,590 --> 00:03:07,789 Different chemotherapy treatments have different effects in the patient. 29 00:03:08,770 --> 00:03:10,889 Surgery late effects. 30 00:03:11,370 --> 00:03:14,770 This one only affects the areas where the surgery has occurred. 31 00:03:14,770 --> 00:03:25,030 Surgery near the pituitary gland may affect the production of certain hormones, as well as emotional and behavioral changes. 32 00:03:26,030 --> 00:03:34,530 Cancer treatments can also lead to other side effects such as dental issues, infertility and hearing loss. 33 00:03:34,629 --> 00:03:44,430 An example of brain tumor is Litz's case, a 13-year-old who has diagnosed with a craniofaniastoma after several visits to opticians. 34 00:03:44,770 --> 00:03:52,770 The girl suffered from vision problems and it was diagnosticated with a tumor when she went to the hospital sent by an optician. 35 00:03:52,770 --> 00:03:58,469 The girl had several surgeries in which her tumor was removed. 36 00:03:58,469 --> 00:04:06,550 Nowadays she is concern free but has some behavior issues and is quite forgetful.