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Well, we are going to start with the second point of this unit, Religious Wars and the Counter-Reformation.

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If you remember, we were talking about the Reformation, about Martin Luther.

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So, one of the consequences of the Reformation movement, this religious movement, is going to be the religious wars.

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It means there is going to be a fight between the reformers and the reformation, the followers of the reformation ideas and in the other side, the supporters of Catholicism or the Catholic Church.

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So, we are going to have religious wars in different European countries divided into different groups.

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On one side, what we are going to have is the Catholics and in the other one, the Reformers.

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And finally, what we are going to see is the Counter-Reformation.

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It means the answer of the Catholic Church with regard to the Luther's thesis.

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Remember, Luther published the 95 Theses, his 95 Theses, criticizing the Church, so the Catholic Church is going to answer with this, the Counter-Reformation, in Spanish is Contra-Reforma, okay?

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It's going to be a religious movement, but this religious movement is going to start inside the Catholic Church and tries to defend the Catholic Church against the Reformation.

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so let's begin let's go with the religious wars okay we are going to start with these wars and

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these religious wars are going to start first in Germany of course remember Martin Luther was from

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Germany the reformation movement Lutheranism is going to start there and remember this movement

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is going to spread to different European countries so what we are going to have first is these

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religious wars okay so let's begin after luther published his thesis remember the 95 this is

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criticizing catholicism the conflict broke out okay so let's see what happened in europe let's

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see what happened in germany and how this conflict is going to start okay so in the beginning the

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church is going to answer uh is going to uh is going to answer uh directly they are going to

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excommunicate luther what is to excommunicate someone okay you can excommunicate someone

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expelling him or her out from the church so imagine you are a catholic but finally you do

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something really bad so you cannot be part of the church anymore remember luther was a priest

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okay so what they are going to the church is going to say okay you are excommunicate it means you are

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out of the catholic church now they are going to do that in 1521 okay so the answer of the church

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against luther against luther critics is going to is going to be excommunicate him okay so the

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church is going to excommunicate Luther in 1521 and they are going to attempt to prosecute him

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for heresy okay they are going to try to prosecute him for heresy it means they want to kill him

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in the end because when they want to prosecute him is like to persecute him catch him and judge him

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for heresy what is heresy heresy is when you are against so against two different

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catholic or religious dogmas for example you are catholic you believe in god you believe in jesus

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christ you believe in many different things related with the catholic church but in a specific moment

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you said okay this is wrong i am not going to follow this specific dogma it means i'm not going

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to follow this specific rule set by the catholic church so in that moment you are going to turn

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into a heretic it means un hereje in spanish heretic means hereje in spanish and heresy means

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here in spanish so the idea is the church is communicate as communicated luther in 1521 and

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they are going to try to prosecute him for heresy it means for not to follow the dogmas of the

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catholic church so if you think of it it makes sense because when luther is criticizing the

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catholic church he is doing it in a specific way that is provoking this division inside the church

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So it makes sense that the church is going to react this way, like excommunicated him, it means expelling him out of the church, of the catholic church, and then to try to prosecute him for heresy, because he is not following the dogmas.

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Okay, this is what the church is going to do with regard to Luther.

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in the other way in the political aspect okay this is a this communication is part of the

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religious aspect but this movement this uh this religious movement the reformation is going to

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have a political effect and the political effect is that part of the german nobles are going to

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follow luther or they are going to protect luther why these german nobles are going to protect

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luther okay the answer is easy if you remember when luther was publishing when luther published

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his 95 thesis um he is going to gain the favor or he is going to have on his sides on his side

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sorry the novels why because the novels wants the lands of the church these novels the german

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novels are saying okay if the reformation succeed the religious movement is started by luther

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succeed then we the nobles are going to acquire the lands of the catholic church so that we will

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be richer and we will be more powerful okay makes sense so the idea is the church is going to

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excommunicate luther in the religious aspect and they are going to try to prosecute him for

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heresy it means saying that he isn't following the dogma the second step or the second sphere

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of action is the political sphere and in this political sphere the german nobles are going to

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say okay we are going to protect luther because the reformation is going to benefit us if luther

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if the people start to follow luther and we won against the catholic church we will get the lands

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of the church and also well we will be richer and we will have more possessions but also

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we will be autonomous with regard to the emperor charles v the grandson of the catholic monarchs

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okay i need to explain why these german nobles are going to be autonomous with regard to the

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emperor if you remember the emperor and other kings uh they they're legitimate see it means

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They were kings or emperors

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Because God, or they said that

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God chosen them to be the emperor or to be the king

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So in this case

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If Luther is followed by these nobles

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These nobles are not going to follow the Catholic Church

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And remember, the Pope is the representative of God on earth

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So it means, the Pope is saying

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okay charge the fifth is the emperor of the germans so charge the fifth must be the emperor

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because god chosen him because i'm the representative of god the problem is these nobles

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okay are going to say okay we are not going to believe anymore in the catholic church so that

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we do not believe on the word of the of the pope so that charge the fifth has no power is not going

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to be anymore the emperor and if he is going to be the emperor at least we are we do not have to

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follow his rule because we are going to be autonomous we are going to believe in the same

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god but we are not going to believe in the catholic church that is saying okay the emperor has the

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power make sense so the idea is these german nobles are going to protect luther because of

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two reasons they want the lands of the church because if they do not believe in the catholic

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Church and the Catholic Church has no more power in Germany they can have the

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lands of the church second if the Catholic Church has no more power in

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Germany the Germans are not going to follow the church so if they do not

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follow the Catholic Church they are not going to follow the Pope and the Pope is

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the one as representative of governors saying that the Emperor of Germany is

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is Charles V. So that the nobles are going to become autonomous with regard to the emperor.

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In Spanish would be, los nobles alemanes van a proteger a Lutero porque quieren dos cosas. Uno,

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las tierras de la iglesia. ¿De acuerdo? Quieren las tierras de la iglesia. Si la iglesia católica

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ya no tiene peso en Alemania y quien tiene peso es la reforma de Lutero, la iglesia católica no

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has nothing to do with germany therefore the germans the noble germans would stay

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with the lands second carlos quinto is emperor by the grace of god who represents god on the

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earth the pope if the nobles no longer follow the pope and therefore no longer follow the catholic church

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what the pope says about carlos as an emperor does not matter to them therefore they become

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And then, príncipes or nobles, autónomos dentro de Alemania.

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Do you understand now in Spanish?

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So, the idea is these German nobles are going to protect Luther because of these two reasons.

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They want the lands of the church.

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And also, what they want is not to be under control of Charles V.

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What they want is to be autonomous, to do whatever they want in their own territories, in their own possessions.

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okay so remember germany the holy roman empire is going to be divided in different regions

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controlled by different nobles okay charge the fifth is controlling the empire and all these

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nobles are supposed to be under control of the emperor because god has chosen the emperor

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as now they are going to follow Luther that means break to break with the catholic church

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they are not going to believe that God has chosen Charles V so they do not have to follow

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Charles V rule so they are going to say I'm autonomous I'm going to control my possessions

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and you Charles V can do nothing in my territories the problem in Germany is as you can see here

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this Holy Roman Empire is going to be divided into two different areas the green one controlled by

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the Catholics the yellow and red one controlled by the Protestants so what we are going to have

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is a fight a war between the Protestants it means the red and yellow against the Catholics that they

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are the green ones okay so let's see Charles is not someone that wants to impose their rule

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So what he is going to do is try to talk to Luther and see if there is a possible solution for this problem.

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It means Charles V is going to say, OK, I want to listen to Luther.

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I want to see what you have to say and maybe we can get an arrangement and solve this problem.

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So they are going to meet in this meeting.

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Diet of worms. La dieta de worms.

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Dieta means assembly means like Parliament okay so this is the dieta of

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worms it means is like a Parliament like the Parliament in Spain so imagine in

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this diet of worms in this assembly okay the different nobles the clergy the

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Emperor here Luther here and they are talking trying to find an arrangement

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between the Catholics and the reformers okay what is the problem there is not

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going to be an arrangement they cannot find this arrangement so as there is no

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agreement okay the diet is going to fail and so that we are going to have a civil

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war in Germany remember Germany was divided in two different areas or the

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Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire and Germany are the same so the idea is in

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this Holy Roman Empire in this German territory we are going to have two

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sides the Catholic side and the Protestant side the Protestant side is

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going to be followed by the German nobles that they want to protect Luther

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and Luther itself in the Catholic one is going to be led by Charles the fifth so

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So we are going to have the emperor supporting the catholicism and the church and in the

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other side the protestant nobles creating the esmalkaldic league.

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In spanish is la liga esmalkalda.

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So the problem is we have the church excommunicating Luther and trying to prosecute him by heresy

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because he is not following the catholic dogma.

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In the political sphere, we have the German nobles saying, okay, we are going to follow

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Luther because we want the lands of the church and we want the emperor to have less power

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over us.

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We want to be autonomous.

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Charles is going to try to solve this problem by talking, using dialogue, where?

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In the Diet of Worms, in La Dieta de Worms, which is a meeting, an assembly, an assembly.

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But they couldn't reach an agreement.

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this diet is going to fail a war a civil war is going to broke out in Germany in

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one side we have the Emperor supported by supporting the Catholic Catholicism

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and the church and the other and in the other the protestant nobles

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that they are going to create what is called Esmalkaldic league no La Liga

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Esmalkalda so you see the Esmalkaldic league and the protestant states are

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going to be the green ones okay remember these these red lines are the frontiers

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of the Holy Roman Empire okay so these regions in green in dark green and in

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light green are going to be the Protestant regions okay but the yellow

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regions are going to be the Catholic ones and the orange ones are the

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territories controlled by Charles V himself okay so the idea is the green

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and the yellow territories again sorry the orange and yellow territories

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against the light green and dark green territories okay so as you can see

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Germany is going to be divided into halves okay the green one okay that is

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the Protestant one and the orange and yellow one that are going to be the

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Catholics who is going to win this war the Emperor the last battle is going to

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be the Battle of Muehlberg in 1547 so imagine 1521 is the moment when Luther

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was excommunicated okay and the Battle of Muehlberg is going to end with a

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conflict the problem is this conflict is not going to end exactly okay the Battle

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of Mühlberg is going to end with the war, but not with the conflict itself, ok?

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So this civil war is going to end with this battle, but even when the Schmalkaldic League

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has been defeated, Protestantism still exists in Germany, so the problem exists, ok?

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So the idea is the battle is going to end with the civil war, but not with the religious

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conflict.

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So the idea is the emperor is going to win the war in this battle.

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You can see this portrait, this painting of Charles V, is a painting of Titian, and what

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we are going to see is Charles V fighting already for the battle of Muehlberg.

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Charles V is going to win the battle, but he is not going to win the religious problem,

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the religious problem is going to remain.

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So finally Charles V is going to end this problem with this peace treaty, the peace

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of Habsburg, the peace of Habsburgo, La Paz de Habsburgo in 1555.

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What is going to happen in 1555 and what is the consequence of this peace of Habsburg?

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The peace of Hausburg is going to say, or is going to make that the emperor is going to grant it the Protestant princes religious freedom.

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It means the Protestant nobles, the Protestant princes are going to be free to choose their religion.

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They could be Catholic or they could be Protestant.

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So, the idea of this conflict or this religious war in Germany is that it's going to start

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with the excommunication of Luther in 1521, that the German nobles are going to protect

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Luther because they want the lands of the church and they want also to be autonomous,

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not to be under control of Charles V. Third, that Charles is going to try to reach an agreement

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using dialogue in the Diet of Worms in this meeting, but it's going to fail.

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So that we are going to have a civil war, between the emperor, protecting Catholicism

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and the church, and the protestant nobles forming the esmalticaldic league.

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Who is going to win the war?

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In the battle of Müller, in 1547, the emperor is going to win the war, but the conflict

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is not going to be over, because the religious problem remained.

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So everything is going to end in 1555, how?

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With the Peace of Augsburg.

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In this piece of Augsburg, the emperor is going to say, okay, the protestant princes

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can choose their religion.

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It means, in Germany we are going to have two religions, Catholicism and Protestantism.

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If the prince, if the noble, the German noble is a protestant noble, in his or her possessions

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the people is going to believe in luther or in protestantism while in those territories where

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the princes are catholics the religion is going to be catholicism vale es un una un acuerdo en el que

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cada uno va a querer en la religion que quiera no se va a imponer el catolicismo a toda alemania

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okay who is going to win the religious conflict the protestant princess why because they are not

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going to be Catholic the the Emperor is going to accept them as Protestants and

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the Emperor is going to accept Protestantism inside the empire inside

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the Empire okay here you have I will upload it to the

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virtual a video of this diet of worms how Luther is going to defend his

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position against the Emperor against Charles position okay these are going to

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be the religious wars in Germany but we are going to have wars also in different

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countries let's see this meme este meme lo hicimos Calvino hemos salvado la

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cristiandad remember Luther and John Calvin didn't want to end with

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Catholicism what they want is to reform Catholicism to reform the church

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but in the end what they are going to provoke is this division and

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The church we are going to have the Catholic Church in one side and they are going to and there is going to be

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Protestantism in the other side. That's why this meme is saying, okay, we save Christianity and they set fire to the whole

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city to the whole

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Religion a religious countries. Okay. Oh the the whole sorry the whole Catholic countries, okay

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Okay, other religious wars, we are going to have, after the Peace of Habsburg, the Protestant

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conflict provoked wars in other European countries.

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One is going to be France, if you remember in France we are going to have Protestants,

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they are going to call Huguenots, so in the second half of the 16th century we are going

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to fight we are going to see this war this wars between the Catholics and the

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Protestants inside France exactly the same as in Germany France was a Catholic

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Kingdom when Protestantism spread in France there is going to break out a new

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they're going to break out a new war okay so in this war it is famous this

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massacre of the Protestant on San Bartholomew's day in 1572 these are some

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pictures the Catholics are going to start killing all the Huguenots all the

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Protestants in Paris and other regions in France so this fight this war between

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the Protestants and the Catholics are going to lead to this type of massacres

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to this type of conflict it means Catholics killing the different

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Protestants okay do in the day of San Bartolomeo okay in 1572 simply

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it is a massacre the Catholics kill the Protestants this day the day of

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San Bartolomeo in 1572 this conflict is going to end in 1598 when King Henry the

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fourth is going to publish this edict is like a law okay the edict of Nantes

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granting religious freedom to the Protestants so in the end in France what

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we are going to have in the second half of the 16th century is the same

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conflict as in Germany and the same the same solution a law in this case the

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edict of Nantes saying okay you can believe whatever you want okay so the

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idea is the Protestant can live in France and be Protestants and the

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Catholics can live in France and be Catholics ok Henry the fourth the king

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of France in 1598 is going to publish is going to sign this edict of Nantes and

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this edict of Nantes is going to grant the religious freedom it means every

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everyone can believe on the religion they want ok so this is the conflict

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in France, we are going to have, well, this is Henry IV, okay, the king of France, the one that

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is going to sign this edict, and what we are going to have is another problem in the low countries,

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okay, let's check this map, the low countries are these regions, okay, nowadays, or present day,

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this is Belgium, and this is Holland, the Netherlands, sorry, so, this is, are the

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Netherlands and this is Belgium okay so this is Belgium this is the Netherlands so the important

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thing is this territory was part of the territory of Charles V and after him Philip II

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Felipe II is going to control these territories Felipe II was catholic the problem is

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protestantism spread to the north of these territories so these people these

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Protestants are going to fight against Catholicism and against the Spanish

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against Philip II and this conflict is going to last from 1568 till 1648 is the

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80 years war because it's 80 years of conflict okay this conflict is going to

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be a conflict that is going to is going to be a religious conflict between

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Catholicism and Calvinism but also is going to be a political conflict is a

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is the fight of the lower countries nobles against the Spanish rule okay who

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is going to win the Protestants they are going to achieve independence they are

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not going to be under the Spanish control anymore after 1648 okay so the

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Calvinism the Calvinists are going to win okay the main concept well okay

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that's the idea okay so this is the conflict the low countries 80 years war

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80 years of war okay started in 1568 when Felipe segundo is ruling Spain and

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ruling this area these territories the protestants that they are calvinists are going to rise up

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against the catholic the catholics that they are the spanish okay and they are going to fight in

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the north against the south that is is catholic okay in the end in 1648 this region in green is

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going to be for spain and the region in orange is going to be for the protestants and this region

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is going to be independent against this region that is going to remain under Spanish control,

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okay? Este es un territorio que hereda Carlos V cuando empieza a ser rey de España y de todos

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estos territorios, ¿vale? Que lo pasa a su hijo Felipe y Felipe se encuentra con este problema,

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los protestantes, el protestantismo se extiende por el norte de los Países Bajos y comienzan

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una guerra contra los españoles. 80 años de guerra que pierden los españoles en favor de los

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protestantes. After that war, this region is going to be the Netherlands and they are going to be

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independent, while the south is going to remain under Spanish control and is going to remain

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Catholic. After all these religious wars, the main consequence is the emperor and the pope

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became less influential. Of course, the Pope is going to be less influential

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because the reform, the Reformation is going to spread in Europe and also the

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Emperor is going to have less power because he finally accepted

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Protestantism inside Germany. So these are going to be the religious wars. The

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last part we need to see now is this the counter-reformation this last slide okay

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so you need to understand that reformation is going to spread in Europe

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but there are going to be most of the territory most of the European

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territory is going to be Catholic okay what is going to happen in this Catholic

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territories they are going to develop their own religious movement and this

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religious movement is called counter-reformation because is a reaction

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against the Reformation is a reaction against Lutheranism and Calvinism and

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Anglicanism all this type of reform reformation religions okay or reform

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religions so the counter-reformation was a religious intellectual and political

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movement but led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant against the

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Protestant Reformation okay so the idea is the Catholic Church is going to be

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criticized by Luther and Luther is going to create the Reformation movement that

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is a religious movement against or criticizing sorry the Catholic Church so

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the Catholic Church is going to develop its own religious intellectual and

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political movement called counter-reformation saying okay let's see

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what what we need to change and how can we protect the Catholic Church how can

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we protect the Pope okay so they are going to create this they are going to

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meet they are going to gather in the Council of Trent Concilio de Trento

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Trent is in Italy so in the Council of Trent the church the Catholic Church is

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going to evaluate the situation of the Catholic Church and they are going to

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start they are going to start taking some measures in order to make the

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Catholic Church better. It means la iglesia católica sabe que tiene unos

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problemas, que a Lutero no le falta parte de razón y por tanto se reúnen en el

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concilio de Trento para tratar de solucionar los problemas de la iglesia y

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hacer que la iglesia católica pueda ser aceptable para todos los católicos

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incluidos los reformistas, los reformadores. ¿Vale? So the answer, the

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religious and political answer of the Catholic Church is to create to to

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summon the Council of Trent in order to solve the problems of the church those

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problems that Luther has pointed out why they are going to summon this Council of

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Trent because they want to make the Catholic Church attractive to all the

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Catholics okay they want the Catholic they want the Catholic Church not to

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have problems and to make it attractive to the other Catholics it means they

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want to fight against reformation and said okay we the Catholic Church are

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going to take the measures needed in order to make the Catholic Church the

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best church ever and try to avoid reformation okay this movement this

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This Catholic movement is called Counter-Reformation.

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So let's see the Council of Trent.

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The Council is going to meet from 1545 till 1563 and they want to reform the Catholic

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Church in three main areas.

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So let's see which areas the Catholic Church is going to be reformed by the Council of

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Trent.

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The first one is a clarification of their teachings.

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It means they are going to make some point clear and they are going to say all the dogmas

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and principles criticized by the Protestants are going to be rejected.

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They are going to be maintained.

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It means, for example, the Catholic Church is going to say the priest is necessary in

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order to interpret the Bible to the people, to the Catholics.

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Second, they are going to recognize the Pope as the highest authority in the Church.

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So remember Luther, Martin Luther criticized the priest, he said we do not need a priest,

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we do not need someone to interpret the Bible for us, second he was criticizing the Pope,

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the Pope as the head of the church, the Pope as the representative of God on earth, Luther

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is saying ok, me individually if I read the Bible I will be independent and I will talk

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to God directly, I do not need the Pope as representative of God on earth, I will be

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independent, ok?

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The Catholics can read the Bible, the Catholics can interpret the Bible on their own, so they

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can be independent, ok?

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They do not need the priest, they do not need the Pope in order to talk to God, in order

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to understand and interpret the Bible, but Catholicism in this Council of Trent is going

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to say you are wrong luther the priest is the priests are needed and the pope is necessary

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so in the catholic church okay in the catholic areas regions kingdoms the priests are going to

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be essential and the pope is going to be essential too okay while in the reformed territories

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in the lutheran territories or calvinist territories the pope has no power and the

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priests are not needed make sense the second the second area that is going to be reformed

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is an internal reform they are going to persecute a corruption they are going to say okay luther is

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right in this way we need to persecute corruption of the church for example the bishops are going to

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be strictly controlled they cannot have babies they cannot have these relations with women etc

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so the bishops are going to be strictly controlled second they are going it is going to be banished

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or prohibited to sell indulgences okay they are going to end with this business okay so the

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council of trent is saying okay luther you are right the bishops must be controlled and they

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are going to be controlled second luther you are right the sale of indulgences is not is not good

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we need to prohibit it okay finally we are going to train the priest the priests are going to know

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how to read how to write they are not how to interpret correctly the bible and they are going

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to be able to to do what they are supposed to do as priests it means they are going to follow the

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dogma and they are going to follow the catholic rules so the council of trent is going to say

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Okay, you are wrong Luther regarding to this matter, regarding to the priest and the Pope, but you are right with this problem of corruption and we are going to solve this problem.

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And also the Council of Trent is going to create this religious order called Jesuits, in Spanish, Jesuitas, ¿vale?

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In Spanish is La Sociedad de Jesús, La Compañía de Jesús, sorry, and in English is The Society of Jesus.

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This religious order is going to spread the ideas of the Council of Trent, it means the

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ideas of the Counter-Reformation.

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So in Europe we are going to have the Protestants controlling some countries and the Catholics

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controlling other countries.

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In the regions controlled by the Protestants they are not going to have priests, they are

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not going to follow the Pope, and they are going to follow their own dogmas, while in

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the catholic regions what they are going to follow is the the laws or the rules established by the

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council of trent and this council of trent is going to create this religious order the jesuits

350
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in order to spread the teachings of this counter-reformation it means to spread the idea

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of we need the priest in order to interpret the bible and we need the pope as the highest authority

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in the in the church okay and also to say the bishops are going to be

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controlled cells of the indulgences are going to be prohibited and the priest

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must be trained and they are going to be trained okay this is the symbol the sign

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of the Jesuits of the Society of Jesus you have here also the symbol okay and

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these are Jesuits they are going to defend the Catholic Church and they are

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going to defend the counter-reformation finally what the Council of Trent is

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going to do is repress the Protestantism they are going to fight against

359
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Protestantism okay so they are going to find Protestantism as heretic and they

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are going to use the Inquisition to persecute Protestantism okay so the last

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change is to prosecute to prosecute protestantism to use the inquisition to

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persecute them and to end with protestantism okay for example here you

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have philip ii and his son charles that they are looking to this fire

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this fire is protestants that they are going to be

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killed they are going to be burned out because they are protestants

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and the current reformation establishes the repression

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of these protestants in the catholic regions okay this is the reason why philip the second

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is going to fight against the lower countries rebellion okay that they were calvinist okay

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you remember we were talking about this conflict okay i will go back and see okay this conflict

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the lower countries conflict between the protestants and the catholics okay is in 1568

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remember the the Council of Trent has ended in 1563 so Philip the second is

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going to fight against these Protestants in the low countries using his army so

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in Spain he is going to burn out different Protestants so he's going to

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kill Protestants burning them alive okay so the consequence is Catholicism is

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00:39:07,730 --> 00:39:13,250
going to be maintained in the southern and part of Central Europe countries so

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these regions in green are going to be the Catholic countries and these regions

377
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in yellow pink and red are going to be the Protestant regions so as you can see

378
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there is a religious problem in Europe we have the Catholic countries against

379
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the Protestant countries and here is the conflict the 80 years wars that is going

380
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to fight that is going to start Philip the second okay this is a territory of

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Philip of Felipe okay the Protestants are going to rise up against Philip and

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Philip in Spain is going to say okay let's fight against them using our army

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let's fight against them because they are heretic as the Council of Trent has established

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so he is going to fight using his army against these people

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and finally he is going to lose the battle, he is going to lose the war

386
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so this is all related with the religious wars and the counter-reformation

387
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to sum up what we have is this civil war in Germany in the beginning

388
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fighting Protestants and Catholics. Charles V finally is going to end with

389
00:40:31,469 --> 00:40:36,309
the conflict letting the Protestant nobles to be Protestant to not to follow

390
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the Pope not to be Catholic and in other countries like France or the Low

391
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Countries is going to start also a conflict between the Catholics and the

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Protestants. The answer to Protestantism by the Catholic Church is

393
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is called Counter-Reformation, and they are going to accept to change some things, some

394
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issues that Luther pointed out, but they are not going to change others, like the priests,

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that they are going to be essential to interpret the Bible, or the Pope, that is going to be

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the highest authority in the Catholic Church.

397
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Also the Counter-Reformation is going to use the Jesuits, this religious order, to spread

398
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the ideas of the counter-reformation and finally and finally they are going to

399
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establish that they must fight against Protestantism it means in those countries

400
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that they the Catholicism is the most important religion Protestantism has no

401
00:41:41,449 --> 00:41:47,150
power so they need to fight against Protestantism they are going to fund it

402
00:41:47,150 --> 00:41:53,210
heretic and they are going to persecute it using the Inquisition okay this

403
00:41:53,210 --> 00:41:58,610
religious conflict it means the fight between Catholicism in one side and

404
00:41:58,610 --> 00:42:04,070
Protestantism in the other is going to be the basis for one of the most

405
00:42:04,070 --> 00:42:10,469
important wars the 30 year wars in the 17th century we are talking about the

406
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16th century so the next century we are going to have a huge war called 30 years

407
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war and it's going to be against a religious war but it's going to involve

408
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all the European countries in one side we are going to have the Catholic

409
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countries and in the other side we are going to have the Protestant countries