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The Museum of Roman Culture in Rome hosted an exhibition

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that explored one of the most important themes of ancient Rome,

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the inventive and innovative use of technology,

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a strategic relevance for the development of the Empire.

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The exhibition pointed out that technology allowed Romans

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furnish a large populous town with its wide city walls,

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private and religious architectures,

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jesentian places, thermal baths,

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infrastructures for a large population

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that numbered a million inhabitants only in Rome

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during the time of the Empire.

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Therefore, this model was reproduced and applied

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throughout the vast Empire

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with its communicating 120,000 kilometres of roads.

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Initially, it was essential to comply with two basic actions, to calculate the distance

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and to measure the time.

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In the first case, there is an example of the odometer, a chariot with a large wheel

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of known circumference in a small frame.

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When it was pushed along the ground by hand, it automatically dropped a small pebble into

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container at each revolution giving a measure of the distance traveled to

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measure the time the Romans used different instruments during the day

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they used the sundial in which case the Sun casts a shadow from its style also

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known as a gnomon a thin rod or sharp straight edge on a flat surface marked

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with lines indicating the hours of the day in the city of Rome the sundial

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industry was well-developed producing portable sundials as well as those for

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domestic use

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in the absence of the Sun they had the amphoric water clock with an ingenious

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mechanism of vessels the last one with a graduate scale there were many

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measuring instruments including the basic compass and the plumb line

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one of the most important fields of application was land surveying for

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example plotting out land was carried out thanks to an instrument called a

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groma the basic surveying instrument of the Roman world which allowed the

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measurement of the different contours of the ground

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other examples were the abacus to count the crow robotus a kind of water level

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which found the correct angle of the slope the crane used in building and civil engineering

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quite often of huge dimensions the turntable and the forerunner of the ball bearing

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tools to set up monumental buildings

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well the arch as the module that lightens the construction without damaging the resistance

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the arch has been used to build aqueducts to provide water to the towns throughout a

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capillary delivery system of lead pipes controlled by bronze taps and valves another group of

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instruments involving water, the Archimedes screw, the Noria, the watermill, the Vitruvius

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tympanum. There were an assortment of tools serving a range of handicrafts, manufacturing

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and farming. For example, the wheeled plough, a great invention of the Roman people, and

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clay lathe the communication technology with writing on papyri or with writing

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cabinets propaganda on coins and statuary all kinds of communications

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were served by a network of roads and sea routes very important for the Romans

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was the military technology tools like battering rams to break into the city

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walls and the siege tower to besiege the towns.

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On the battleships, the boarding device is known as a corvus, was used to board the enemy's

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ships and moving foot bridges so that the soldiers could attack the enemy.

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For the civil fleet with routes that reached all the shores of the Mediterranean as far

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as the Adriatic Ocean and out to the north of Europe.

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On the Tiber, goods were moved by boats, pulled along by oxen.

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Therefore, tools and technology of all kinds were invented and used in the empire that

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founded the history of the Western world.