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The Renaissance. The Renaissance marked the artistic and cultural transition

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from the Middle Ages to the modern period. It was rooted in humanism, a

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European current of thought that placed the human being at the center of the

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universe but without losing the idea of God. Notable humanist thinkers include

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Erasmus of Rotterdam, Machiavelli and Thomas More. The Renaissance brought

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great advances in science, technology and economics. It was a time of great

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voyages of exploration and geographic discoveries. Sciences, art and philosophy

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expanded with ease thanks to printing and engraving. The Renaissance looked back

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to the classical world of Greece and Rome rather than the medieval world. It

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emerged in Florence, Italy and developed over the 15th and 16th centuries with

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artists such as Fra Angelico, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. In Spain

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the Renaissance coincided with the reigns of the Catholic

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monarchs Charles V and Philip II. The Catholic monarchs commissioned the

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architect Bramante to erect the temple of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome. In

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Spain, Renaissance architecture developed around three styles. The

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plataresque is uniquely Spanish, highly decorative and recalls the meticulous

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work of silversmiths on metal. Examples are the Monterey Palace in

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Salamanca, the work of the renowned architect Rodrigo Gil de Ontanion, the

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façade of the University of Salamanca and the hospital of the Catholic monarchs

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in Santiago de Compostela built by Enrique Egas. Purism takes on an Italian

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style of architecture. It can be seen in the palace of Charles V inside the

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Alhambra in Granada. Ubeda and Baeza in Jaén are symbols of this style with

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examples such as the Church of the Saviour by the architect Diego de Siloé and the hospital

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of Santiago commissioned to Andrés de Vandelvira. Also noteworthy are the Baeza Cathedral and

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the Granada Cathedral. The Arrarian style reflects the sobriety,

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the centralist disposition and the religious depth of Philip II. The monastery of El Escorial

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is the utmost example of this. Built by François de Montaigne, it is considered one of the

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most beautiful palaces in the world. It was built in the 12th century and was built in

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the 12th century. It was built in the 12th century and was built in the 12th century.

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It was built in the 12th century by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera. Other

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noteworthy examples include Madrid's Plaza Mayor, the Valladolid Cathedral, the Monastery

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of Ucles, the Ducal Palace of Lerma and the Royal College of Salamanca.

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In painting, the Spanish Renaissance highlights figures such as El Greco, Pedro Berruguete,

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Titian, painter of the court of Charles V, and Alonso Sánchez Coelho, chamber painter

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for Philip II.