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Okay, so today we are going to start with the Nazism in Germany. It means the Nazi regime. We are going to see how Hitler is going to reach power. If you remember in the last video, what we studied was fascism in Italy. Remember, fascism in Italy was established in 1922.

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Mussolini started create or start to create this specific authoritarian regime in 1922 so what we

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are going to see is that this Nazi regime is going to be start to be built in 1933 it means

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eleven years after Mussolini took power okay so before we study or we start explaining how Hitler

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is going to reach power what we need to see is what is going on in Germany after

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the war okay so first thing you need to remember is in 1871 we saw or we studied

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how Germany is going to be unified okay remember Bismarck Bismarck signing that

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treaty in with French with France sorry Germany obtaining Alsace and Lorraine

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and Germany creating the second Empire okay the Bismarck created the second

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Empire and this one was ruling Germany along with an emperor this emperor is

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going to be a Guillermo segundo osea Guillermo primero sorry and if you

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remember in 1890 after the first world war before the first world war what we

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are going to have is Guillermo I, Guillermo I is going to die and is going to be succeeded

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by Guillermo II, so Guillermo II is going to reach power or is going to obtain power

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or control Germany in 1890 and Bismarck is going to resign, remember Bismarck wasn't

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in favor of Guillermo II's policy, foreign policy and Guillermo II was looking for the

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the war, Guillermo II was looking for defeating Great Britain and controlling Europe.

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So the idea is Guillermo II is going to be defeated in the First World War, during the

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First World War Germany, or after the First World War Germany is going to be defeated,

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so Germany is not going to be anymore an empire, Germany is going to turn into a republic.

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this is the moment where we are now in the post-war Germany we are in a

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republic this Republic is going to be called the Weimar Republic okay and it's

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going to be called Weimar Republic because Weimar is going to be now the

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capital city of the new state the new Republic okay so that's the idea in

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1918 at the end of 1918 after Germany was defeated in the First World War

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Guillermo Segundo is going to resign Guillermo Segundo is going to go into

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exile to the Netherlands and in Germany what is going to be established is a

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Republic okay it's going to be the Weimar Republic Weimar is the name of a

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city and it's going to be the capital city of this new Germany of this new

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Republic okay so this Weimar Republic is going to be founded in that moment

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and it's going to be a constitutional and democratic system if you remember

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the second Empire the second German Empire is going to have some liberal

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institutions some liberal characteristics but this my my Republic

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is not going to be is not going to only have some liberal characteristics lies

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to have a constitution is going to be a democratic system and that's the

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thing what we have is a republic that is going to be democratic okay for the

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first time in his history and its history Germany is going to be a

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republic and it's going to be a democratic Republic okay so the idea is

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the Weimar Republic born in 1918 at the end of 1918 is going to be a

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constitutional democratic system and the two parties that they are going to

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control this Republic are going to be the socialists it means social

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democratic party the social democratic party it means it's like nowadays the

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PSOE in Spain in Spain and the Christian Democrats the Christian

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Democrats are conservative but they because they are Catholic but they are a

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Catholic in a social way it means they truly believe in Jesus Christ teachings

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it means they believe that a wealthy or the richness should be spread among the

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people that there there must not be poverty okay and they are going to be

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Democrats so they are going to support this democratic system so it means if

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they are socialists is because they want to make to improve the working and

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living conditions of the workers and the peasants and the Christian Democrats too

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They want also to improve the social and working and living conditions of the workers and the peasants

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So both of them are going to support this republic, the Weimar Republic

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And both of them are going to support this constitutional democratic system

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So it's the first democracy in Germany

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The first democratic system in Germany in its history

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The problem of this Weimar Republic is that it's going to be weak, okay?

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Passerdevil, okay? It's weak

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Why is it going to be weak?

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Because inside Germany we are going to have two different groups of people

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Two different parties that they are going to fight to end with this republic

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Because these two parties do not support a constitution and do not support democracy

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So, these two parties are going to support a different type of state, ok?

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The first one is the communist party, ok?

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The communist party that is going to be called Spartacist, ok?

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We can see, well, this is Germany, after the war, if you check Alsace and Lorraine is not

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part anymore of Germany, Alsace and Lorraine are part of France now, and this territory

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has been lost in favor of a new country, Poland.

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Later on we will check two maps, the map before the war and the map after the war, the European

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map before the war and after the war, so you'll check that this territory that now is Poland

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after the war, it used to be Russian territory, but if you remember the Brest-Litovsk Treaty

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made these territories to be independent, ok?

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So they created this new country after the war, that is going to be Poland, and Poland

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is going to acquire part of the German territory, and is going to divide these two territories,

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the Eastern Prussia with the rest of Prussia, ok?

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So what I was saying is this Weimar Republic is going to have two main opponents, and they

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are going to be the communists and the nazis so the communists are going to be the opponents

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from the left wing it's a left-wing party in a party of izquierdas no this communist party that

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is going to is going to be called the spartacist movement spartacist is just the name that the

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communists are going to have in germany that's it do not think about a different thing so the

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the spartacist movement is the communist movement in germany okay why this communist uprising or

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why this communist want to end with this democratic system because they want to carry out a revolution

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like the russian revolution if you remember a year before it means in 1917 a year before this

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Weimar Republic was created the Russians the communists the Bolsheviks carry out a revolution

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in Russia and they and they created a communist state so that's what this espartacist or communist

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movement in Germany want they want to carry out a revolution and end with the Weimar Republic

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why because they do not support liberal ideas constitution they do not support democracy

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What they want is a communist country

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They want a communist state in order to carry out the communist revolution

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And establish the communist society

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They do not want democracy, they do not want a constitution

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What they want is to reach power, to carry out the revolution

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And then force the situation in order to create the communist society

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okay this revolution is going to be carried out in 1919 in january 1919 it means like one almost

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two months after this weimar republic was born it means since the very beginning the weimar republic

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is going to have problems because not everyone in germany is supporting this republic is supporting

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this democratic system not everyone is supporting this democratic system we have two main parties

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the Socialist Democratic and Christian Democrats they are going to support

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this Republic but the Communists or the Spartacists choose the the word you

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prefer they are not going to support this Republic okay remember Spartacist

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means communist okay in Germany so they are going to carry out this revolution

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in 1919 they are not going to succeed they are going to be defeated okay the

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other attempt in order to end with the republic is going to came from the

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extreme right and it's going to came from the Nazi party these Nazis along

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with the army part of the army it means part of the lecitho II el partido nazi

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are going to carry out the Munich push what is the Munich push is is a

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a military coup carried out in this city, in Munich, ok?

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So they carried out this military coup in Munich.

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When they are going to carry out this military coup?

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In 1923, it means four years after the communist attempt to end with the Weimar Republic.

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So what you can see is in the five first years of life of the Weimar Republic, this Weimar

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Republic is going to face a communist revolution in 1919 and a military coup

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from a led by the extreme right in Munich in 1923 okay both both attempts

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to end with the Weimar Republic are going to fail okay both attempts are

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going to fail so let's check this this is Rosa Luxemburgo and he is Karl

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Liebknecht okay so Rosa Luxemburgo and Karl Liebknecht both are communist both

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are the leaders of the Spartacist movement both are going to carry out

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this revolution in 1919 okay these two persons okay are going to let the

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Communist Party in order to end with the Weimar Republic and carry out a

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communist revolution in Germany but they are going to fail okay so this is for

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example the different communists they have different weapons they have what

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this is not coming sorry this are this is the army but they are fighting the

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communists in on the streets as you can see so this revolution is going to lead

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to barricades and it's going to lead to a fight between the army and the

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communists okay as you can see here are the people injured people they are

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fighting in the streets in Germany in all Germany looking for this revolution

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to succeed but the communists are going to fail okay this attempt this

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communist revolution is going to be carried out in 1919 but is going to fail

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the other one is the Munich push this military coup carried out by the Nazis

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and is going to be carried out in 1923 but is going to fail too so these are

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some images of the Nazis when they started to try to take the streets in

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Munich in order to to carry out this military coup but they are going to fail

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okay the situation in Germany wasn't good you see these two political

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movements against this constitutional democratic republic but the situation is

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not going to be good because of other reasons remember the the first world war

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was lost by Germany so Germany was one of the countries that lose the war so

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this situation is not going to be positive for the country so the idea is

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this Treaty of Versailles is going to be negative for most of the population in

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Germany why is going to be negative for the Germans okay is going to be

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considered humiliating okay lo consider humiliation para Alemania why first

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because this Treaty of Versailles is going to establish that Germany is

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guilty it means Germany is the responsible of the war they are going to

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say okay you Germany are the responsible for this war okay so you are guilty this

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is the first main idea Germany is guilty Germany is responsible for the First

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World War second as Germany is guilty there are going to be high economic

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reparations it means Germany needs to pay a lot of money to the victorious

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countries why Germany needs to pay money to the victorious countries because

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these victorious countries are saying okay we were forced to fight in the war

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because Germany wanted the war we need to rebuild our countries so you Germany

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as responsible are going to pay to us in order to rebuild our countries okay so

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that's the idea it's going to be considered humiliating because they are

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to establish that germany is guilty germany is the responsible for the first world war

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second germany is going to pay reparations to these victorious countries but they are

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is going to pay a lot of money a lot okay it's going to be forced germany is going to be forced

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to reduce its army it means they are going to establish that they can have only 100 000 soldiers

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no more okay only 100 000 soldiers and they are going to feel that they have been defeated in the

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war so that's what they are going to consider or also something negative okay so this treaty

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of versailles is going to say you are guilty responsible for everything you are going to pay

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for it you are going to give us money in order to rebuild our countries you are not going to have a

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strong army you are going to have just 100 000 soldiers and finally you have been defeated so

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assume that you lost the war okay so that's why they are going to consider the treaty overseas

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overseas humiliating okay and this is going to create unrest among people and rest means

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that the people are angry, that the people are unhappy, the word is

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discontent, ok? so unrest among people is going to spread due to this Treaty of

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Versailles but remember this Treaty of Versailles also means lost part of the

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territory ok Alsace and Lorraine remember this territory Alsace and Lorraine is

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now French and it's going to lose this territory remember the Russian Empire

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had a frontier with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the First

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World War Germany is going to be divided in two pieces is going to lose Alsace and Lorraine

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all these territories that used to be Russian are going to be new

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countries okay Poland is a new country and they are going to be created due to

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to the brest-litovsk treaty remember that brest-litovsk treaty meant that these territories

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was supposed to be were supposed to be german but after the first world war when germany was

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defeated they are going to be independent so germany is going to lose the war is going to

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need to pay money to the other countries to the victorious countries and is going to lose alsace

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and lorraine and is going to lose these territories that they are now polish okay

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but the other part is that Germany after the first world war is going to suffer an economic crisis why

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Germany is going to suffer an economic crisis due to the consequences of the first world war it means

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the industrial production is going to decrease the agricultural production is going to decrease there

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are going to be factories destroyed a demographic crisis because Germany has lot has lost a lot of

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human lives okay human beings soldiers and civil people civilians were killed

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during the First World War so they are going to suffer this economic crisis

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that means poverty and unemployment if the production the industrial production

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and the agricultural production decrease it means unemployment to increase okay

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also they are going to suffer inflection that is going to lead to the

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depreciation of the mark the mark is the name of the coin okay it's like the euro

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nowadays okay but it's el marco in Spanish el marco el marco aleman okay

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is the name of the coin in Germany the mark so the idea is due to this economic

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crisis poverty is going to spread and unemployment is going to increase okay

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they are producing less so unemployment is going to increase also if the

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production decreases if we think of the law of the offer of demand if we have

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less offer but more demand what we are going to see is how the prices are going

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to increase okay so that is going to create an inflection is movement okay

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inflection is going to appear and this inflection is going to lead to

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depreciation of the mark it means to make the mark a less valuable okay like

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idea is the inflection is a depreciation of the frame that is to say that the frame loses

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value the boat loses power loses value what does it mean that before with a frame you buy a

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bread bar now with a frame you do not buy absolutely anything you will need 100 frames to buy

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a bread bar because because the frame is worth much less than it used to be worth so that's why we can

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see this type of images you see this basket with bills basket with bills so

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this person this woman is going to buy a lettuce in order to buy the lettuce what

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she needs is to pay a lot of marks imagine the euro is depreciated and now

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in order to pay for the for the bread you are not going to pay 60 cents you

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are going to pay ten euros so imagine if the bread is a piece of bread is ten

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euros imagine how much could be a television okay you need to pay like

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ten thousand euros is just because the euro would be depreciated it means the

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euro is not going to have the same value is going to have less value than before

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so the idea is thank you to the inflection the people needs to carry out

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a lot of money because the mark is going to be depreciated, that is, the mark is depreciated, it

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is worth much less than what it was worth before, therefore if I want to buy a lettuce I have to pay a

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lot, that's why I have so many bills, because the bill itself, a bill, is not worth practically

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anything, I can't buy practically anything, I have to pay with a large amount of bills.

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So that's the economic crisis, poverty and unemployment and inflation led to the depreciation of the mark.

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what else you see after 1929 we are going to talk about the crisis right

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away so you what you are going to see is the wages are going to decrease okay and

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money research is going to decrease our unemployment is going to increase a lot

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okay almost 6 million people are going to be unemployed in 19 between 1932-1933

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remember 1933 is the moment where Hitler is going to reach power and as you see

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this is the Nazi regime before the Second World War you see how

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unemployment is going to decrease decrease decrease decrease so the policy

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the economic policy of Hitler is going to be effective is going to make

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unemployment to decrease really fast okay in Germany so what we are going to

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see is finally the 1929 crisis okay is going to provoke or is going to cause

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many banks to go to bankrupt like in the US remember we have a study the 1929

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crisis so now what we are going to see is this crisis is going to affect

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Germany so banks are going to go to bankrupt factories are going to close so

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unemployment and social unrest is going to increase remember how unemployment is

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going to increase from 1929 till 1933 okay from less than 500,000 almost to 6

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million people okay so in just four years we are going to see how this

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unemployment is going to increase really fast so as you can understand before

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before Hitler reached power what we have is a weak Republic a weak Democratic

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Republic with two main parties okay with an attempt of the left wing of the

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Communists in 1919 to control the country and end with the

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Republic and an attempt of the extreme right in 1923 to end with the Republic

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they couldn't reach or they couldn't reach their goals they couldn't

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succeed okay but the unrest among people is going to spread due to the Treaty of

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overseas thanks to these characteristics and the economic crisis

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and the most important one is going to be the economic crisis not after the

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war that is this one but the crisis of 1929 that is going to make unemployment

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to increase really fast and is going to make the wages salaries to decrease

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really fast too okay so after this is the moment when Adolf Hitler is going to

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reach power. So let's see how Hitler is going to reach power. The third thing you

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need to know is Adolf Hitler is going to join the Nazi Party, the National

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Socialist Workers Party of Germany. He is going to

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join it in 1920 but he is going to be the leader by 1921. Remember Hitler is

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from Austria, Hitler is going to participate in the First World War and

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And his experience in the First World War is going to change him, okay?

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It's going to make him think in a different way, okay?

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The second thing you need to know is when we talk about the Nazi Party is the Nationalist and Socialist Party.

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It means they have a strong nationalist feeling and socialist feeling, not exactly.

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The idea is they are going to be nationalists and they are going to be socialists only for Germany.

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for German people it means they are going to be nationalist and what they want is

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German to be the first it means we do not want a democracy we want only Germans to vote

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if we want a votation system but they want an authoritarian system so what they want is

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nationalism above everything it means this party is really close to the Italian fascism

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ideology they want first an authoritarian regime second what they

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have is a strong nationalist feeling okay and third related with socialism it

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means they want the workers to have better conditions they want the the

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workers to have it to have better working conditions but not all the

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workers only the German workers okay that's why nationalism is the most

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important part of this party or of this ideology so the idea is Adolf Hitler is

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going to join this party in 1920 and he's going to became the leader of this

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party really fast in 1921 and this party is going to look at the fascism movement

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in Italy so they are going to the ideology is going to be based on

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nationalism okay and not exactly socialism they are going to take from

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socialism the idea of a better working conditions and better life conditions

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for the workers okay but only the German workers that why is nationalist national

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socialist workers party of German so here we have a other Hitler okay this is

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going to be the leader he is going to be the leader of the Nazi party in 1921 and

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this party is going to create really soon this militias okay it means people

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that they are civilians but they are going to have weapons they are going to

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have guns they are going to have machine guns why because they are going to

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oppose violently the Republic remember the Munich push okay in 1923 this

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military coup carried out by the nazis and part of the army so it's a violent opposition against

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the republic they do not want this democratic republic what they want is an authoritarian

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regime like the mussolini one a nationalist regime and to give better life conditions and

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working conditions to the german workers only to the german workers because the germans go first

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Not the people that they are not Germans but they live in Germany

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So which is going to be the name of these militias?

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They are going to create two main groups

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The SA, the assault troops

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This is the translation from these two words in German

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And the SS, the protection squadron

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So these two groups are going to be militias

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these two groups are going to use weapons they are going to use guns to fight who the Jews the

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Communists and the Democrats okay let's start with the Democrats they do not believe in democracy

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they believe in an authoritarian regime so what they do not want is a democracy so that's why

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they are going to fight against who the socialists and they are going to fight against the the

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christian democrats okay so they are going to fight using violence against the socialists and

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the christian democrats so they are going to be against democracy also this sa or sa and ss are

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these militias are going to be created to fight against the jews and you can ask me why they want

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to fight against the jews why the jews are not all the people okay they are going to fight against

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the jews because the jews are supposed to be most of them they are supposed to be rich they are

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going to be related to to liberal professions like bankers okay so what they are going to say

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is they are going to blame the jews for the crisis of 1929 in spanish la idea es se identifica el

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judio con una serie de trabajos como prestamista banquero es decir trabajos en los que se hace

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dinero moviendo dinero la idea es la crisis de 1929 si os acordáis tiene que ver con bancos

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y tiene que ver con tiene que ver con préstamos bancos y especulación es decir mover dinero y

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ganar dinero simplemente moviendo dinero que dicen los nazis la crisis del 29 es provocada por los

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judíos que son los que se dedican a eso por tanto estamos en contra de los judíos understood so they

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are going to be against the Jews because of this because they are going to be

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related with this type of professions to these jobs like speculation or bankers

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okay so the idea is they are going to be against them because they are supposed

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to be provoke or they are responsible for the crisis of 1929 they are going to

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be against democracy because they want an authoritarian regime and they are

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also against communism because they feel that the communists are going to they

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want to spread the ideology through the world what is true so they feel that

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these communism that is against nationalism because communism is based

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on internationalism like all the workers together they are going to have the same

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working conditions the better a better working conditions etc so that's against

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nationalism that's against to feel German or to feel Spanish or to feel

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french so they are going to be against communism so in fact or to sum up the nazis are against the

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jews because they are responsible for them of the crisis of 1929 against the communists because

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they see that russia and the communist revolution is a threat to nationalism so that's why they

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created this party mixing nationalism are part of socialism it means to give a better working

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condition and life condition only for the Germans that's why they are nationalism and against

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democracy against the democrats because they want an authoritarian regime they feel only through an

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authoritarian regime they can control the situation and they can fight against the Jews and the

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So here are the SA and here are the SS.

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As you can see, young people both are dressing as soldiers, they were civilians in the beginning,

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but they were dressed up as soldiers.

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So it's because they remember the First World War, they remember what is to fight together,

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So they created an idea of manhood, means masculinidad, that means we are soldiers,

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we fight one along with the other and we share this experience in the trenches during the

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First World War.

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So they are going to create this idea of the to be a man means to be a soldier, to be strong,

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to fight for your country, to be nationalist, ok?

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So that's the idea of the SA, that's the idea of the SS, these are the two groups, the two

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militias that they are going to be created by the Nazi party and they are going to fight

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against the Jews, the Communists and the Democrats.

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The next step is, well, we have the flag, to remember that it's red with the swastika

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in the middle, it's really powerful.

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The colors, the mix of the colors and the symbols, it's really powerful.

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And another important thing is the exactly ideology of Hitler, the main ideas of this

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Nazi party.

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We have talked about nationalism, we have talked about better working conditions and

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living conditions for the workers, we have talked that they are against the Jews and

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the Communists and the democracy, and Mein Kampf.

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What is Mein Kampf?

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Mein Kampf is a book it's a book it means mi lucha in Spanish ok this the Mein Kampf

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is the book wrote by Hitler this is the book wrote by Hitler Hitler is the author this

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00:33:54,829 --> 00:34:06,109
is the title Mein Kampf ok so in this book Hitler is going to gather all his ideas all

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00:34:06,109 --> 00:34:13,309
his ideology, ok? His ideology, Hitler's ideology, Nazi's ideology, Nazi ideology is going to be here

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in this book and it's going to be called Mein Kampf means Milutza, it means the Hitler's fight,

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ok? So we are going to see these main ideas quickly, ok? First two ideas, anti-semitism,

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It means to be against the Jews, okay?

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So the Jews are going to be the enemies of Germany.

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The Jews, remember the Star of David that is related with the Jew people, okay?

348
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So this is the Nazi propaganda.

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In this first picture, what you see is a Jew person.

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You see how he is dressed up.

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He's wealthy.

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He has money.

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He's a Jew.

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You see the big nose.

355
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They are going to relate the Jews with this big nose, with this dark hair, and also this Jew is going to be supported or supporting the communist regime and the capitalists and democracies in the world.

356
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Okay, so the Jews are the enemy, the Jews are in favor of the enemies of Germany, the Jews are wealthy, the Jews are the ones that provoke the crisis of 1929, so the Jews are plotting against us, okay?

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You can see the eye. The eye is suspicious, okay? This Jew is behind these curtains that are the flags of these countries. So, to be plotting means conspirando. So, this Jew, as you can see in this propaganda, is conspiring, is plotting against Germany, okay?

358
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The other one is this Jew that is ugly, he has this pointy ears, remember the long, the big nose, this face that is really long and is with these colors that they make them uglier.

359
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okay so the idea is they are ugly they are something negative if you check this this image

360
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you can see that it's not giving you a positive feelings it's giving you just negative feelings

361
00:36:30,550 --> 00:36:36,789
okay in this way in a political way in this way in an ethnic way okay because they are criticizing

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just the physiognomic characteristics right they are criticizing the characteristics of the face

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of a jew in this case is the political and economic condition the social and economic

364
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condition and the political side they are in favor of the enemies of germany okay

365
00:36:59,050 --> 00:37:04,969
so these are the main ideas of the main camp antithesis antisemitism antisemitism and also

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the superiority of the arian race what is the arian race the arian race means

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Blonde people that is blonde and people that is white skin white or light skin and they are going to be half light

368
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Color eyes, it means they are going to be blue eyes or green eyes

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For example, this is the German family. This is the Aryan race. This is the Aryan family

370
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Okay, everyone is blonde

371
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Everyone has light color on his or her eyes. Okay

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you see here also the father protecting the family the boys are going to inherit the father

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okay remember and the mother is taking care of the baby and the sister that is a little girl

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is also taking care of the of the of the baby so it means the woman are going to take care of the

375
00:38:00,010 --> 00:38:07,130
babies the woman are going to be protected and controlled by the men and as you can see here is

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the father and here are the sons the sons that they are going to inherit the father's uh the

377
00:38:13,650 --> 00:38:20,929
father's role okay you have another one okay all of them they are going to be white they are going

378
00:38:20,929 --> 00:38:27,690
they are going to be light skin color they are going to be blonde they are going to have a green

379
00:38:27,690 --> 00:38:34,369
or blue eyes okay so this is the Aryan race okay this is the race that is

380
00:38:34,369 --> 00:38:41,309
supposed to be superior and this is the German race okay so they are going to be

381
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against a communist they are going to be against Jews they are going to be

382
00:38:46,409 --> 00:38:50,610
against Democrats they are going to be nationalists they are going to want the

383
00:38:50,610 --> 00:38:55,570
German workers to have better life and working conditions but they are also

384
00:38:55,570 --> 00:39:00,489
believe on this superior race that is the Aryan race okay because they is the

385
00:39:00,489 --> 00:39:05,150
German race also what they want is to stop the revolution of course to stop

386
00:39:05,150 --> 00:39:11,510
the communist revolution like fascism and they are going to be against the

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00:39:11,510 --> 00:39:16,750
parliamentary democracy they are going to feel that parliamentary democracy has

388
00:39:16,750 --> 00:39:23,170
no value that it is not the best political system the best political

389
00:39:23,170 --> 00:39:28,389
system is an authoritarian regime an authoritarian dictatorship like the

390
00:39:28,389 --> 00:39:35,409
fascist dictatorship in Italy they are looking at Italy okay as the Hitler is

391
00:39:35,409 --> 00:39:39,889
going to look at Mussolini and he wants to imitate in the beginning Mussolini

392
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but he is going to create his own ideology because this Aryan race

393
00:39:44,170 --> 00:39:50,789
Mussolini is not supporting this idea of Aryan race only Hitler and Nazi the

394
00:39:50,789 --> 00:39:58,719
nazi party supporting this idea and also anti-semitism so the idea is hitler is going

395
00:39:58,719 --> 00:40:03,940
to promise jobs and better wages and is going to blame the communists the jews and democrats for

396
00:40:03,940 --> 00:40:11,059
the crisis of germany let's go step by step what is demagoguery demagoguery means in spanish

397
00:40:11,059 --> 00:40:18,780
demagogia que es demagogia cuando uno es demagogo y es político quiere decir digo lo que la gente

398
00:40:18,780 --> 00:40:24,679
want to hear, that is to say, I'm going to say what Hitler says, I'm going to promise jobs and better

399
00:40:24,679 --> 00:40:30,860
wages, I'm going to make you to have a job, it means I'm going to end with unemployment and you

400
00:40:30,860 --> 00:40:38,039
are going to have better salaries, I promise that when I win I will raise the salaries and reduce

401
00:40:38,039 --> 00:40:45,619
unemployment, okay, and I will lower taxes, whatever they say, okay, all that is demagogy, why is it

402
00:40:45,619 --> 00:40:52,800
demagogia porque no dice cómo va a conseguir eso. Es decir, la demagogia es decir lo que otro quiere

403
00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:59,320
oír sin decir cómo vas a llegar a ese punto. Es decir, Hitler está diciendo, sí, yo voy a conseguir

404
00:40:59,320 --> 00:41:05,260
trabajo para todos y voy a mejorar los salarios. ¿Cómo? No lo digo. Digo lo que la gente quiere

405
00:41:05,260 --> 00:41:11,659
oír. ¿Por qué digo lo que la gente quiere oír? Porque quiero que me voten. That is demagoguery.

406
00:41:11,659 --> 00:41:17,920
I'm going to say what the people wants to hear or to listen in order to make them vote for me

407
00:41:18,519 --> 00:41:24,340
So they are he is going to promise jobs and better wages. He is going to achieve this. Yes

408
00:41:24,340 --> 00:41:27,460
He is going to achieve this. We will see later on. Okay

409
00:41:28,159 --> 00:41:35,699
But he is the man, but he is using the McGregory because he is not explaining how he is going to do it. Okay?

410
00:41:36,659 --> 00:41:40,719
He is just saying what the people wants to listen and after that

411
00:41:41,659 --> 00:41:47,340
and making them to vote for him the other thing is he's going to blame the communists the jews and

412
00:41:47,340 --> 00:41:52,699
the democrats for the crisis of germany we have talked about this he's going to blame the jews

413
00:41:52,699 --> 00:41:58,599
because he he says that the the jews are going to be responsible for the crisis of 1929 he's going

414
00:41:58,599 --> 00:42:03,300
to be against the democrat the democrats because he feels that an authoritarian regime is the best

415
00:42:03,300 --> 00:42:11,539
way in order to in order to establish or in order to make germany great again let's say that

416
00:42:11,539 --> 00:42:16,539
okay after the the First World War Germany lost the war Germany has been

417
00:42:16,539 --> 00:42:24,500
has lost this the war and he his power has decreased so he's want to make a

418
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:29,480
Germany great again okay so that's why he's against democracy he's again he

419
00:42:29,480 --> 00:42:32,599
wants an authoritarian regime and he's against the Communists because the

420
00:42:32,599 --> 00:42:36,659
Communists are a threatened if they revolution succeed in the world okay

421
00:42:36,659 --> 00:42:43,599
Because communism is against nationalism. Okay, and nationalism is one of the basis of his ideas

422
00:42:44,159 --> 00:42:46,219
Okay

423
00:42:46,219 --> 00:42:48,539
Who are going to be the supporters of the party?

424
00:42:48,539 --> 00:42:56,300
Of course those that they need a job and they want better salaries. So it means part of the bourgeoisie that they got ruined

425
00:42:57,300 --> 00:43:04,820
Because of the crisis of 1829 and also the farmers and desperate workers that they have no jobs

426
00:43:04,820 --> 00:43:10,340
okay however even with the bourgeoisie part of the bourgeoisie and part of the

427
00:43:10,340 --> 00:43:16,039
workers are going to support Hitler the intellectuals are most of the workers

428
00:43:16,039 --> 00:43:19,780
the vast majority of the workers are going to support the Communist Party

429
00:43:19,780 --> 00:43:27,159
okay so that's the idea Germany has a Democratic Republic this Democratic

430
00:43:27,159 --> 00:43:30,059
Republic is going to be threatened by the Communists and threatened by the

431
00:43:30,059 --> 00:43:36,079
the Nazis, okay, and the Nazis are going to be supported by the bourgeoisie because they have

432
00:43:36,079 --> 00:43:43,739
lost their money and they have lost their factories during the crisis of 1929, and we have

433
00:43:43,739 --> 00:43:49,980
farmers and the spread workers that they have lost their jobs and their wages, their incomes

434
00:43:49,980 --> 00:43:56,139
because of this crisis. However, remember, intellectuals, it means the people that

435
00:43:56,139 --> 00:44:04,019
that they have they had they have studies that they are middle class they

436
00:44:04,019 --> 00:44:07,699
are going to along with the workers are going to most of them are going to

437
00:44:07,699 --> 00:44:12,039
support the Communist Party okay intellectuals and most of the workers

438
00:44:12,039 --> 00:44:16,099
support the Communist Party part of the workers and the farmers are going to

439
00:44:16,099 --> 00:44:22,059
support the Nazi Party along with the bourgeoisie because they lost because of

440
00:44:22,059 --> 00:44:30,340
the crisis of 1929, because he is promising jobs and better wages, for example, you can

441
00:44:30,340 --> 00:44:38,340
see here the relation between the votes to the Nazi party with the unemployment, as unemployment

442
00:44:38,340 --> 00:44:47,000
is increasing, you see the crisis of 1929, this is the turning point, from this moment

443
00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:54,500
on ok there are going the voters the number of voters of the nazi regime is going to increase

444
00:44:54,500 --> 00:45:01,119
along with the unemployment is decir hay una relación clara entre aumento del desempleo y

445
00:45:01,119 --> 00:45:09,559
aumento de los votos al partido nazi vale so due to this situation due to this situation of

446
00:45:09,559 --> 00:45:16,260
unemployment this desperation of part of the population they are going to start voting the

447
00:45:16,260 --> 00:45:18,260
Nazis until they reach

448
00:45:18,840 --> 00:45:21,320
power in 1933, okay?

449
00:45:21,840 --> 00:45:27,380
So you can see unemployment from 1929 till 1932-33, how it's going to increase really fast

450
00:45:27,820 --> 00:45:30,219
How? From 1929, okay?

451
00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:37,539
The voters, the number of voters to the Nazi regime, the Nazi party is going to increase

452
00:45:38,019 --> 00:45:45,530
sharply, it means really fast. So this is the last slide, sorry because of this we

453
00:45:45,530 --> 00:45:49,969
forget this part okay we are going to see it later on so we are going to see

454
00:45:49,969 --> 00:45:55,130
how Hitler's rise into power okay how he's going to get the power okay so the

455
00:45:55,130 --> 00:46:01,309
thing is this Nazi regime as well as as well as the the fascism in Italy are

456
00:46:01,309 --> 00:46:06,510
going to receive the support of industrial people okay so in the

457
00:46:06,510 --> 00:46:10,369
beginning this Nazi party is going to receive money from the wealthy people

458
00:46:10,369 --> 00:46:16,909
that they want the Nazis to fight against the communist revolution so

459
00:46:16,909 --> 00:46:21,889
that's why in the beginning this Nazi party is going to get this money this

460
00:46:21,889 --> 00:46:27,650
financial assistant assistance a financier it means money okay where they

461
00:46:27,650 --> 00:46:32,150
are going to find this money in the middle and high class in this industrial

462
00:46:32,150 --> 00:46:41,409
people this industrial bourgeoisie that they are going to industrial owners that

463
00:46:41,409 --> 00:46:48,409
they are going to pay to this Nazi party to use the SA and SS remember this

464
00:46:48,409 --> 00:46:56,829
militias in order to fight against the against the communist revolution against

465
00:46:56,829 --> 00:47:04,869
socialism ok so this Nazi party is going to get money from these people and this

466
00:47:04,869 --> 00:47:09,250
money is going to make the party stronger and is one of the reasons why

467
00:47:09,250 --> 00:47:16,150
they are going to get into power so that so that in 1932 they are going to get

468
00:47:16,150 --> 00:47:24,449
30 13 million votes to the Nazis ok you can see is going to be the most voted

469
00:47:24,449 --> 00:47:31,909
Party, okay, 30 million. Okay. So what you are going to see is this Nazi party is going to get a

470
00:47:32,730 --> 00:47:39,969
230 spots in the parliament, but they do not have the majority. Okay, they cannot control the parliament

471
00:47:39,969 --> 00:47:42,289
Okay, the parliament is a total of

472
00:47:45,150 --> 00:47:48,889
608 okay, so the idea is a

473
00:47:48,889 --> 00:47:57,409
230 are going to be for the nazi party but the socialist democratic party is going to

474
00:47:57,409 --> 00:48:06,670
get 133, the communist 89, the centrum means the christian democrats are going to get 75

475
00:48:06,670 --> 00:48:15,530
so if we add these three parties they are more than the nazis and these three parties

476
00:48:15,530 --> 00:48:22,809
of course they are against nazism, ok? So that's the idea, the nazis are going to get a lot of

477
00:48:22,809 --> 00:48:31,530
voters but they do not have enough in order to control the parliament, ok? In 1932. In 1933 the

478
00:48:31,530 --> 00:48:39,050
president of the republic Hindenburg is going to make Hitler chancellor, remember, ok? In the

479
00:48:39,050 --> 00:48:44,489
Weimar republic what we have is two presidents, the president of the republic and the president

480
00:48:44,489 --> 00:48:51,030
of the government that is called chancellor if we talk about spain it would be the president of the

481
00:48:51,030 --> 00:48:56,170
republic would be the king would be felipe sexto in this case is president hindenburg because he's

482
00:48:56,170 --> 00:49:01,949
the president of the republic and hitler appointed as chancellor appointed as prime minister as

483
00:49:01,949 --> 00:49:07,150
president of the government would be pedro sanchez okay i want you to understand what is the spot

484
00:49:07,150 --> 00:49:11,809
of these two persons hindenburg would be the president of the republic it means the chief

485
00:49:11,809 --> 00:49:17,889
of state it means like the king in spain nowadays and hitler would be the chancellor it means the

486
00:49:17,889 --> 00:49:26,550
prime minister the president of the government that means okay um pedro sanchez nowadays in

487
00:49:26,550 --> 00:49:32,389
spain so that's the two roles okay the president of the republic the president of the government

488
00:49:32,389 --> 00:49:39,250
or chancellor so hitler is going to be now the chancellor of germany in 1933 but he do not

489
00:49:39,250 --> 00:49:46,130
control the whole parliament okay there are going to be new elections okay in march 1933

490
00:49:46,130 --> 00:49:53,610
and in this case he is going to win a parliamentary majority but he couldn't control the whole

491
00:49:53,610 --> 00:50:01,949
parliament let's check the numbers okay they are going to get 288 spots but not they cannot

492
00:50:01,949 --> 00:50:11,250
control the whole Parliament okay in okay they have only 288 okay the the

493
00:50:11,250 --> 00:50:16,829
Social Democratic Party is going to get 120 the Communist 81 and the centrum it

494
00:50:16,829 --> 00:50:25,489
means the Christian Democrats are going to get 73 okay so that's the idea the

495
00:50:25,489 --> 00:50:30,429
Nazis are going to win the election they are going to have 17 million voters but

496
00:50:30,429 --> 00:50:34,449
they are not going to control the Parliament so what is going to do Hitler

497
00:50:34,449 --> 00:50:38,710
in order to control the Parliament in order to establish a dictatorship at

498
00:50:38,710 --> 00:50:45,570
authoritarian dictatorship he is going to make his squads his militias the SA

499
00:50:45,570 --> 00:50:52,570
and SS to burn down the Reichstag it means the Parliament Reichstag is the

500
00:50:52,570 --> 00:51:01,389
german word for parliament the idea is the nazis win the elections but they do not control the

501
00:51:01,389 --> 00:51:07,030
parliament they do not have an absolute majority so they say well we burn the parliament you cannot

502
00:51:07,030 --> 00:51:14,889
reunite the parliament we blame the communists and from there hitler controls not only the power

503
00:51:14,889 --> 00:51:16,769
del poder ejecutivo

504
00:51:16,769 --> 00:51:18,610
sino también el legislativo

505
00:51:18,610 --> 00:51:19,590
vale

506
00:51:19,590 --> 00:51:22,650
so Hitler is going to call to the elections

507
00:51:22,650 --> 00:51:24,869
in March 1933, he is going to win

508
00:51:24,869 --> 00:51:26,909
the elections but he is not going to get the majority

509
00:51:26,909 --> 00:51:28,630
of the spots in the parliament

510
00:51:28,630 --> 00:51:30,349
so that he said, ok

511
00:51:30,349 --> 00:51:33,010
how can I control the legislative power

512
00:51:33,010 --> 00:51:34,929
ok, let's burn down the

513
00:51:34,929 --> 00:51:35,869
Reichstag, ok

514
00:51:35,869 --> 00:51:38,829
let's burn down the Reichstag, let's burn down the

515
00:51:38,829 --> 00:51:40,929
parliament, so the parliament cannot be

516
00:51:40,929 --> 00:51:42,369
gathered and

517
00:51:42,369 --> 00:51:48,550
And I will have all the legislative power, I will have the legislative power and I will

518
00:51:48,550 --> 00:51:59,349
control the executive and legislative power, everything on my hands, on Hitler's hands.

519
00:51:59,349 --> 00:52:06,090
Remember if we talk about separation of powers is, I will say, is executive power, it means

520
00:52:06,090 --> 00:52:11,829
to make the decisions, legislative power to write the laws and judiciary power.

521
00:52:11,829 --> 00:52:17,989
So Hitler after burning down the Reichstag he is going to have the executive power because

522
00:52:17,989 --> 00:52:22,610
he is the chancellor and he is going to have the legislative power because the parliament

523
00:52:22,610 --> 00:52:29,730
has been burning down by his squads, by the SA and SS and also they are going to say

524
00:52:29,730 --> 00:52:35,590
ok who is guilty of this action, the communists.

525
00:52:35,590 --> 00:52:43,469
So that we are going to start persecuting the communists first and then all of the different

526
00:52:43,469 --> 00:52:49,449
political parties, the social democratic, the centrum or Christian Democratic Party

527
00:52:49,449 --> 00:52:52,869
etc.

528
00:52:52,869 --> 00:52:59,030
So the idea is, Hitler is going to have in 1933 after the election and burning down the

529
00:52:59,030 --> 00:53:04,070
Reichstag the control of the parliament, the control of the legislative power and the control

530
00:53:04,070 --> 00:53:10,769
of the executive power and after that he is going to blame the communists of this attack to the

531
00:53:10,769 --> 00:53:16,489
reichstag he is going to say okay the communists burned down the reichstag they didn't but he is

532
00:53:16,489 --> 00:53:23,070
going to say okay the communists are responsible for this so i will persecute the communists

533
00:53:23,070 --> 00:53:26,369
because they have attacked the republic

534
00:53:26,369 --> 00:53:33,969
Do you understand? Hitler says, let's see, I burn the Reichstag to have the legislative power, I justify that and I say, the fault is of the communists.

535
00:53:34,630 --> 00:53:44,130
From there he gives me the excuse to attack the communists and once he attacks the communists, the rest goes, social democrats, social christians, etc.

536
00:53:45,110 --> 00:53:48,710
Ok, all the people that is in favor of democracy after the communists.

537
00:53:49,550 --> 00:53:54,909
So Hitler is going to persecute his opponents and is going to demand full powers.

538
00:53:54,909 --> 00:54:01,469
it means he is going to demand to be a dictator when he is going to become a truly dictator

539
00:54:01,469 --> 00:54:09,010
in 1934 when Hindenburg here is Hindenburg he is the president of the republic he is like

540
00:54:09,010 --> 00:54:14,869
Philip VI he has the spot of Philip VI in Spain nowadays so he is going to die and Hitler is

541
00:54:14,869 --> 00:54:20,409
going to declare himself Führer it means leader and chancellor of the third right

542
00:54:20,409 --> 00:54:35,710
So, in 1934, when Hindenburg dies, Hitler says, well, the position of Hindenburg is also for me, I fund it, I do not mix it in a single person that I am, and I am going to call myself from now on Peter, that means leader, okay?

543
00:54:35,710 --> 00:54:41,230
entonces voy a ser presidente de la república y canciller pero ya no va a existir la república

544
00:54:41,230 --> 00:54:46,389
a partir de ahora lo que existe es el tercer reich el tercer imperio el imperio que decía

545
00:54:46,389 --> 00:54:55,929
de los mil años y a partir de aquí hitler es el dictador de alemania y establece una dictadura

546
00:54:55,929 --> 00:55:07,840
absoluta autoritaria totalitaria so hitler as soon as hindenburg is dead in 1934 he is going

547
00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:13,420
to declare himself fuhrer it means he is going to end with the republic he is going to have all the

548
00:55:13,420 --> 00:55:17,900
powers he is going to have hindenburg's power and he is going to have the chancellor power and he

549
00:55:17,900 --> 00:55:23,739
is going to now be the fuhrer he is going to end with the republic and he is going to start the

550
00:55:23,739 --> 00:55:32,199
Third Reich. The idea is that Hitler ends with the republic, declares the Third Reich, he is going to

551
00:55:32,199 --> 00:55:38,380
declare himself as the leader of the Third Reich, the Führer, and assumes the executive and legislative powers,

552
00:55:38,380 --> 00:55:43,300
assumes the power that Hindenburg had, the one that he had as chancellor and the one that the parliament had,

553
00:55:43,300 --> 00:55:53,380
all in one person, in Hitler, who is now the Führer. So this is how Hitler is going to

554
00:55:53,380 --> 00:55:59,460
rise into power he is going to win elections but he is not going to achieve all the power due to

555
00:55:59,460 --> 00:56:04,059
these elections because he is going to burn down the Reichstag in order to have all the power in

556
00:56:04,059 --> 00:56:11,139
order to have the control of the of the parliament okay he is going to blame the communists and after

557
00:56:11,139 --> 00:56:15,400
that he is going to start persecuting his opponents and finally with Hindenburg death

558
00:56:15,400 --> 00:56:20,280
he is going to be defeated and he is going to turn the republic into a third Reich

559
00:56:20,280 --> 00:56:44,000
That is to say, does Hitler get power by the elections? Not exactly, he does get power, he gets to be chancellor by the elections, but he does not become a dictator because people voted for him, he becomes a dictator burning the Reichstag and accusing the communists, chasing the political opposition that had many votes, more scams in the parliament than Hitler.

560
00:56:44,000 --> 00:56:54,079
y una vez muerto Hindenburg se convierte en el dictador en el en la persona con todo el poder

561
00:56:54,079 --> 00:57:10,389
en alemania the fear I add you here the the link to I will say the link to a to a article that is

562
00:57:10,389 --> 00:57:14,829
going to explain you the different companies the different industrial

563
00:57:14,829 --> 00:57:19,530
companies that they are going to support Hitler and is going to support the Nazi

564
00:57:19,530 --> 00:57:24,269
regime okay so you can read it you'll you'll you'll find it interesting so

565
00:57:24,269 --> 00:57:29,869
click on it and check this check this article really what you have time

566
00:57:29,869 --> 00:57:32,809
because it's really interesting to see the different companies that they are

567
00:57:32,809 --> 00:57:40,269
supporting Hitler in order to be the feeder okay the next point is going to

568
00:57:40,269 --> 00:57:45,650
be the nazi regime we are going to talk about how is going to be this totalitarian regime it means

569
00:57:45,650 --> 00:57:52,489
we are going to see the the characteristics of germany after hitler is the fearer okay we have

570
00:57:52,489 --> 00:57:58,769
seen how hitler reached into power the next step is how hitler is going to build this new regime

571
00:57:58,769 --> 00:58:02,230
how is going to establish this authoritarian system