1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:06,419 Well, today we are going to study two epigraphs. This first epigraph, that is the Jews and the Holocaust, as you can see in the title. 2 00:00:07,019 --> 00:00:09,660 And then we will see the consequences of the Second World War. 3 00:00:10,220 --> 00:00:16,179 Okay, so what we are going to study is this first slide related with this problem, this situation. 4 00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:25,559 I mean, the Holocaust, the action of the Nazis trying to end with the Jews regarding to that international conspiracy. 5 00:00:25,559 --> 00:00:32,119 remember that that the nazis were thinking that the communists and the jews were has plot 6 00:00:32,119 --> 00:00:39,020 has set a conspiracy against germany internationally so they need to end with 7 00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:49,079 the jews and remember also that they the nazis has um a racial or uh he wants i mean they have 8 00:00:49,079 --> 00:00:55,020 a racial conception of nationalism so it means that they want they they have this racist idea 9 00:00:55,020 --> 00:01:00,179 So they want to end to eliminate all these enemies of Germany. Okay, and 10 00:01:00,740 --> 00:01:02,740 One of the enemies of course are 11 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:04,920 The Jews, okay 12 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:06,180 So let's let's begin 13 00:01:06,180 --> 00:01:12,659 So the idea the key idea is what I have said no racism authoritarianism and xenophobia of Nazi ideology 14 00:01:12,799 --> 00:01:19,260 Let them to commit terrible crimes against those they consider inferior like disabled people slavs 15 00:01:19,879 --> 00:01:23,519 Romani communists or Jews it means so this idea of 16 00:01:23,519 --> 00:01:31,060 this nationalism based on racism is going to make them try to eliminate this 17 00:01:31,060 --> 00:01:37,799 inferior races okay so they are going to consider people that they are disabled 18 00:01:37,799 --> 00:01:43,659 or slavs it means Slavos so people living in Eastern Europe Romani that 19 00:01:43,659 --> 00:01:48,900 means gitanos okay so they are going to be considered also an inferior race 20 00:01:48,900 --> 00:01:53,120 communists of course and Jews too so what they are going to do is try to 21 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:58,799 eliminate them all so the idea is if they want to preserve the Aryan race if 22 00:01:58,799 --> 00:02:03,980 they want to preserve this race that is the German race that is superior what 23 00:02:03,980 --> 00:02:09,560 they need is to avoid any contact between these people these inferior 24 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:14,879 races with the German race it means a communist cannot get married with a 25 00:02:14,879 --> 00:02:22,580 German because he's going to eliminate the purity of the race as you cannot 26 00:02:22,580 --> 00:02:26,460 get married with a German too because he's going to eliminate the purity of 27 00:02:26,460 --> 00:02:30,919 the race and so on with the others okay so the idea is they need to eliminate 28 00:02:30,919 --> 00:02:35,080 them they need in the beginning what they are going to do is to prevent these 29 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:41,520 people to get in touch with the Germans after that the next step is going to be 30 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:47,180 to eliminate them to kill them okay so let's see there are like two main phases 31 00:02:47,180 --> 00:02:52,939 in this process. The first phase goes from 1933, when Hitler is going to reach 32 00:02:52,939 --> 00:03:00,840 power, until 1939, when the... 1939-1942, okay? When the Second World War is going to 33 00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:08,120 begin, okay? So the idea is, before the war what we have is laws or measures 34 00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:12,240 that they are going to be addressed in order to avoid these 35 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:19,439 people to get in touch with the German pure race, it means with the German 36 00:03:19,439 --> 00:03:24,719 society because this German society is based on an Aryan race and if they want 37 00:03:24,719 --> 00:03:30,340 to preserve this race these people cannot get in touch with them, okay? 38 00:03:30,340 --> 00:03:33,479 The next step, the second phase is during the Second World War when they are going 39 00:03:33,479 --> 00:03:38,460 to say okay we need to eliminate them all, okay? We cannot, the measures that we 40 00:03:38,460 --> 00:03:44,639 have made or we have taken in order to avoid this this contact between there 41 00:03:44,639 --> 00:03:48,240 between the German society and these people the disabled slavs romani 42 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:55,620 communists or Jews have failed we cannot prevent all these people to be not to be 43 00:03:55,620 --> 00:04:01,500 in touch with the Germans okay the idea is when they expand to Eastern Europe 44 00:04:01,500 --> 00:04:07,500 the amount of disabled slavs romani communists or you people or use people 45 00:04:07,500 --> 00:04:14,319 is going to increase that much that they cannot prevent this the Germans to get 46 00:04:14,319 --> 00:04:18,779 in touch with them okay so the idea is before the war there are not that much 47 00:04:18,779 --> 00:04:24,779 people this kind of people in the territories controlled by the Nazi 48 00:04:24,779 --> 00:04:29,699 regime as as soon as they expand to Eastern Europe they are going to find 49 00:04:29,699 --> 00:04:36,019 Jews communists Roman is last disabled people that in a huge amount so the idea 50 00:04:36,019 --> 00:04:41,980 is that they are too many so they are too many in order to use the same 51 00:04:41,980 --> 00:04:48,439 measures in order to prevent these Germans to get in touch with these 52 00:04:48,439 --> 00:04:55,759 people in Eastern Europe so the idea is the only way to prevent this contact 53 00:04:55,759 --> 00:05:02,540 between these two societies is to kill them all to eliminate them okay so let's 54 00:05:02,540 --> 00:05:06,259 see how they are going to do how this process is going to is going to take 55 00:05:06,259 --> 00:05:10,639 place so the first thing is the first measure is to persecute and arrest them 56 00:05:10,639 --> 00:05:17,300 okay so the idea is they need to identify them okay so the idea is that 57 00:05:17,300 --> 00:05:21,000 Jews are going to be persecuted and they are going to be forced to wear this 58 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:27,579 badge on their clothes it means you see this woman is Jewish, this man is Jewish 59 00:05:27,579 --> 00:05:34,839 to this these children to etc so the idea is we are going to identify these 60 00:05:34,839 --> 00:05:42,639 people that we do not want them to get in touch or to get in contact with with 61 00:05:42,639 --> 00:05:48,879 the Germans so the idea is inside the German society we have pure racial 62 00:05:48,879 --> 00:05:53,379 Germans that they are the Aryan race that's the Nazi way of thinking and in 63 00:05:53,379 --> 00:05:58,240 the other way what we have is these other people that they are not Aryan and 64 00:05:58,240 --> 00:06:02,439 they are the enemies of Germany so the first measure they are going to take is 65 00:06:02,439 --> 00:06:08,639 okay let's identify these enemies of the German society first thing is to 66 00:06:08,639 --> 00:06:15,040 persecute them and make them force them to wear this badge in order to in order 67 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:20,439 to make sure that they are identified and they are not going to get in contact 68 00:06:20,439 --> 00:06:26,600 with the Germans, because if I'm German and I'm part of the Aryan race, I know that I shouldn't 69 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:31,860 be in contact with them, as soon as I see the budget, I'm going to say, okay, I cannot get in 70 00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:39,670 contact with them, because they are Jews, they are Jewish, okay, again, another example, we have seen 71 00:06:39,670 --> 00:06:46,250 this photograph before, so remember the budget, this is the David Star, okay, again the same, 72 00:06:46,250 --> 00:06:51,329 They were forced to wear the budget, so they need to wear it, okay? 73 00:06:51,709 --> 00:06:58,810 They were forced to do it in order to identify this population as not part of the German society, 74 00:06:59,050 --> 00:07:10,310 even when they are inside Germany, in order to identify these enemies of the German society and the Aryan race. 75 00:07:10,310 --> 00:07:16,670 the second step is they are going to start transporting part of this population to 76 00:07:16,670 --> 00:07:22,389 concentration camps okay in order to do forced labor so the idea is they are going to start 77 00:07:22,389 --> 00:07:26,930 persecuting them they are going to start identifying them but they are going to start 78 00:07:26,930 --> 00:07:31,970 sending some to the concentration camps okay some of the jews that they are going to have 79 00:07:31,970 --> 00:07:37,269 against the nazi regime imagine i don't know a journalist that is going to be writing against 80 00:07:37,269 --> 00:07:45,350 Hitler or against the Nazi regime. They are going to be sent to these concentration camps. Okay, they are going to be 81 00:07:45,730 --> 00:07:53,430 Carried they are going to force them get into these wagons. Okay, these trains these wagons these wagons that they are for animals 82 00:07:54,230 --> 00:07:58,949 They are wagons for animals, but they are going to carry all these people as you can understand 83 00:07:58,949 --> 00:08:02,910 These wagons are not going to have a space enough for all these people 84 00:08:02,910 --> 00:08:08,129 so these people is going to be inside these wagons they are going to be they 85 00:08:08,129 --> 00:08:11,589 are going to stick together they are going to be really close each other they 86 00:08:11,589 --> 00:08:14,790 are going to they are going to the toilet they are going to go to the 87 00:08:14,790 --> 00:08:20,550 toilet inside where there is no toilet so the conditions they were human they 88 00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:26,850 are were against the human rights so they are going to be mistreated okay so 89 00:08:26,850 --> 00:08:30,990 they cannot escape as you can see they cannot escape they are going to be 90 00:08:30,990 --> 00:08:37,350 treated as animals and they are going to be forced to to work to labor to to 91 00:08:37,350 --> 00:08:42,990 forced labor in this concentration camps also another measure okay so the first 92 00:08:42,990 --> 00:08:47,490 measure is to persecute them and make them wear badges at the same time they 93 00:08:47,490 --> 00:08:51,330 are going to start transporting some of them to the concentration camps and also 94 00:08:51,330 --> 00:08:57,629 they are going to the next step is to separate the the people inside the 95 00:08:57,629 --> 00:09:06,090 society it means from 1940 it means a First World War onwards the Jews in 96 00:09:06,090 --> 00:09:11,610 Poland and other countries were moved to ghettos a ghetto is like a neighborhood 97 00:09:11,610 --> 00:09:17,549 inside the inside a city that is going to be surrounded by walls and in this 98 00:09:17,549 --> 00:09:23,070 place you are going to keep these people apart from the rest of the society so 99 00:09:23,070 --> 00:09:26,350 the idea is they are going to persecute them they are going to make them work 100 00:09:26,350 --> 00:09:30,129 budgets in order to identify them they are going to be sent to the 101 00:09:30,129 --> 00:09:35,049 concentration camps and now from 1940 onwards what they are going to do is to 102 00:09:35,049 --> 00:09:40,350 separate the society they are going to split up the society in the free world 103 00:09:40,350 --> 00:09:45,529 in the free in the in the vast majority of the city what we are going to find is 104 00:09:45,529 --> 00:09:51,669 the German people and in these ghettos what we are going to find is the Jews 105 00:09:51,669 --> 00:09:57,429 okay so this is the idea this is a neighborhood there is a fence separating 106 00:09:57,429 --> 00:10:02,710 the ghetto from the rest of the city so that's the idea the Jews are going to 107 00:10:02,710 --> 00:10:06,850 live in the ghetto they cannot leave the ghetto they are going to work in the 108 00:10:06,850 --> 00:10:11,070 ghetto okay and the rest of the people is going to live here so that's the idea 109 00:10:11,070 --> 00:10:17,629 okay so this is the best way in order to separate the populations to separate the 110 00:10:17,629 --> 00:10:25,250 Jews from the rest of the German people separate the Jews from the Aryan race in 111 00:10:25,250 --> 00:10:31,929 order to keep and preserve the purity of the Aryan race so as you can see are you 112 00:10:31,929 --> 00:10:37,789 as you can see first they are going to identify them in order to prevent any 113 00:10:37,789 --> 00:10:41,990 contact with the with a German society they are going to be sent to the 114 00:10:41,990 --> 00:10:47,629 concentration camps some of them not everyone and from 1940 onwards what they 115 00:10:47,629 --> 00:10:52,129 are going to have is these ghettos where they are going to be a they are going to 116 00:10:52,129 --> 00:10:55,970 be imprisoned the idea is they are not going to be free they cannot leave the 117 00:10:55,970 --> 00:10:59,769 ghetto they are going to live in this part of the city that is going to be 118 00:10:59,769 --> 00:11:06,470 divided by fences or walls finally the last step and this is what is called 119 00:11:06,470 --> 00:11:13,610 holocaust in 1942 the nazi leaders planned the final solution the solution final that means the 120 00:11:13,610 --> 00:11:19,169 elimination of all jews it means they need to eliminate them we are not going to separate them 121 00:11:19,169 --> 00:11:24,830 we are not going to identify them what we are going to do is to kill them okay this is the 122 00:11:24,830 --> 00:11:34,649 next step is like a another step in order in this process to prevent the jews to get in touch or in 123 00:11:34,649 --> 00:11:40,549 contact with the rest of the german society so they are going to create they are going to make 124 00:11:40,549 --> 00:11:47,330 them first world badges then send them to the concentration camps they are going to move them 125 00:11:47,330 --> 00:11:54,149 into ghettos from 1940 onwards and finally they are going to execute them all so what you see here 126 00:11:54,149 --> 00:12:01,629 this is germany remember the the germany after obtaining alsace and lorraine part of gelgium 127 00:12:01,629 --> 00:12:08,529 obtaining Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, that is nowadays Czech Republic, and part of 128 00:12:08,529 --> 00:12:14,169 Poland, okay? So the idea is what they are going to do, they are going to create all 129 00:12:14,169 --> 00:12:18,370 these concentration camps, as you can see these are the red dots, are the 130 00:12:18,370 --> 00:12:23,350 concentration camps, and these other, these bigger red dots, are the 131 00:12:23,350 --> 00:12:28,850 extermination camp. If you check, most of them, the vast majority of them, are going 132 00:12:28,850 --> 00:12:34,309 to be in Poland it means as soon as they expand during the Second World War they 133 00:12:34,309 --> 00:12:40,950 started to create these specific camps why because they cannot create more 134 00:12:40,950 --> 00:12:47,450 ghettos they cannot just make them make the use to work budgets in order to 135 00:12:47,450 --> 00:12:52,230 separate them from the rest of the German population what they need to do 136 00:12:52,230 --> 00:13:00,809 is to eliminate them all okay so the idea is we cannot prevent them to we 137 00:13:00,809 --> 00:13:08,549 cannot prevent them to the contact so the best way in order to do that is to 138 00:13:08,549 --> 00:13:13,169 kill them okay so that's what they are going to do they are going to create 139 00:13:13,169 --> 00:13:16,529 this extermination comes where they are going to send the juice and they are 140 00:13:16,529 --> 00:13:21,210 going to be killed straight away they are going to use the gas the gas 141 00:13:21,210 --> 00:13:26,210 chambers in order to kill them and they are going to burn them out, the bodies 142 00:13:26,210 --> 00:13:30,309 and that's it so in these concentration camps what you're going to find is 143 00:13:30,309 --> 00:13:34,590 people that they are going to live very bad they are going to they are going to 144 00:13:34,590 --> 00:13:39,629 suffer a lot they are going to be doing hard hard work but in this case what 145 00:13:39,629 --> 00:13:43,490 they are going to send this they are going to send people and people to kill 146 00:13:43,490 --> 00:13:47,289 them all so they are not going to work they are going to be send there in 147 00:13:47,289 --> 00:13:53,110 order to be killed and in order to be to be executed and then burn out the corpse 148 00:13:53,110 --> 00:14:00,759 okay so they were systematic tortured of course during the journey you see the 149 00:14:00,759 --> 00:14:07,100 wagons they they were they were they were transport in that they were small 150 00:14:07,100 --> 00:14:11,580 they are going to die most of them they are going to die many of them are going 151 00:14:11,580 --> 00:14:16,240 to die in the journey they are going to be hardly dressed because they are going 152 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:22,659 give them like a pyjama or something like that okay this is the the images 153 00:14:22,659 --> 00:14:26,759 okay as you can see there is not that much space they are not going to be well 154 00:14:26,759 --> 00:14:31,600 fit they are going to be there is going to be young people or there is going to 155 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:36,539 be other people okay you can see it here the woman in one place the men in the 156 00:14:36,539 --> 00:14:41,840 other this is from concentration camps because in the extermination camps they 157 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:48,879 going to be sent to die okay so remember these are the type of clothes they are going to wear 158 00:14:48,879 --> 00:14:55,759 okay and they are going to be forced they are going to be forced to to do hard working or they 159 00:14:55,759 --> 00:15:02,720 are going to be executed this is mathausen this is a concentration camp as you can see it's really 160 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:10,639 big these are the different houses or barracks where the the prisoners are going to live okay 161 00:15:10,639 --> 00:15:14,879 and they are going to be forced labor here okay that's why it's a concentration camp 162 00:15:17,840 --> 00:15:23,360 they were tortured and subjected to medical experiments that is true they some of the 163 00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:32,559 doctors let's say doctors but it's not the right the right word that would be well they are not 164 00:15:32,559 --> 00:15:38,320 doctors exactly but they have a medical knowledge so the idea is they are going to carry out medical 165 00:15:38,320 --> 00:15:46,240 experiments for example if you have someone with brown eyes and the color of their eyes is brown 166 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:54,720 let's see if i can introduce some ink blue ink inside the the eyeball and i'm going to make him 167 00:15:54,720 --> 00:16:00,399 has the the iris in blue eye of course what you are going to do is to blind his eye you are going 168 00:16:00,399 --> 00:16:06,799 to prevent him to see okay you are not going to change the color of the eye but remember what 169 00:16:06,799 --> 00:16:11,639 they are doing this is just one type of experiment there are a lot a lot of different ones they are 170 00:16:11,639 --> 00:16:17,360 going to be really hard i do not want to explain them because they are disgusting but the idea is 171 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:23,919 they are mistreating these people because they feel that they are an inferior race so they are 172 00:16:23,919 --> 00:16:30,379 not going to believe that they are human beings so what they are going to do is just to torture 173 00:16:30,379 --> 00:16:37,259 them kill them or use them for medical experiments and finally they are going to execute them 174 00:16:38,779 --> 00:16:44,299 let's check this okay this is the jewish population in 1938 in these countries please 175 00:16:44,299 --> 00:16:51,419 look at poland this is the victims the people that executed in poland almost the whole 176 00:16:51,419 --> 00:16:59,580 jewish population of poland was executed three million people it's like taking almost the whole 177 00:16:59,580 --> 00:17:08,960 population of the city of madrid and execute them all okay so three million people if you check in 178 00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:12,799 the soviet union they are not going to conquer the whole soviet union but in the territories 179 00:17:12,799 --> 00:17:21,599 they are going to conquer one million people romania more than half czechoslovakia almost 180 00:17:21,599 --> 00:17:29,920 everyone yugoslavia and greece halt if you check in western europe italy is going to almost kill 181 00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:36,079 them all, the Netherlands more than half, Germany and Austria more than half. 182 00:17:38,079 --> 00:17:47,119 Okay, so this is the reality, they had this plan, they had the ways to execute these people 183 00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:58,289 and they started to do it. So that is called the final solution, that means to execute the Jews, 184 00:17:58,289 --> 00:18:04,690 to execute, not only Jews, also communists, romanians, slavs, etc. to execute them in order 185 00:18:04,690 --> 00:18:11,809 to preserve the purity of the race, that's the idea, not other thing, to preserve the purity 186 00:18:11,809 --> 00:18:19,569 of the race. So now what we are going to see is the next point that is the consequences of the 187 00:18:19,569 --> 00:18:27,309 war, we are going to see these consequences, we will try to do it fast, okay? So let's see the 188 00:18:27,309 --> 00:18:32,029 basic consequences of this war the first thing is the human and economic losses of course 189 00:18:32,029 --> 00:18:38,990 you know that there are going to be more or less 50 60 million people die okay so these are the 190 00:18:38,990 --> 00:18:46,109 data if you can check the soviet union is one of the countries with more people dead okay more than 191 00:18:46,109 --> 00:18:56,130 seven million civilians, more than 13 million militaries and if you check 192 00:18:56,130 --> 00:19:00,529 Germany is going to be the next and finally Japan but let's see one 193 00:19:00,529 --> 00:19:06,809 specific case Poland most of their population the civilian population are 194 00:19:06,809 --> 00:19:12,569 going to be executed more than 5 million people you know which type of people was 195 00:19:12,569 --> 00:19:18,869 executed the Jews okay they conquered Poland and they are going to execute 196 00:19:18,869 --> 00:19:28,069 more than 5 million people civilians not military civilians most of them Jews the 197 00:19:28,069 --> 00:19:38,269 average is the 15% of the population okay so let's check 50 60 50 60 million 198 00:19:38,269 --> 00:19:41,789 people died okay we are going to see that the Soviet Union is going to suffer 199 00:19:41,789 --> 00:19:46,769 a lot Poland Germany and Japan are the four main countries but let's check this 200 00:19:46,769 --> 00:19:53,369 graph please if you check is true the Soviet Union is going to have a lot of 201 00:19:53,369 --> 00:19:58,890 casualties almost 24 million if you check Germany too if you check Japan too 202 00:19:58,890 --> 00:20:03,170 if we compare it with the other countries even France has less than 203 00:20:03,170 --> 00:20:09,910 Japan or or Germany or if we go to the UK okay that most of them are going to 204 00:20:09,910 --> 00:20:19,549 be military. But I want to point out something here. China. China is going to suffer the 205 00:20:19,549 --> 00:20:28,269 Japanese occupation, and most of its population is going to be civilians. Millions of millions 206 00:20:28,269 --> 00:20:36,809 of people executed by the Japanese. Please, keep this in mind. When we are talking about 207 00:20:36,809 --> 00:20:46,329 the second world war not only germany is going to carry out a holocaust or a massacre the japanese 208 00:20:46,329 --> 00:20:53,769 in china are going to carry out also a huge massacre of civilians okay if you check a lot 209 00:20:53,769 --> 00:21:01,609 of civilians millions and millions of civilians please it's really important to keep this in mind 210 00:21:01,609 --> 00:21:08,730 these are the civilians these are the military so most of them okay please most of them are going to 211 00:21:08,730 --> 00:21:16,250 be civilians millions of millions more than 12 more than 14 million people dead only and they 212 00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:24,329 are only civilians okay it's really important so the idea is in china they are going to suffer a 213 00:21:24,329 --> 00:21:29,849 lot they are going to suffer this specific holocaust holocaust is a world related with 214 00:21:29,849 --> 00:21:35,230 the jews in this case they are not executing jews they are executing the chinese why they are 215 00:21:35,230 --> 00:21:41,630 executing the civilians the chinese civilians because the japanese as well as the germans 216 00:21:41,630 --> 00:21:48,549 feel that they are a superior race so the chinese are an inferior race so they are they have the 217 00:21:48,549 --> 00:21:54,630 right to kill them all if they want to okay so they are going to start executing people 218 00:21:54,630 --> 00:22:01,150 in many different ways, okay? And there are going to be a lot of casualties. I'm not going to explain 219 00:22:01,150 --> 00:22:07,150 the different atrocities they are going to carry out there, but a lot. Believe me, a lot, okay? 220 00:22:07,789 --> 00:22:13,269 So in China, China is going to be the second country with more casualties during the 221 00:22:13,269 --> 00:22:20,190 Second World War after the Soviet Union. So more than 15% were civilians, while in the First World 222 00:22:20,190 --> 00:22:25,230 War only 5% were civilians. So there is a huge change between the First World War and the Second 223 00:22:25,230 --> 00:22:29,549 world war in the first world war five percent were civilians in the in the second world war 224 00:22:29,549 --> 00:22:36,150 50 more than 50 percent so the population the civilian population is going to suffer more than 225 00:22:36,150 --> 00:22:41,329 the military during this second world war if we compare it with the first world war or any other 226 00:22:41,329 --> 00:22:48,049 type of war in history so also there are going to be population displacements it means exodus okay 227 00:22:48,049 --> 00:22:52,950 the population is going to run away or they are going to be forced to move from one place to 228 00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:57,609 another okay the nazis are going to start conquering territory so the population is 229 00:22:57,609 --> 00:23:06,710 going to run away from these territories okay also the the germans are going to force people 230 00:23:06,710 --> 00:23:13,009 to move from one place to the other if you take the the jews in poland and you send them to a 231 00:23:13,009 --> 00:23:19,190 concentration camp in germany you are making they you are forcing them to move to a different place 232 00:23:19,190 --> 00:23:44,250 So those are population displacements, desplazamientos de población, it means 30 million displaced Europeans, 30 million people, it's like moving almost the whole population nowadays in Spain, out of Spain, imagine the Iberian Peninsula empty, no people in the Iberian Peninsula because they have been moved to a different place, ok? 233 00:23:44,250 --> 00:23:53,960 remember they are going to expand the Germans to the Western Europe Northern Europe and Eastern 234 00:23:53,960 --> 00:24:00,740 Europe so they are going to make population to move or they are going to or they are going to 235 00:24:00,740 --> 00:24:07,400 scare the population and they are going to run away also here in Japan okay in Asia is going 236 00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:14,640 to be the same okay the population is going to be if deported is going to is going to be forced to 237 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:20,339 move to a different place or this population is going to is going to run 238 00:24:20,339 --> 00:24:28,900 away from the advance of the Japanese or German and Italian troops so during the 239 00:24:28,900 --> 00:24:32,920 conflict we are going to see these deportations okay and during the post 240 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:37,920 war period remember these prisoners these people that they have been 241 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:42,880 deported are going to come back to their countries so the idea is after the Second 242 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:47,019 World War they are going to return to their countries okay they are going to 243 00:24:47,019 --> 00:24:52,000 return to their countries if they have survived they are going to return to 244 00:24:52,000 --> 00:25:01,559 their countries so that's the idea this is the idea of the human human losses we 245 00:25:01,559 --> 00:25:04,960 are going to talk now about the economic consequences what is going to happen 246 00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:10,000 related in the economic field everything has it has been destroyed okay so 247 00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:15,920 extensive destruction of property bombs and airplanes they are going to bomb the 248 00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:22,279 cities the means of transport the industrial facilities they are burning crops on woodland 249 00:25:22,279 --> 00:25:28,220 okay so trees and forests are going to be vanished they are going to end with the crops in order to 250 00:25:28,220 --> 00:25:33,680 prevent the new troops conquering the territories to use them they are going to destroy industrial 251 00:25:33,680 --> 00:25:42,799 facilities remember how the the Royal the British Royal Aircraft was bombing the industrial 252 00:25:42,799 --> 00:25:48,180 facilities in Germany because what they want is to attack to the German economy 253 00:25:48,180 --> 00:25:52,259 and they are going to own the cities because they want the population to 254 00:25:52,259 --> 00:25:58,359 force the country to surrender so they want to scare the population bombing the 255 00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:06,119 cities and they are going to force them to they are going to force them they 256 00:26:06,119 --> 00:26:12,359 They they want to to persuade them in this way persuade. It's a a light word 257 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:14,920 They want to to make them 258 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:19,079 Be against the government and force the country to surrender 259 00:26:19,640 --> 00:26:25,079 So cities completely destroyed due to the bombing so they need to reconstruct them rebuild them 260 00:26:26,279 --> 00:26:30,039 Okay, if you check this video you are going to see some original 261 00:26:31,079 --> 00:26:32,759 It's an original video 262 00:26:32,759 --> 00:26:34,440 related to 263 00:26:34,440 --> 00:26:42,519 the uk to london you can see check london how was london after the war after yes after the war 264 00:26:42,519 --> 00:26:50,440 so you'll see the the destroy buildings etc and remember the industrial facilities were bombed by 265 00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:56,759 the planes what else there are going to be countries that they are not going to suffer 266 00:26:56,759 --> 00:27:03,319 these lost so what they are going to do is to become in suppliers and of anything they need 267 00:27:03,319 --> 00:27:08,019 of the europeans needs and they are going to experience an economic growth imagine canada 268 00:27:08,019 --> 00:27:15,599 canada has no suffer economic losses okay no bombing on their countries so they in this is 269 00:27:15,599 --> 00:27:20,059 the industrial facilities are perfect so they are going to produce anything the europeans need 270 00:27:20,059 --> 00:27:25,579 but they are not going to give these products for free they are going to make the europeans to pay 271 00:27:25,579 --> 00:27:31,180 for the products okay that makes sense so the idea is they are going to become suppliers of the 272 00:27:31,180 --> 00:27:36,940 European countries that they are destroyed after the war and they are going to experience this economic growth 273 00:27:36,940 --> 00:27:39,559 Okay, so Canada, Australia, Sweden, etc 274 00:27:40,119 --> 00:27:45,160 These countries that they do not participate in the war as battlefields and 275 00:27:45,740 --> 00:27:48,400 That they keep their economies healthy 276 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:53,680 So they are going to use their economy in order to be the suppliers of the European countries 277 00:27:53,680 --> 00:27:56,380 And they are going to experience this economic growth 278 00:27:57,619 --> 00:27:59,819 and the final consequence of course is 279 00:27:59,819 --> 00:28:09,470 is that Europe is going to be ruined after the Second World War Europe is has 280 00:28:09,470 --> 00:28:16,369 been destroyed not only economically but also military and demographically so 281 00:28:16,369 --> 00:28:20,269 Europe was ruined and there are going to be two main powers in the world after 282 00:28:20,269 --> 00:28:28,069 that the the USA the United States and the Soviet Union okay so this is going 283 00:28:28,069 --> 00:28:33,670 to be the map of the world after the second world war after the second world war what we have is the 284 00:28:33,670 --> 00:28:42,089 cold war okay we are going to have two main countries okay the USA and the Soviet Union 285 00:28:42,089 --> 00:28:48,730 they are going to fight each other and they are going to try to spread their ideologies and 286 00:28:48,730 --> 00:28:55,130 economic system to the other countries if you check Europe is going to be divided into halves 287 00:28:55,130 --> 00:29:00,009 the Eastern Europe and the Western Europe the Western Europe is going to be 288 00:29:00,009 --> 00:29:05,349 in favor of the US the Eastern Europe is going to be in favor of the Soviet Union 289 00:29:05,349 --> 00:29:09,950 China in Asia there are going to be some count several countries in favor of the 290 00:29:09,950 --> 00:29:15,009 Soviet Union others in favor of the USA in Latin America most of them are going 291 00:29:15,009 --> 00:29:20,210 to be capitalist and in Africa Africa you'll see the differences right there 292 00:29:20,210 --> 00:29:24,369 are going to be more half-and-half so this is the Cold War the Cold War is 293 00:29:24,369 --> 00:29:32,569 going to be a conflict that is going to last from 1945 till 1991 okay it's 294 00:29:32,569 --> 00:29:40,329 almost the the second half of the of the 20th century and this Cold War is based 295 00:29:40,329 --> 00:29:48,369 on the the fight between the US and their allies and the Soviet Union and 296 00:29:48,369 --> 00:29:54,609 their allies okay so after the Second World War Europe is not going to be the 297 00:29:54,609 --> 00:29:58,509 most important country the European countries are going to be are going to 298 00:29:58,509 --> 00:30:03,430 be weaker in comparison with the US and the Soviet Union that they are going to 299 00:30:03,430 --> 00:30:10,250 be the strong superpowers so now what we need to talk about is the moral impact 300 00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:16,789 what you need to understand this most most of the almost or more than 5 301 00:30:16,789 --> 00:30:21,049 million people has been executed in Poland and other countries they have 302 00:30:21,049 --> 00:30:26,630 suffered also this repression so the Holocaust is going to have a moral 303 00:30:26,630 --> 00:30:32,750 impact on the European countries as you can see the human rights were 304 00:30:32,750 --> 00:30:39,029 systematically violated okay we are talking about concentration camps okay 305 00:30:39,029 --> 00:30:48,690 we are talking about almost dying dead people okay hundreds hundreds and 306 00:30:48,690 --> 00:30:55,039 hundreds of people executed that as you can see in the course they are really 307 00:30:55,039 --> 00:31:03,160 skinny they are they suffer famine okay and they started executing this 308 00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:11,380 population it's a mass execution is the Holocaust so not only adults also 309 00:31:11,380 --> 00:31:16,660 children they are going to be executed so we are talking about the human rights 310 00:31:16,660 --> 00:31:21,880 being systematically violated okay so this is going to have a moral impact is 311 00:31:21,880 --> 00:31:28,059 going to be a moral trauma for the Western civilization because because 312 00:31:28,059 --> 00:31:32,019 they are going to start questioning about their barbarism it means how if 313 00:31:32,019 --> 00:31:36,599 they were the most developed countries, how they had the most 314 00:31:36,599 --> 00:31:42,640 sophisticated culture, they ended killing all these people, okay? So that's the idea 315 00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:49,900 how the European civilization could do this, could have done this, okay? So this 316 00:31:49,900 --> 00:31:55,480 is going to create a moral trauma, a moral impact on the population. And 317 00:31:55,480 --> 00:32:00,099 finally we need to talk about this, okay? We need to talk about these conferences 318 00:32:00,099 --> 00:32:08,440 The thing is, the world after the Second World War was organized in three main conferences 319 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:11,039 during the war, okay? 320 00:32:11,259 --> 00:32:21,759 So the idea is, as the world was evolving, the different allies, mainly the UK, the USA, 321 00:32:22,119 --> 00:32:28,019 and the Soviet Union, are going to gather into three different conferences in order 322 00:32:28,019 --> 00:32:34,339 to establish or to set or to build the world after the peace, ok? 323 00:32:34,339 --> 00:32:40,000 So the idea is there are going to be three conferences where the US, the Soviet Union 324 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:46,900 and the UK are going to gather in order to organize the world after the Second World 325 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:48,140 War. 326 00:32:48,140 --> 00:32:57,940 So the first of these conferences is going to be the conference of Tehran in Iran, ok? 327 00:32:57,940 --> 00:33:03,180 Iran so in turn what we are going to find is this conference in November 1943 328 00:33:03,180 --> 00:33:09,400 if you check November 1943 we have finished with the Stalingrad battle okay 329 00:33:09,400 --> 00:33:18,119 they are conquering Italy they haven't a carry out the Normandy the Normandy 330 00:33:18,119 --> 00:33:27,559 landings that is going to happen in June 1944 so there are seven months in front 331 00:33:27,559 --> 00:33:34,079 of that, okay, ahead, so the idea is the Trump conference, what is going to decide, or what 332 00:33:34,079 --> 00:33:40,220 the three main powers, the UK, the USA, and the Soviet Union are going to decide in this 333 00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:45,440 conference, so what they are going to have is Churchill, that is the president of the 334 00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:51,480 UK, Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, you know him, related with the New Deal, etc., 335 00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:56,940 he is going to be the president of the US, and finally Stalin, that is going to be the 336 00:33:56,940 --> 00:34:03,140 dictatorship of the soviet union okay so what they are going to do is to take military measures to 337 00:34:03,140 --> 00:34:09,119 speed up the end of the war it means they are going to decide the next movement the next 338 00:34:09,119 --> 00:34:15,820 military movements in order to end with the war as soon as possible one of these decisions is the 339 00:34:15,820 --> 00:34:24,019 normandy landings okay so that's the idea they are going to decide the new or the next military 340 00:34:24,019 --> 00:34:29,579 movements in order to speed up it means to end quickly with the war okay one of 341 00:34:29,579 --> 00:34:36,380 these decisions is the the Normandy landings but here is Churchill here is 342 00:34:36,380 --> 00:34:44,480 Roosevelt and here is Stalin okay so the dictatorship of the Soviet Union the 343 00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:51,639 president of the US and the president of the UK the second one is the JALTA 344 00:34:51,639 --> 00:34:57,800 conference and it's going to be in february 1945 as you see it is close the the war is close 345 00:34:57,800 --> 00:35:04,760 uh the war is really close to end in europe because it ended in february in may sorry so 346 00:35:05,960 --> 00:35:14,519 like three months uh three four months uh to end with the war so in this delta conference they are 347 00:35:14,519 --> 00:35:21,239 going to agree with this the nazification what is that it means to end with the nazi party it means 348 00:35:21,239 --> 00:35:33,719 to persecute all the Nazi party members and also to prohibit or to persecute this way 349 00:35:33,719 --> 00:35:37,119 of thinking, this ideology. 350 00:35:37,119 --> 00:35:42,460 So they are going to start changing, for example, the name of the streets, Adolf Hitler Street 351 00:35:42,460 --> 00:35:47,800 is going to be substituted by Roosevelt Boulevard, makes sense, right? 352 00:35:47,800 --> 00:35:54,820 If you remember here in Spain we have done something similar in the last decade in order 353 00:35:54,820 --> 00:36:03,820 to change the name of the people from the dictatorship in order to establish new names. 354 00:36:03,820 --> 00:36:10,380 In this case Roosevelt Boulevard substituting Adolf Hitler Street. 355 00:36:10,380 --> 00:36:16,440 So they are going to agree to divide Germany and Austria into four occupied zones. 356 00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:21,480 It means they do not trust Germany, they want to control Germany. 357 00:36:21,760 --> 00:36:25,880 Remember the Versailles Treaty after the First World War. 358 00:36:26,260 --> 00:36:28,940 They established the demilitarization of Greenland. 359 00:36:28,940 --> 00:36:36,559 They established that there is a limitation on the number of soldiers in the German army, etc. 360 00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:37,980 And everything failed. 361 00:36:38,380 --> 00:36:44,079 So what they are going to do now is to divide Germany and these parts of Germany and Austria 362 00:36:44,079 --> 00:36:48,639 are going to be under control of the of the countries that they have won the war 363 00:36:48,639 --> 00:36:55,059 if you check this part of Germany is going to be under control of Russia as 364 00:36:55,059 --> 00:37:06,739 well as this part of Austria this part is going to be controlled by the UK okay 365 00:37:06,739 --> 00:37:13,840 as well as this part in Austria France is going to control this part as well as 366 00:37:13,840 --> 00:37:21,119 this part and finally the USA is going to control this part as well as it's controlling this part 367 00:37:21,119 --> 00:37:26,159 sorry I made a mistake this is the UK part and this is the US part so the idea is they are going 368 00:37:26,159 --> 00:37:34,239 to divide Germany in four main pieces okay after some years what they are going to do is to the 369 00:37:34,239 --> 00:37:39,440 they are going to unify Germany but only these three parts the the British part the French part 370 00:37:39,440 --> 00:37:43,760 and the American side and there are going to appear two Germanys this is going to be 371 00:37:44,639 --> 00:37:52,239 the capitalist Germany and this is going to be the communist Germany so the idea is they are going to 372 00:37:52,239 --> 00:37:59,039 divide Germany and Austria for different pieces to divide to control these countries to set these 373 00:37:59,039 --> 00:38:07,980 countries under control of the British the French the Germans and the Russians and of course they 374 00:38:07,980 --> 00:38:12,219 are going to agree that in these countries that they have been liberated after the second world 375 00:38:12,219 --> 00:38:19,340 war it means those countries that they were under the nazi control or the italian control etc they 376 00:38:19,340 --> 00:38:27,230 must have free elections and they are going to decide to create this the united nations 377 00:38:27,230 --> 00:38:35,150 an organization in order to keep peace in the world if you remember after the first world war 378 00:38:35,150 --> 00:38:40,530 they created the League of Nations okay this League of Nations in order to 379 00:38:40,530 --> 00:38:49,309 preserve the international order in order to avoid war and use diplomatic 380 00:38:49,309 --> 00:38:57,829 measures okay in order to end with this with any problem in the world so the 381 00:38:57,829 --> 00:39:03,829 idea is in this Yalta conference in February 1845 these three countries are 382 00:39:03,829 --> 00:39:07,909 going to agree to create to establish democratic systems in the countries 383 00:39:07,909 --> 00:39:14,449 liberated to divide Germany and Austria to end with the Nazism and also okay to 384 00:39:14,449 --> 00:39:20,949 create these United Nations to prevent war in the world to foster peace in the 385 00:39:20,949 --> 00:39:31,190 world to foster the use of diplomacy and dialogue instead of instead of instead 386 00:39:31,190 --> 00:39:38,329 of war or any type of fight. 387 00:39:38,329 --> 00:39:44,329 And finally, the last conference is the Potsdam Conference and it's in August 1945. 388 00:39:44,329 --> 00:39:50,389 Remember, the Second World War ended in the Pacific in September. 389 00:39:50,389 --> 00:39:56,409 So August is the moment when Truman, the new president of the US, is going to drop the 390 00:39:56,409 --> 00:40:00,730 atomic bombs in Japan. 391 00:40:00,730 --> 00:40:05,489 So in this case the new conference is not going to have Roosevelt, because Roosevelt 392 00:40:05,489 --> 00:40:17,869 has died, and Attlee is substituting Churchill, because Churchill lost the elections and Attlee 393 00:40:17,869 --> 00:40:19,329 was elected. 394 00:40:19,329 --> 00:40:30,230 Churchill is from the Conservative party and Attlee is from the Labour party. 395 00:40:30,230 --> 00:40:35,849 So the idea is that Attlee is left wing and Charles Hill is right wing. 396 00:40:35,849 --> 00:40:45,710 So in this case, these three new presidents, the president of the UK, Attlee, the president 397 00:40:45,710 --> 00:40:53,710 of the US, Harry Truman, and the dictator of the Soviet Union that is going to be Stalin. 398 00:40:53,710 --> 00:41:01,889 If you check here what we have is Molotov, remember Molotov was the Foreign Affairs Ministry 399 00:41:01,889 --> 00:41:11,750 of Stalin and he signed the treaty, the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939, so here it is, Molotov again 400 00:41:11,750 --> 00:41:14,949 in this conference. 401 00:41:14,949 --> 00:41:18,670 So what they are going to decide here is that they need to return all the territories, the 402 00:41:18,670 --> 00:41:23,789 the European territory, it means all the territories that it has been conquered during the Second 403 00:41:23,789 --> 00:41:34,070 World War must be given back to their population, it means Poland is going to be created again, 404 00:41:34,070 --> 00:41:39,610 Germany is going to be divided but they want to unify it, Alsace and Lorraine is going 405 00:41:39,610 --> 00:41:47,469 to be for France again, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, etc. 406 00:41:47,469 --> 00:41:55,030 So the idea is that the Soviet Union is going to keep some territories, as you can see. 407 00:41:55,030 --> 00:42:02,949 So the idea is that all the territories conquered by the Nazis are going to be now independent 408 00:42:02,949 --> 00:42:12,690 states and these states are going to have their own population, the national population. 409 00:42:12,690 --> 00:42:15,429 So they are going to dismantle the military industry. 410 00:42:15,429 --> 00:42:21,909 However, during the war all the industry was addressed to military industry, to military 411 00:42:21,909 --> 00:42:32,250 production, to produce bombs, to produce planes, to produce tanks, etc., anything they need, 412 00:42:32,250 --> 00:42:36,829 so now we need to change the economy into a different way, of course we do not need 413 00:42:36,829 --> 00:42:40,789 more tanks, we do not need more planes, we do not need more bombs, because the war is 414 00:42:40,789 --> 00:42:46,730 ended so they need to dismantle the military industry and also 415 00:42:46,730 --> 00:42:50,610 they are going to prosecute and punish the Nazi leaders in the Nuremberg 416 00:42:50,610 --> 00:42:58,030 trials so if you check in this year for 1945-1946 they are going to take 417 00:42:58,030 --> 00:43:03,670 place these Nuremberg trials and they are going to judge all these people in 418 00:43:03,670 --> 00:43:09,530 these trials they were the Nazis the most important Nazis were judged like 419 00:43:09,530 --> 00:43:17,210 like Hermann Goering, Ribbentrop, remember Ribbentrop, the one that signed the treaty with Molotov, the Nazi-Soviet pact, 420 00:43:17,809 --> 00:43:28,369 we have Hans Frank, he was controlling part of Poland and the, I will say, and part of the extermination camps, 421 00:43:28,369 --> 00:43:33,650 okay we are going to have also Alfred Rosenberg he is going to one of the main 422 00:43:33,650 --> 00:43:45,110 ideology ideologies or thinkers of the Nazi regime Keitel the Admiral Keitel is 423 00:43:45,110 --> 00:43:50,869 going to be the one that is going to surrender to to the Allies after the war 424 00:43:50,869 --> 00:43:59,969 in in May 1945 so what you see is the main the main Nazis are going to be 425 00:43:59,969 --> 00:44:05,110 executed the main Nazis are going to be executed or they are going to be in 426 00:44:05,110 --> 00:44:10,429 prison so the idea is in this post-war conference with these two new presidents 427 00:44:10,429 --> 00:44:14,269 and Stalin remaining they are going to decide to return all the 428 00:44:14,269 --> 00:44:20,309 territories to creating the European countries before the war it means to end 429 00:44:20,309 --> 00:44:29,309 with the Nazi occupation and re-establish the original countries, to dismantle the 430 00:44:29,309 --> 00:44:32,929 military industry means to address the economy in a different way, in a 431 00:44:32,929 --> 00:44:39,510 different way, to consumerism and finally to prosecute and punish these Nazi 432 00:44:39,510 --> 00:44:46,170 leaders okay and I have shown you some of them. Finally we have the Paris Peace 433 00:44:46,170 --> 00:44:49,550 Conference and in this Paris Peace Conference the only thing is that they 434 00:44:49,550 --> 00:44:54,309 are going to sign the peace treaties with the Germans Germany's and other 435 00:44:54,309 --> 00:44:59,730 allies okay so the idea is the last part is the Paris peace conference but the 436 00:44:59,730 --> 00:45:04,989 most important thing are these three conference okay basically the Tron the 437 00:45:04,989 --> 00:45:09,829 the conference of Tehran Tron conference the Yalta conference and the Poznan 438 00:45:09,829 --> 00:45:14,949 conference these three conference are going to set the the world they are 439 00:45:14,949 --> 00:45:21,170 going to give shape to shape the world after the Second World War because they 440 00:45:21,170 --> 00:45:25,949 are going to re-establish the different European countries, they are going to 441 00:45:25,949 --> 00:45:31,570 address the industry to different goals and they are going to 442 00:45:31,570 --> 00:45:36,550 prosecute and punish the Nazi leaders and finally the peace treaties are going 443 00:45:36,550 --> 00:45:42,070 to be signed here in the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 and that's it 444 00:45:42,070 --> 00:45:46,429 that's the consequences of the war and in the next video we will talk about the 445 00:45:46,429 --> 00:45:51,449 United Nations okay so remember we have seen the Jews and the Holocaust we have 446 00:45:51,449 --> 00:45:58,269 seen the economic and social consequences and we have talked about 447 00:45:58,269 --> 00:46:03,110 the different conferences that they are going to shape they're not a former no 448 00:46:03,110 --> 00:46:08,250 they are going to shape the world after the Second World War a world after the 449 00:46:08,250 --> 00:46:13,949 Second World War that is going to be based in this Cold War, the Guerra Fria, that 450 00:46:13,949 --> 00:46:17,690 means that the world is going to be divided in two sides, the capitalist side 451 00:46:17,690 --> 00:46:26,869 led by the USA and the communist side led by the Soviet Union.