1 00:00:00,940 --> 00:00:24,280 it could happen to any of us we're still feeling worse and worse and suddenly we cannot 2 00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:29,800 but the only thing we want to do is just go to bed what happens we have a disease 3 00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:37,759 we're going to study them there are many things that can attack our body there are many things 4 00:00:37,759 --> 00:00:45,280 that can kill you why don't we don't die by everything that attacks our body because we 5 00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:52,320 have a very sophisticated way to prevent infections to prevent illnesses we have an 6 00:00:52,320 --> 00:01:08,799 immune system. Let's go into study it. Unit 9, immunity. We are going to study many things in 7 00:01:08,799 --> 00:01:15,099 this unit, from our health, from the illness, the type of illnesses that we have, and also the 8 00:01:15,099 --> 00:01:21,480 different organisms that can attack us and how our body defends itself. And if it cannot defend 9 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:29,859 itself, how we can take some products to defend it. But first of all, we need to define what is 10 00:01:29,859 --> 00:01:34,180 health and what is illness. So, point one, health. 11 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:38,120 Now, get ready 12 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:42,180 to copy the definition. Health, state of 13 00:01:42,180 --> 00:01:45,939 complete physical, mental and social well-being. 14 00:01:46,980 --> 00:01:50,099 Now that we know what is health, we 15 00:01:50,099 --> 00:01:54,340 need to think of its opposite. It's opposite to illnesses. 16 00:01:54,780 --> 00:01:58,200 Everybody can think that a person that is ill 17 00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:01,099 is because it's not completely healthy. 18 00:02:01,219 --> 00:02:04,420 Now you have the definition, so you know what is a healthy person. 19 00:02:06,219 --> 00:02:09,120 What shows to a person that is ill? 20 00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:14,099 There are some symptoms that can show that the person is not feeling completely well. 21 00:02:14,500 --> 00:02:15,719 What are symptoms? 22 00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:22,960 Copy this, symptoms are signs made by our body that something is wrong. 23 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:27,520 For example, imagine that our temperature body rises. 24 00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:33,340 we have fever then it's a symptom that there is something wrong with our body or something is 25 00:02:33,340 --> 00:02:41,979 inflamated or that our sugar levels increase or decrease all those are symptoms and something is 26 00:02:41,979 --> 00:02:50,080 not going correctly in our body our body will react to these symptoms but sometimes if we don't 27 00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:56,960 feel really well we need the treatment and what is the treatment treatment is the management 28 00:02:56,960 --> 00:03:07,039 and care of a pair of a patient to combat a disease or disorder so if we are health everything 29 00:03:07,039 --> 00:03:13,460 is correct with our body if we feel ill then we have some symptoms and maybe we need a treatment 30 00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:21,500 to help us get healthy again now let's start a different type of illnesses to study them we're 31 00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:27,539 going to make a classification of the different types and give some examples of them how we're 32 00:03:27,539 --> 00:03:34,340 going to do it we're going to make a marvelous flap yeah i know you love it okay how we're going 33 00:03:34,340 --> 00:03:40,800 to do it we're going to take half of a paper this is half of a paper and we are going to prepare a 34 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:49,360 window okay we'll open here's the middle part and we'll open in two windows and in these windows 35 00:03:49,360 --> 00:03:57,840 we're going to divide it into three parts so in total we have six squares here at the front 36 00:03:59,039 --> 00:04:10,240 we open it as you can see i have also made lines under the three parts and in the middle one to 37 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:19,199 divide we have our flaps closed like this and on the outer part we're going to write the following 38 00:04:19,199 --> 00:04:25,360 the different types of disease this is one type of classification there are many others but 39 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:32,160 we're going to start this one okay types of disease and we have infectious disease 40 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:39,040 deficiency disease progressive disease genetic disease and mental disorder 41 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:47,600 so that's what you need to write on the front part now we open all the upper part of our flaps 42 00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:56,160 and under the title type of disease we're going to write definition and on the bottom part examples 43 00:04:56,160 --> 00:05:01,839 so we have we're right here on the upper part here the definitions of in this case would be 44 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:08,480 infection disease and deficiency disease and underneath the different examples 45 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:17,199 what is an infection disease is an invasion of an organism body by disease-causing aliens 46 00:05:17,199 --> 00:05:26,639 we can have viruses bacteria protozoa or even worms i have chosen for different infections but 47 00:05:26,639 --> 00:05:35,279 there are many others the coronavirus or kobe 19 is an infection disease that we transmit these 48 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:45,439 viruses through the dust or through the air we have the cholera which is a provoked by a bacteria 49 00:05:45,439 --> 00:05:51,439 which can be found inside water, inside dirty water, that's why it's very problematic in some 50 00:05:51,439 --> 00:05:59,279 developing countries because the water is not completely clean there. Malaria is one of the 51 00:05:59,279 --> 00:06:08,560 illnesses that more deaths cause in the world, more than COVID-19, I can tell you, but they are 52 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:18,110 in tropical countries most of them africa measles which in hispanics is salampion 53 00:06:18,750 --> 00:06:24,910 luckily it's a disease that here in this part of the world is not a very problematic disease we 54 00:06:24,910 --> 00:06:31,629 have a size against it and even if a person wouldn't get a design there are ways to treat 55 00:06:31,629 --> 00:06:39,310 it it's very problematic in other countries where a health system is not so secure deficiency 56 00:06:39,310 --> 00:06:47,310 disease which in spanish we call it enfermedades is the result from eating a diet which does not 57 00:06:47,310 --> 00:06:54,750 supply a healthy amount of one or more nutrients what does that mean that we take a diet but 58 00:06:54,750 --> 00:07:01,629 because it's not very healthy we don't take all the nutrients that we need for example a people 59 00:07:01,629 --> 00:07:08,509 who are strictly vegan they have to be very careful that they take all the vitamins that 60 00:07:08,509 --> 00:07:15,149 they need or if a person is eating a lot of fast food that is not taking care of him or herself 61 00:07:15,149 --> 00:07:18,910 there could be a deficiency of some of the vitamins as well 62 00:07:20,670 --> 00:07:27,709 some diseases caused by this lack of nutrients for example anemia maybe any of you have suffered 63 00:07:27,709 --> 00:07:35,709 anemia is when you have lack of iron inside your body and the red blood cells cannot carry 64 00:07:35,709 --> 00:07:43,069 the oxygen correctly around your body, that is anemia. Rickets, luckily we don't have it in this 65 00:07:43,069 --> 00:07:49,389 part of the world, in Spanish we call it raquitismo, and it happens when a baby doesn't get enough 66 00:07:49,389 --> 00:07:57,709 calcium and phosphorus and he or she cannot develop the bones correctly and they are very fragile and 67 00:07:57,709 --> 00:08:05,389 they broke easily. Scobie was very common from sailors, in Spanish we call it escorbuto. 68 00:08:06,029 --> 00:08:13,069 Sailors had sailed for many many months and they didn't get enough fresh vegetables or fresh fruit 69 00:08:13,709 --> 00:08:20,350 so they didn't have enough vitamin c in the bodies. The problem with this as they start 70 00:08:20,350 --> 00:08:29,470 losing their teeth, they become black and really ugly. We get to the next part, open the bottom 71 00:08:29,470 --> 00:08:36,350 part here, we're going to fill in progressive disease, a genetic disease and mental disorder. 72 00:08:37,389 --> 00:08:44,350 Let's go with the progressive disease, since we open this direction and I want to have all the 73 00:08:44,350 --> 00:08:49,470 examples in the central part, we're going to write on the bottom part the definition, 74 00:08:49,470 --> 00:08:57,070 which is a disease whose course is worsening until death or organ failure in spanish we call it 75 00:08:57,070 --> 00:09:04,590 enfermedades degenerativas here we have four illnesses that unfortunately they do not have a 76 00:09:04,590 --> 00:09:11,710 cure and they are worsening with time for example the multiple sclerosis we'll talk about it when 77 00:09:11,710 --> 00:09:17,870 we talk about the neurons remember that we say that in the people who suffer this illness 78 00:09:18,669 --> 00:09:25,389 their myelin sheath start to get attacked by the white blood cells and that is a huge problem 79 00:09:25,389 --> 00:09:34,509 because the they end up impaired immobilized the alzheimer's disease is an illness that although 80 00:09:34,509 --> 00:09:41,950 it is very well studied we still do not know what causes it that's a really big problem because we 81 00:09:41,950 --> 00:09:48,350 cannot find a cure until we don't we do not know what causes alzheimer but the thing is that the 82 00:09:48,350 --> 00:09:56,029 people start losing memory with time they cannot remember things that happen short time before and 83 00:09:56,029 --> 00:10:05,629 it is worsening with time until it provokes death parkinson it's an illness which makes your body 84 00:10:05,629 --> 00:10:13,870 shake. Before it was thought that it was an illness from very old people, but now more and 85 00:10:13,870 --> 00:10:21,809 more people develop it at a quite young age, I mean in 40s, 50s, in the 40s, 50s, and it's an 86 00:10:21,809 --> 00:10:29,250 illness that at the end it could kill you because it can paralyze your heart or your lungs. And 87 00:10:29,250 --> 00:10:36,590 Diabetes, although it's not an illness that usually causes death, unless it's not very well treated, 88 00:10:37,190 --> 00:10:39,590 but it's never going to have a cure. 89 00:10:39,590 --> 00:10:46,769 When you start treating a person from diabetes, you cannot stop treating that person. 90 00:10:47,929 --> 00:10:53,570 Genetic diseases are caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. 91 00:10:53,570 --> 00:10:59,570 Remember that we say that all the genetic information is in our DNA, which is inside our cell. 92 00:10:59,570 --> 00:11:08,570 Imagine that we have a problem not in a cell, for example, from the skin, but in a cell from an spermatozoa or in the ovum. 93 00:11:08,570 --> 00:11:19,570 Then the baby who is going to be born is going to have this abnormality, these genetic diseases, and also it's going to carry through generation. 94 00:11:19,570 --> 00:11:23,950 It doesn't need to go from father or mother to son or daughter. 95 00:11:24,370 --> 00:11:34,289 It can come from grand-grandfathers or grand-grandmothers and end up in the other generation because it was hiding from a long time ago. 96 00:11:35,429 --> 00:11:38,049 Some examples of these genetic diseases. 97 00:11:38,529 --> 00:11:48,429 Haemophilia, which is an illness where when you cut yourself, when you bleed, the blood cannot stop because it doesn't coagulate. 98 00:11:48,429 --> 00:11:56,350 the platelets do not work correctly and they do not cut the bleeding and you can die from that 99 00:11:57,309 --> 00:12:05,629 usually suffer by men because it's related with the x chromosome but also women can suffer from 100 00:12:05,629 --> 00:12:12,509 it cystic fibrosis is another example or color blindness which in spanish is daltonismo 101 00:12:12,509 --> 00:12:35,289 Finally, mental disorder, which in Spanish is enfermedades mentalas, they are a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress of personal functioning, meaning that it doesn't make the person live his or her life correctly, according to the society we are in right now. 102 00:12:35,289 --> 00:12:42,850 we have seen some illnesses which are mental disorders when we read the book but some others 103 00:12:42,850 --> 00:12:50,590 that we can think about are schizophrenia which is an illness when a person thinks that has to 104 00:12:50,590 --> 00:12:58,669 get some orders from a boy that comes from his or her head and it's very dangerous because it can 105 00:12:58,669 --> 00:13:06,950 even be violent anorexia that maybe you could think that is an illness related with the digestive 106 00:13:06,950 --> 00:13:15,049 system but is mostly mental disorder so it's not because of the person wants to stop eating it's 107 00:13:15,049 --> 00:13:23,090 a mental disorder and this person needs to be treated by a psychiatrist neurosis is when a 108 00:13:23,090 --> 00:13:31,750 person is neurotic with certain behaviors he or she cannot make his or her life correctly because 109 00:13:31,750 --> 00:13:38,889 of these behaviors that they need to be in a certain way having always the same stuff in the 110 00:13:38,889 --> 00:13:47,370 same place or done stepping on the red tiles on the floor or things like that but all of us are 111 00:13:47,370 --> 00:13:53,929 bit a bit neurotic with some things but if it doesn't make your life work correctly then it's 112 00:13:53,929 --> 00:14:02,129 a mental disorder finally depression sadly is one of the illness that affects more to this world 113 00:14:02,129 --> 00:14:08,070 where we are living especially the developed countries not the developing the developed 114 00:14:08,070 --> 00:14:15,149 countries because we have suffered for so much stress and so much pressure from society 115 00:14:15,149 --> 00:14:18,389 that a lot of people suffer from depression. 116 00:14:20,009 --> 00:14:21,149 That's all for today. 117 00:14:21,269 --> 00:14:22,690 Today we have learned about health, 118 00:14:22,809 --> 00:14:24,629 we have learned about the illness, 119 00:14:25,190 --> 00:14:27,470 we have learned about the different types of diseases 120 00:14:27,470 --> 00:14:29,370 and examples related to them. 121 00:14:29,490 --> 00:14:30,850 I hope you find it interesting. 122 00:14:31,230 --> 00:14:32,250 See you next day. 123 00:14:45,149 --> 00:14:47,210 Huh, huh, huh, huh, huh, huh.