1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:10,599 Hello, we are Clara, Belén, Martina, Taira, and Mezquelu, and we're going to talk about Diego María de Gardoque. 2 00:00:13,259 --> 00:00:22,019 Diego María de Gardoque Yarriquibar was born on November 12, 1735 in Bilbao and died on November 12, 1798 in Turín. 3 00:00:22,019 --> 00:00:30,219 He was the Secretary of the Council of State of HM Charles IV, and at the same time he was also the General Superintendent of the Royal Treasury. 4 00:00:30,899 --> 00:00:37,759 Besides that, he was also the Secretary of Illness of Don Pedro López de Lerena, Count of Lerena, in 1791. 5 00:00:38,359 --> 00:00:43,159 Talking about his family, Diego's parents were José Ignacio de Gardoqui and María Simona de Arriquibal. 6 00:00:43,619 --> 00:00:49,100 He married Brigida Josefa de Orueta in 1776 and had three children, 7 00:00:49,100 --> 00:00:53,579 José Gardoqui Llorueta, Josefa Joaquina and María Simona de Riquibar. 8 00:00:54,759 --> 00:00:59,880 Diego de Gardoqui was an official commissioned by the King of Spain, Charles III, 9 00:00:59,979 --> 00:01:05,480 to manage the shipments of money and supplies to the 13 colonies during the American Revolution. 10 00:01:06,180 --> 00:01:09,659 After the war, he served as Spain's first ambassador to Congress 11 00:01:09,659 --> 00:01:14,959 and was one of only two foreigners to attend George Washington's inauguration 12 00:01:14,959 --> 00:01:19,680 as the first president of the United States in 1789. 13 00:01:20,879 --> 00:01:26,280 Gardocki's house was also the meeting place of the first Catholic dignitaries 14 00:01:26,280 --> 00:01:28,579 representing their countries. 15 00:01:29,319 --> 00:01:33,319 Gardocki worked to protect the king's interests on the Mississippi River. 16 00:01:34,019 --> 00:01:39,480 Gardocki worked with John Brown and General James Wilkinson in 1788 17 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:44,879 to procure a treaty between Kentucky and Spain concerning navigation on the river. 18 00:01:44,959 --> 00:01:52,439 Gardoqui was the Spanish counterparty to the Jay-Gardoqui Treaty of 1789, negotiated by 19 00:01:52,439 --> 00:01:57,540 John Jay of the United States, relating to the navigational rights of Spain in the Mississippi 20 00:01:57,540 --> 00:01:58,540 River. 21 00:01:58,540 --> 00:02:06,840 Gardoqui, in 1785-86, has arranged for a Spanish horse to be sent to Jay. 22 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:13,039 After Gardoqui returned to Spain in 1788, he was later succeeded in the United States 23 00:02:13,039 --> 00:02:19,319 by two diplomats, José de Llao de Nesinebot and José Ignacio de Villar, serving as charge d'affaires 24 00:02:19,319 --> 00:02:28,580 to the United States, both of whom had served on Gardoqui's own staff during 1785-88. Tenured, 25 00:02:28,580 --> 00:02:39,539 Gardoqui was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789. On June 12, 1783, Gardoqui was 26 00:02:39,539 --> 00:02:46,740 appointed general consul in London and held the post on January 4th, 1784. On September 27 of 27 00:02:46,740 --> 00:02:51,580 that same year, he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to the United States, presenting 28 00:02:51,580 --> 00:03:01,580 his credentials on June 22, 1785 in New York. On April 30, 1789, he stood by George Washington 29 00:03:01,580 --> 00:03:09,300 during his inauguration as the first president of the United States. In 1790, Cardochi was named 30 00:03:09,300 --> 00:03:17,599 director of the Commerce of the Indies. On January 21, 1796, he received the mission of ambassador 31 00:03:17,599 --> 00:03:23,020 in turn. Since his arrival at the ministry, Cardoqui wanted to face a policy of promoting 32 00:03:23,020 --> 00:03:29,120 the sources of national wealth, liquidate the national debt, and provide resources to finance 33 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:35,180 extraordinary expenses that the future might bring. Actions such as facilitating the shipping 34 00:03:35,180 --> 00:03:41,400 of military supplies or acting as an intermediary between Spain and the United States by providing 35 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:45,840 financial aid contributed significantly to the success of the American Revolution. 36 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,819 Although not all of his actions had positive consequences, Gardochi attempted to negotiate 37 00:03:51,819 --> 00:03:56,699 an agreement on the navigability of the Mississippi, proposing that the United States 38 00:03:56,699 --> 00:04:02,840 give up its navigation rights for three decades. This proposal was not well received by the 39 00:04:02,840 --> 00:04:08,039 population, as southerners and westerns felt abandoned by their leader. 40 00:04:08,719 --> 00:04:10,919 Gardoqui's actions have left a lasting mark. 41 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:13,680 In Philadelphia, there is a statue in his honor. 42 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:20,980 A U.S. Navy ship during World War II was named the USS Gardoqui. 43 00:04:21,459 --> 00:04:25,920 His actions in American independence and as the first ambassador have been recognized 44 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:31,160 and studied by historians facilitating the understanding of early Spanish-American relations. 45 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:33,839 Thank you.