1 00:00:12,849 --> 00:00:16,329 Let's focus now on plumbing installations. 2 00:00:16,329 --> 00:00:22,289 Regarding the regulations in terms of hot and cold water supply, we are going to follow 3 00:00:22,289 --> 00:00:29,089 HS Salubrity Basic Document Chapter 4, the Regulations on Thermal Installations in Buildings 4 00:00:29,089 --> 00:00:33,929 and the Building Technical Standards. 5 00:00:33,929 --> 00:00:41,369 As basic regulation we'll use HS Sanitary Basic Document Chapter 4 and we are going 6 00:00:41,369 --> 00:00:47,049 to go directly to section number 4 to start with the dimensioning. 7 00:00:47,049 --> 00:00:53,990 Firstly, a space forecasting inside the building is to take into account to house the general 8 00:00:53,990 --> 00:01:02,070 meter which dimensions will be established depending on the diameter of the water intake. 9 00:01:02,070 --> 00:01:06,689 This general meter box will house following devices. 10 00:01:06,689 --> 00:01:18,569 a general shut-off valve, then the installation filter, the general meter, a cut-off valve, 11 00:01:18,569 --> 00:01:25,590 a test valve or pipe fitting, an on-return valve and an outlet valve. 12 00:01:25,590 --> 00:01:30,769 This outlet valve and the general cut-off valve will allow the general meter's assembly 13 00:01:30,769 --> 00:01:32,370 and disassembly. 14 00:01:32,370 --> 00:01:37,549 Regarding the dimensioning of the plumbing network, the calculation is going to be done 15 00:01:37,549 --> 00:01:38,549 as follows. 16 00:01:38,549 --> 00:01:44,709 A first dimensioning will be carried out, choosing the less favourable section, obtaining 17 00:01:44,709 --> 00:01:51,230 some previous diameters, which will later have to be checked based on the calculated 18 00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:52,849 pressure loss. 19 00:01:52,849 --> 00:01:58,569 This dimensioning will be done taking into account the characteristics of each installation 20 00:01:58,569 --> 00:02:05,569 and the diameters obtained will be compared with the minimum diameters established on this regulation. 21 00:02:07,069 --> 00:02:10,870 Since we are talking about the characteristics of the installation, 22 00:02:10,870 --> 00:02:14,069 let's present the project that we are going to work on. 23 00:02:14,069 --> 00:02:19,069 It's a three-floor healthcare centre, basement, ground floor and first floor. 24 00:02:19,069 --> 00:02:22,069 Most activities will take place on the ground floor. 25 00:02:26,830 --> 00:02:30,830 On the first floor we will have a meeting room and two offices, 26 00:02:30,830 --> 00:02:39,830 And in the basement we'll house 25 parking spaces, a changing room area and all the facilities' rooms. 27 00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:51,099 Let's start with the dimensioning of the less favourable circuit that will be the one with the greatest pressure loss due to friction, 28 00:02:51,099 --> 00:03:03,990 that is, the longest one, accumulating more friction and therefore more pressure loss, and the one that has a higher geometric elevation. 29 00:03:03,990 --> 00:03:11,430 This circuit will run from the domestic intake until the farthest device situated in the 30 00:03:11,430 --> 00:03:20,639 first floor, which we already have identified and selected on floor plan. 31 00:03:20,639 --> 00:03:26,680 What we are going to do now is to organize the rest of the installation into sections. 32 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:32,319 As you can see, we have made this splitting, especially at points where the circuit branches 33 00:03:32,319 --> 00:03:42,050 into two pipes distributing its flow for the dimensioning of these sections will proceed as 34 00:03:42,050 --> 00:03:49,810 follows we are going to calculate the maximum flow rate of each section as the sum of the flows of 35 00:03:49,810 --> 00:03:57,840 the consumption points in this case regardless of the sections that we are going to consider 36 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:04,960 as they will be intake supplying pipe main distributor risers and branches for the three 37 00:04:04,960 --> 00:04:11,280 floors, we'll need to make a list of all wet rooms where each consumption point is placed 38 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:24,069 and calculate its flow. For this task, a spreadsheet like the one I've developed here is recommended, 39 00:04:24,069 --> 00:04:33,860 with the detail of all rooms, changing rooms, parking, medical practice rooms, toilets. 40 00:04:33,860 --> 00:04:40,160 We've also assigned each room a code, a name, and we have entered the type of device and 41 00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:55,379 its minimum instant water flow rate on table 2.1, the number of that type of device and 42 00:04:55,379 --> 00:05:05,370 finally the resulting flow rate. We've also made a sum for each unit of wet room and we 43 00:05:05,370 --> 00:05:13,439 have grouped these flows by floor plan. In addition, we have counted the number of devices 44 00:05:13,439 --> 00:05:19,459 to apply a simultaneously coefficient since not all devices will be functioning at the 45 00:05:19,459 --> 00:05:34,660 the same time, and this way we have calculated the maximum flow per floor plan according 46 00:05:34,660 --> 00:05:40,740 to the first section of the technical code. 47 00:05:40,740 --> 00:05:47,649 Next section will deal with the simultaneously coefficient since the different simultaneous 48 00:05:47,649 --> 00:05:56,420 operation scenarios of plumbing appliances inside buildings fluctuate their flows. 49 00:05:56,420 --> 00:06:03,839 This simultaneous coefficient will be defined by the UNE 149201 standard, where it will 50 00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:11,860 be 1 divided of the root of n minus 1, being n the number of appliances or devices. 51 00:06:11,860 --> 00:06:19,139 Once obtained the maximum flow for each floor plan, we calculate the simultaneous coefficient. 52 00:06:19,139 --> 00:06:25,100 Next step will be to determine the calculation flow, which will be the multiple of this simultaneous 53 00:06:25,100 --> 00:06:30,620 coefficient by the maximum flow rate which we have previously calculated. 54 00:06:30,620 --> 00:06:36,040 Next step is to choose the calculation speed with which we are going to calculate the pipe's 55 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:37,040 diameter. 56 00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:44,100 In this case we'll have following ranges, for metal pipe between 0.5 and 2 m per second 57 00:06:44,100 --> 00:06:51,480 and for thermoplastic and multilayer pipes between 0.5 and 3.5 m per second. 58 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:57,240 We are now going to use standard values of 2 m per second and 1 m per second. 59 00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:03,480 Finally, we are going to obtain the diameter of each section, which will depend on the last two values, 60 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:06,779 the calculation flow and the calculation speed. 61 00:07:06,779 --> 00:07:13,680 We are going to calculate the flow with an abacus, usually supplied by commercial companies, 62 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:19,310 depending on the pipe's material. 63 00:07:19,310 --> 00:07:24,410 The abacus is very easy. It's made up of four columns. 64 00:07:24,410 --> 00:07:30,810 The two exterior ones are going to be the columns with which we are going to enter the abacus. 65 00:07:30,810 --> 00:07:36,870 The two outer ones correspond to the speed and the flow, and within these two outer columns 66 00:07:36,870 --> 00:07:42,689 we are going to draw a line which is going to cut both columns inside. 67 00:07:42,689 --> 00:07:48,389 From these two columns that are inside, one corresponds to the pressure loss of the pipe 68 00:07:48,389 --> 00:07:53,850 in millimeter water column per meter, and the one to the right corresponds to the inner 69 00:07:53,850 --> 00:08:03,959 diameter, both in inches and millimeters. So, for a flow rate of 2.4 L per second and 70 00:08:03,959 --> 00:08:09,800 the speed of 2 m per second, we determine the diameter both of the intake supplying 71 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:15,740 pipe as well as for the main distributor, which will have the same flow rate and the 72 00:08:15,740 --> 00:08:22,500 same speed, and we see that the line will cut in the second column with a diameter of 73 00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:31,740 nearly 40 mm, and it will correspond to a pressure loss of 180 mm water column per meter. 74 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:42,179 In the case of the derivation pipes, we start from a flow rate of 0.79 l per second and a speed 75 00:08:42,179 --> 00:08:49,480 of 2 m per second. This will give us a diameter of nearly 30 mm and a pressure loss of about 40 76 00:08:49,480 --> 00:08:55,919 mm water column per meter. This is to be done with each section, so our spreadsheet will 77 00:08:55,919 --> 00:09:00,700 be very useful, as we already have the entire table filled out. 78 00:09:00,700 --> 00:09:07,639 We have added two more columns, one that corresponds to the minimum nominal diameter, that according 79 00:09:07,639 --> 00:09:13,299 to the technical code this section must comply with, and another column with the nominal 80 00:09:13,299 --> 00:09:19,240 diameter, that one that we are really going to choose for our project. The minimum diameter 81 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:25,600 must be met, therefore, if we obtain a smaller diameter in the abacus, this value has to 82 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:32,620 be raised to meet the minimum value established in the technical code. 83 00:09:32,620 --> 00:09:40,720 Finally, in the next column we have the pressure loss obtained in the abacus for that section. 84 00:09:40,720 --> 00:09:46,360 And at this point we move on to the next section of the technical code, which is checking the 85 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:52,480 available pressure on the less favorable point of consumption, which we had already located 86 00:09:52,480 --> 00:10:02,940 on the first floor, on the device farthest located from the connection, and we must verify 87 00:10:02,940 --> 00:10:09,120 that this value exceeds the minimum value and doesn't exceed the maximum value established 88 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:12,679 in section 2.1.3. 89 00:10:12,679 --> 00:10:16,000 This verification must be done in two steps. 90 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:21,679 In the first step, we will determine the pressure loss of the circuit, which will be estimated 91 00:10:21,679 --> 00:10:29,000 at 20 to 30% of that produced on the actual length of the section, or instead it can be 92 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:36,179 assessed considering each one of the elements of the installation. 93 00:10:36,179 --> 00:10:41,519 In order to evaluate this pressure through the elements of the installation, we have 94 00:10:41,519 --> 00:10:48,879 to go to a table where we can find each element fitting elbow reduction or type of valve that 95 00:10:48,879 --> 00:10:57,210 will produce a loss of pressure. And what we have to do in this case is to make a detailed list of 96 00:10:57,210 --> 00:11:05,909 them and add each accessory with its pressure loss. This is going to be a rather hard procedure 97 00:11:05,909 --> 00:11:16,980 for the result obtained. Therefore, we're going to use a more simplified method which will consist 98 00:11:16,980 --> 00:11:22,980 of estimating this pressure loss, produced by all the accessories of the section, 99 00:11:22,980 --> 00:11:26,980 estimating it at 30% over its length. 100 00:11:26,980 --> 00:11:38,740 Therefore, we can directly measure the length of each section in AutoCAD 101 00:11:38,740 --> 00:11:41,740 and increase it by 30%. 102 00:11:41,740 --> 00:11:44,740 And that value will be the equivalent length. 103 00:11:44,740 --> 00:11:48,740 This equivalent length, multiplied by the pressure loss per meter, 104 00:11:48,740 --> 00:11:58,299 in the abacus will give us the pressure loss value of that section due to internal friction of the pipe. 105 00:11:58,299 --> 00:12:06,299 We are going to do this for each section for the less favorable circuit that we have already identified 106 00:12:06,299 --> 00:12:15,299 at the beginning of the video, and it's the one that goes from the intake to the farthest device on the first floor. 107 00:12:15,299 --> 00:12:43,980 Therefore, the verification that must be carried out after obtaining the values of all pressure laws on each section of the circuit is going to be next step to check that the remaining available pressure after deducting to the total pressure the geometric height and the residual one of the less favorable point of consumption is higher than the minimum pressure required according to the technical code. 108 00:12:43,980 --> 00:13:00,820 This minimum pressure is established at 100 kPa for common devices and 150 kPa for flushing toilets and boilers, and it cannot exceed in any case 500 kPa. 109 00:13:01,820 --> 00:13:11,820 If we develop this process for each section, we can know their pressure values, although to check it we are going to do it only in the less favourable device. 110 00:13:11,820 --> 00:13:19,379 Therefore, at the worst consumption point, at the whole pressure, which in this case 111 00:13:19,379 --> 00:13:26,200 is the supplying pressure, 30 m water column, we are going to discount the geometric height, 112 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:38,399 which in this case is 10.5 m, and we are also going to discount the pressure loss of the 113 00:13:38,399 --> 00:13:44,059 entire pipeline from the intake until that less favorable consumption point. 114 00:13:44,059 --> 00:13:50,509 Therefore, we are going to subtract all the pressure loss of that circuit, 115 00:13:50,509 --> 00:13:57,549 and we can see in orange color which sections of the circuit are involved in this pressure loss sum 116 00:13:57,549 --> 00:14:00,350 of the less favourable consumption point, 117 00:14:00,350 --> 00:14:08,539 giving as a result a value of 12.27 m water column, 118 00:14:08,539 --> 00:14:13,940 which is less than the 15 m water column required by the technical code. 119 00:14:13,940 --> 00:14:18,019 Therefore, the installation of a pressure whoop will be necessary.